寒地水稻生长发育动态研究初探     

李炜 许显滨矫江  鲛岛良次 神田英司 《垦殖与稻作》2008,38(1):24-26

以黑龙江省主栽的两个水稻品种为试验材料,通过调查试验材料的生育期、干物质积累、叶面积变化和分蘖消长动态的测定,明确了拔节至抽穗期是水稻产量形成的关键时期;根据试验材料干物质积累的变化规律建立了干物质随时间变化的生长曲线。经检验拟合较好。  相似文献   

Phylogenetic analysis of hindgut microbiota in Hokkaido native horses compared to light horses     

Hidehisa YAMANO  Satoshi KOIKE  Yasuo KOBAYASHI  Hiroshi HATA 《Animal Science Journal》2008,79(2):234-242

The analysis of 16S rDNA sequence of bacteria in feces of Hokkaido native horses and light horses were performed to compare the hindgut microbiota between the two breeds. One hundred and four bacterial 16S rDNA clones (57 clones from four native horses and 47 clones from two light horses) were obtained. Only four sequences (3.8% of total sequences) showed 97% or more similarity to known species. The sequences were mainly affiliated with Cytophaga–Flavobacter–Bacteroides and low GC Gram‐positive bacteria (LGCGP). Proportion of LGCGP was higher in light horses. Other phyla including Verrucomicrobia, Spirochaetes and Archaea were detected only for native horses, suggesting high diversity of microbiota in native horses. In LGCGP, clusters related to known cellulolytic species were found only for native horses, while a cluster related to soluble sugar‐utilizing species was detected only for light horses. The library composition‐comparing software LIBSHUFF showed significant (P < 0.05) difference of fecal microbiota between the horse breeds. The number of Fibrobacter succinogenes‐related sequence and the frequency of detection of novel groups were found to be higher in native horses by selective amplification analysis. The results suggest that genetic diversity and population size of the F. succinogenes group are higher in the hindgut of native horses.  相似文献   

Genotypes and allele frequencies of buried SNPs in a bovine single‐nucleotide polymorphism array in Japanese Black cattle     

Shinji Sasaki  Eiji Muraki  Yoshinobu Inoue  Ryouhei Suezawa  Hideki Nikadori  Yuuichi Yoshida  Shouta Nariai  Ryoya Hideshima  Shiyunsuke Moriwaki  Ryotaro Nakashima  Katsuo Uchiyama  Kanako Yoshinari  Masayuki Takeda  Takatoshi Kojima 《Animal Science Journal》2019,90(12):1503-1509

Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) arrays are widely used for genetic and genomic analyses in cattle breeding; thus, data derived from SNP arrays have accumulated on a large scale nationwide. Commercial SNP arrays contain a considerable number of unassigned SNPs on the chromosome/position on the genome; these SNPs are excluded in subsequent analyses. Notably, the position‐unassigned SNPs, or “buried SNPs” include some of the markers associated with genetic disease. In this study, we identified the position of buried SNPs using the Basic Local Alignment Search Tool against the surrounding sequences and characterized the relationship between SNPs and genetic diseases in Online Mendelian Inheritance in Animals based on the genomic position. We determined the position of 285 buried SNPs on the genome and surveyed the genotype and allele frequencies of these SNPs in 5,955 individual Japanese Black cattle. Eleven SNPs associated with genetic disease, which contained five buried SNPs, were found in the population with the risk allele frequency ranging from 0.00008396 to 0.46. These results indicate that buried SNPs in the bovine SNP array can be utilized to identify associations with genetic disorders from large scale accumulated SNP genotype data in Japanese Black cattle.  相似文献   

Pool‐based genome‐wide association study identified novel candidate regions on BTA9 and 14 for oleic acid percentage in Japanese Black cattle          下载免费PDF全文

Ayaka Nakajima  Yuta Matsumoto  Yoshinobu Uemoto  Moriyuki Fukushima  Emi Yoshida  Eiji Iwamoto  Takayuki Akiyama  Namiko Kohama  Eiji Kobayashi  Takeshi Honda  Kenji Oyama  Hideyuki Mannen  Shinji Sasazaki 《Animal Science Journal》2018,89(8):1060-1066

Fatty acid composition is an important indicator of beef quality. The objective of this study was to search the potential candidate region for fatty acid composition. We performed pool‐based genome‐wide association studies (GWAS) for oleic acid percentage (C18:1) in a Japanese Black cattle population from the Hyogo prefecture. GWAS analysis revealed two novel candidate regions on BTA9 and BTA14. The most significant single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in each region were genotyped in a population (n = 899) to verify their effect on C18:1. Statistical analysis revealed that both SNPs were significantly associated with C18:1 (p = .0080 and .0003), validating the quantitative trait loci (QTLs) detected in GWAS. We subsequently selected VNN1 and LYPLA1 genes as candidate genes from each region on BTA9 and BTA14, respectively. We sequenced full‐length coding sequence (CDS) of these genes in eight individuals and identified a nonsynonymous SNP T66M on VNN1 gene as a putative candidate polymorphism. The polymorphism was also significantly associated with C18:1, but the p value (p = .0162) was higher than the most significant SNP on BTA9, suggesting that it would not be responsible for the QTL. Although further investigation will be needed to determine the responsible gene and polymorphism, our findings would contribute to development of selective markers for fatty acid composition in the Japanese Black cattle of Hyogo.  相似文献   

自然侵入阔叶树对琉球松人工林碳素及氮素动态的影响     

徐小牛  王勤  平田永二 《林业科学》2004,40(1):11-17

对日本冲绳岛北部相同土壤条件下的琉球松纯林及其混交林的土壤氮素及有机碳素、地表凋落物量、枯枝落叶量以及土壤氮素矿化速率进行了比较研究。结果表明 ,琉球松纯林的地表凋落物层氮、碳平均贮量分别为133kg·hm- 2 和 7199kg·hm- 2 ,混交林则分别为 10 5kg·hm- 2 和 6 14 3kg·hm- 2 。然而 ,混交林地表 10cm矿质土层的氮、碳贮量则显著高于纯林 ,氮素比纯林多 4 93kg·hm- 2 ,碳素多 5 5 5 4kg·hm- 2 。在 30d的实验室培养实验中 ,混交林表层土壤的氮素矿化速率高于纯林 18% ;而且 ,混交林的落叶和土壤的碳氮比值亦明显低于松纯林。混交林土壤的年平均矿化氮素 (NH4 NO3- )浓度高于纯林 2 2 %。与松纯林相比 ,混交林通过枯枝落叶年平均氮素归还量多 4 3 7kg·hm- 2 ,碳素归还量多 16 5 5kg·hm- 2 。混交林具有较高的氮素归还量 ,主要是混交林的针叶含氮含量较高以及大量的高含氮量的阔叶落叶所致。上述结果充分说明针阔混交导致了林分氮素循环的变化。  相似文献   

Influences of genetic and environmental factors on the concentration of the allergen Cry j 1 in sugi (Cryptomeria japonica) pollen     

Goto Y  Kondo T  Hayashi E  Kuramoto N  Takahashi M  Yasueda H 《Tree physiology》2004,24(4):409-414

Pollen from sugi (Japanese cedar, Cryptomeria japonica D. Don), a forest tree species that is widely grown in Japan, causes serious allergic disease. The major allergens from sugi pollen, Cry j 1 and Cry j 2, have been isolated and characterized. It has been reported that Cry j 1 concentration in pollen varies considerably among trees. If Cry j 1 concentration is genetically controlled, the planting of trees with low Cry j 1 concentrations would reduce pollinosis. We investigated genetic and environmental effects on Cry j 1 concentration in eight clones growing at four sites. Concentrations of Cry j 1 in pollen were measured with a monoclonal antibody-based Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). The Cry j 1 concentrations differed significantly among clones and sites, but the site x clone interaction was not significant, suggesting that the Cry j 1 concentration is controlled primarily by genetic factors. We examined correlations between Cry j 1 concentration and temperature and precipitation from July through February. Temperature was not significantly related to Cry j 1 concentration, whereas cumulative precipitation during the 8 months and mean daily precipitation in September showed significant negative correlations with Cry j 1 concentration.  相似文献   

Characteristics and epidemiologic genotyping of Staphylococcus aureus isolates from bovine mastitic milk in Hokkaido, Japan     

Hata E  Katsuda K  Kobayashi H  Ogawa T  Endô T  Eguchi M 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2006,68(2):165-170

Two hundred thirty one Staphylococcus aureus isolates from bovine mastitic milk were discriminated into 60 patterns and 16 lineages by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). The tested isolates were also investigated using coagulase and capsule serotyping and PCR for possession of genes that encode staphylococcal enterotoxins (sea to sei), enterotoxin-like toxins (selj to selr), and toxic shock syndrome toxin (tst). One hundred seventy three of the isolates (74.9%) possessed one or more toxin genes, while no egg-yolk factor was detected in most of them. The most common combinations of toxin genes possessed by the tested isolates were sec, seg, sei, sell, and tst, or seg and sei, or sec, seg, sei, sell, seln, and tst. Two hundred and ten of the isolates (91.0%) serotyped coagulase VI, and 207 of the isolates (89.6%) expressed serotype 5 or 8 capsules. These results suggested that isolates belonging to two major lineages have spread all over Hokkaido as bovine mastitic isolates. Additionally, no remarkable difference was recognized in the identification ratio of the isolates that belonged to the two major lineages between mastitis of subclinical origin and mastitis of clinical origin.  相似文献   

Comparison of two quantitative assays for xenotropic murine leukemia virus-related virus     

Sato E  Yoshikawa R  Miyazawa T 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2012,74(2):255-258

Xenotropic murine leukemia virus-related virus (XMRV), a novel gammaretrovirus in humans, was found in patients with prostate cancer (PC) and chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS). However, there has been controversy whether XMRV is directly associated with human diseases. In this study, we developed a LacZ marker rescue assay using human embryonic kidney 293T cells and a focus assay using a feline fibroblastic sarcoma-positive leukemia-negative QN10S cells. XMRV induced prominent foci in QN10S cells and the viral titer determined by the focus assay was as high as that by the LacZ marker rescue assay. Because the focus assay is simple and sensitive, it will be useful for monitoring infectious XMRVs in CFS and PC patients and virological studies for XMRV.  相似文献   

Upregulation of interferon-stimulated genes and interleukin-10 in peripheral blood immune cells during early pregnancy in dairy cows     

Shirasuna K  Matsumoto H  Kobayashi E  Nitta A  Haneda S  Matsui M  Kawashima C  Kida K  Shimizu T  Miyamoto A 《The Journal of reproduction and development》2012,58(1):84-90

In cows, interferon-tau (IFNT) regulates maternal recognition around days 15-19 after artificial insemination (AI). The present study hypothesized that if key target genes of IFNT are clearly upregulated in earlier stages of pregnancy, these genes could be use as indices of future pregnancy in cows. Therefore, we determined the expression of these genes in peripheral blood mononuclear leukocytes (PBMCs) and polymorphonuclear granulocytes (PMNs) during the maternal recognition period (MRP). Twenty multiparous Holstein cows were subjected to AI on day 0 and categorized into the following groups: pregnancy (Preg, n = 9), embryonic death (ED, n = 5) and non-pregnancy (NP, n = 6). Progesterone levels in the Preg group were higher than those in the NP group on days 12-21. ISG15 and OAS-1 (IFN-stimulated genes: ISGs) mRNA in PBMCs on day 8 was higher in the Preg group than in the NP group, and these mRNAs in PMNs was higher in the Preg group on day 5 than in the NP and ED groups. Interleukin-10 (IL-10, Th2 cytokine) mRNA expression increased on day 8 in the PBMCs of pregnant cows. Tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα, Th1 cytokine) mRNA expression was stable in all groups. In an in vitro cell culture experiment, IFNT stimulated mRNA expression of ISGs in both PBMCs and PMNs. IFNT stimulated IL-10 mRNA expression in PBMCs, whereas IFNT increased TNFα mRNA levels in PBMCs in vitro. The results suggest that ISGs and IL-10 could be responsive to IFNT before the MRP in peripheral blood immune cells and may be useful target genes for reliable indices of pregnancy before the MRP.  相似文献   

Influence of bacteriocin-like substance, generation times, and genetic profiles of Listeria innocua on the isolation of Listeria monocytogenes     

Yokoyama E  Shibusawa Y  Maruyama S  Katsube Y  Mikami T 《Comparative immunology, microbiology and infectious diseases》2005,28(3):177-186

Inhibition of isolation of Listeria monocytogenes by bacteriocin-like substance (BLS)-producing Listeria innocua after enrichment culture was investigated. When 26 L. monocytogenes strains were examined in combination with eight L. innocua strains using the spot on lawn method, 52/208 (25.0%) combinations showed the growth inhibition of L. monocytogenes. When two Listeria species were cultured simultaneously in selective enrichment broth, inhibition of isolation of L. monocytogenes was observed in 12/52 of the combinations at 24h (23.1%), in 24/52 at 48h (46.2%) and in 30/52 (57.7%) after 7 days of incubation. The randomly amplified polymorphic DNA profiles showed no interstrain similarities between either strains of the BLS-producing L. innocua or the BLS-sensitive L. monocytogenes strains. Therefore inhibition by BLS-producing L. innocua of isolation of L. monocytogenes after enrichment culture is unlikely to be dependent upon a particular genetic profile.  相似文献