Permeation of carboxylates as ionic compounds into fish meats by soaking and its osmotic dehydrating effect     

Tooru Ooizumi  Eiko Nagata  Ayumi Furutani  Yoshiaki Akahane  Jun Shirai 《Fisheries Science》2008,74(5):1187-1194

Permeability of Na-gluconate, Na-malate and Na-acetate into fish-meat strips by soaking, and their osmotic dehydrating effects were investigated in comparison with those of sodium chloride (NaCl) and sorbitol. Carboxylic acids, anion species of carboxylates, were less permeable into soaked meats than chlorine of NaCl, and their permeability was similar to that of sorbitol. However, the permeation of sodium, cation species of the carboxylates and NaCl, was promoted with the concentration of free sodium ion dissociated in soaking solutions. The ratio of sodium to the anion species in soaked meats was varied, depending on the numbers of the sodium atom in the molecules as well as the dissociation degree of the ionic compounds in the soaking solution. Furthermore, the osmotic dehydrating effects of Na-gluconate and Na-malate were analogous with that of sorbitol, and higher than those of NaCl and Na-acetate. These results indicated that the permeation characteristics and the osmotic dehydrating effects of the carboxylates were associated with their ionization in soaking solution as well as their molecular weights.  相似文献   

Biologic features of HIV-1 that correlate with virulence in the host   总被引：120，自引：0，他引：120  

C Cheng-Mayer  D Seto  M Tateno  J A Levy 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1988,240(4848):80-82

Individuals infected with the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) may be asymptomatic or have AIDS-related complex or the acquired immuno deficiency syndrome (AIDS). Little is known about the factors that influence progression of infection to AIDS. In this study of isolates of HIV-1 obtained at intervals during the infection of four individuals, the development of disease was found to be correlated with the emergence of HIV-1 variants that were more cytopathic in vitro as the disease progressed and that replicated more efficiently in a wide variety of different human cells. The biologic properties of HIV-1 in vitro thus appear to reflect its virulence in the host. Further studies of such sequentially isolated viruses may lead to the identification of viral genes that govern pathogenesis.  相似文献   

Epizootiological study of tick-borne encephalitis virus infection in Japan     

Yoshii K  Mottate K  Omori-Urabe Y  Chiba Y  Seto T  Sanada T  Maeda J  Obara M  Ando S  Ito N  Sugiyama M  Sato H  Fukushima H  Kariwa H  Takashima I 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2011,73(3):409-412

Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) is a zoonotic agent causing severe encephalitis in humans. Rodent species that are potential hosts for TBEV are widely distributed in various regions in Japan. In this study, we carried out large-scale epizootiological surveys in rodents from various areas of Japan. A total of 931 rodent and insectivore sera were collected from field surveys. Rodents seropositive for TBEV were found in Shimane Prefecture in Honshu and in several areas of Hokkaido Prefecture. These results emphasize the need for further epizootiological and epidemiological research of TBEV and preventive measures for emerging tick-borne encephalitis in Japan.  相似文献   

Remnants of the early solar system water enriched in heavy oxygen isotopes     

Sakamoto N  Seto Y  Itoh S  Kuramoto K  Fujino K  Nagashima K  Krot AN  Yurimoto H 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2007,317(5835):231-233

Oxygen isotopic composition of our solar system is believed to have resulted from mixing of two isotopically distinct nebular reservoirs, 16O-rich and (17,18)O-rich relative to Earth. The nature and composition of the (17,18)O-rich reservoir are poorly constrained. We report an in situ discovery of a chemically and isotopically unique material distributed ubiquitously in fine-grained matrix of a primitive carbonaceous chondrite Acfer 094. This material formed by oxidation of Fe,Ni-metal and sulfides by water either in the solar nebula or on a planetesimal. Oxygen isotopic composition of this material indicates that the water was highly enriched in 17O and 18O (delta(17,18)O(SMOW) = +180 per thousand per mil), providing the first evidence for an extremely (17,18)O-rich reservoir in the early solar system.  相似文献   

Evaluation of feeding value of forage soybean silage as a substitute for wheat bran in sheep     

Eiko Touno  Makoto Kaneko  Sunao Uozumi  Hidenori Kawamoto  Shin Deguchi 《Animal Science Journal》2014,85(1):46-52

Twelve sheep were used in a 3 × 3 Latin square design to evaluate the effect of substituting wheat bran with forage soybean silage in the diet on apparent digestibility and nitrogen balance. Forage soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) was cultivated in a no‐till, no‐herbicide cropping system with Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) as a living mulch. Forage soybean and Italian ryegrass were wilted and ensiled in round bales without additives, respectively. The experimental diets were based on corn silage supplemented with protein sources (tow silages or wheat bran). The crude protein and the acid detergent insoluble protein contents of forage soybean silage were the highest among the protein sources. The apparent digestibility of crude protein and the nitrogen balance did not significantly differ among the diets. In addition, the phytoestrogen content of forage soybean silage was below the level at which animal reproductive performance would be negatively affected. These results suggest that forage soybean silage has comparable feeding value to wheat bran, and can be given at an inclusion level of 17% (dry matter basis) as an alternative protein source to wheat bran without adverse effects on digestion or nitrogen balance in sheep fed a corn silage‐based diet.  相似文献   

Cassava starch factory residues in the diet of slow-growing broilers     

Karla Paola Picoli  Alice Eiko Murakami  Ricardo Vianna Nunes  Cristiane Regina do Amaral Duarte  Cinthia Eyng  Ivan Camilo Ospina-Rojas 《Tropical animal health and production》2014,46(8):1371-1381

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of inclusion of dehydrated cassava starch residue (DCSR) on the performance, gastrointestinal tract characteristics and carcass traits of ISA Label JA57 slow-growing broilers. A total of 510 broilers at 21 were distributed in a randomized experimental design with 5 treatments (2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 % DCSR inclusion) and a control group, 5 replicates, and 17 birds per experimental unit. The DCSR inclusion from 21 to 49 days of age negatively influenced (P?P?>?0.05) feed conversion in the broilers with increasing of DCSR inclusion. From 21 to 79 days, DCSR inclusion impaired (P?P?P?P?>?0.05) the other parameters of carcass quality and yield, cuts, and percentage of abdominal fat. In conclusion, DCSR inclusion levels above 2 % compromised broiler performance.  相似文献   

Subfornical organ neurons projecting to the hypothalamic supraoptic nucleus in the rat     

J Tanaka  H Kaba  H Saito  K Seto  Y Sakuma 《Nippon juigaku zasshi. The Japanese journal of veterinary science》1986,48(4):813-816

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Isolation of a novel mutant gene for soil-surface rooting in rice (Oryza sativa L.)     

Eiko Hanzawa  Kazuhiro Sasaki  Shinsei Nagai  Mitsuhiro Obara  Yoshimichi Fukuta  Yusaku Uga  Akio Miyao  Hirohiko Hirochika  Atsushi Higashitani  Masahiko Maekawa  Tadashi Sato 《Rice》2013,6(1):30

Background

Root system architecture is an important trait affecting the uptake of nutrients and water by crops. Shallower root systems preferentially take up nutrients from the topsoil and help avoid unfavorable environments in deeper soil layers. We have found a soil-surface rooting mutant from an M₂ population that was regenerated from seed calli of a japonica rice cultivar, Nipponbare. In this study, we examined the genetic and physiological characteristics of this mutant.

Results

The primary roots of the mutant showed no gravitropic response from the seedling stage on, whereas the gravitropic response of the shoots was normal. Segregation analyses by using an F₂ population derived from a cross between the soil-surface rooting mutant and wild-type Nipponbare indicated that the trait was controlled by a single recessive gene, designated as sor1. Fine mapping by using an F₂ population derived from a cross between the mutant and an indica rice cultivar, Kasalath, revealed that sor1 was located within a 136-kb region between the simple sequence repeat markers RM16254 and 2935-6 on the terminal region of the short arm of chromosome 4, where 13 putative open reading frames (ORFs) were found. We sequenced these ORFs and detected a 33-bp deletion in one of them, Os04g0101800. Transgenic plants of the mutant transformed with the genomic fragment carrying the Os04g0101800 sequence from Nipponbare showed normal gravitropic responses and no soil-surface rooting.

Conclusion

These results suggest that sor1, a rice mutant causing soil-surface rooting and altered root gravitropic response, is allelic to Os04g0101800, and that a 33-bp deletion in the coding region of this gene causes the mutant phenotypes.  相似文献   

rDNA-based characterization of a new binucleate Rhizoctonia spp. causing root rot on kale in Brazil     

Eiko E. Kuramae  Alexandre L. Buzeto  Andreia K. Nakatani  Nilton L. Souza 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2007,119(4):469-475

In this paper we present the first report of the occurrence of a binucleate Rhizoctonia spp. causing hypocotyl and root rot in kale in Brazil. Rhizoctonia spp. were isolated from kale (Brassica oleracea var. acephala) with symptoms of hypocotyl and root rot. The isolates, characterized as binucleate Rhizoctonia spp., did not show an anastomosis reaction with any of the binucleate Rhizoctonia spp. testers used. The pathogenicity of the isolates was tested under greenhouse conditions; all isolates were pathogenic and showed different symptom severities on kale. The ITS-5.8S rDNA sequences of kale isolates and 50 testers (25 binucleate Rhizoctonia spp. and 25 Rhizoctonia solani) were compared in order to characterize the genetic identity of Rhizoctonia spp. infecting kale. The kale isolates showed genetic identities ranging from 99.3 to 99.8% and were phylogenetically closely related to CAG 7 (AF354084), with identities of 98.5 and 98.7%. It is suggested that the binucleate Rhizoctonia spp. causing hypocotyl and root rot on kale Brazil comprises a new AG not yet described.  相似文献   

Characterization of Rhizoctonia solani Associated with Soybean in Brazil     

Roseli Chela Fenille  Nilton Luiz de Souza  Eiko Eurya Kuramae 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2002,108(8):783-792

Rhizoctonia solani causes pre- and post-emergence damping-off, root and hypocotyl rot and foliar blight in soybean. Foliar blight has resulted in yield losses of 31–60% in north and northeast Brazil. The aim of this study was to characterize isolates of R. solani associated with soybean in Brazil. Among 73 Rhizoctonia isolates examined, six were binucleate and 67 were multinucleate. The multinucleate iso1ates were characterized according to hyphal anastomosis reaction, mycelial growth rate, thiamine requirement, sclerotia production, and RAPD molecular markers. Four isolates that caused hypocotyl rot belonged to AG-4 and using RAPD analysis they grouped together with the HGI subgroup. Another isolate that caused root and hypocotyl rots was thiamine auxotrophic, grew at 35°C, and belonged to AG-2-2 IIIB. All 62 isolates that caused foliar blight belonged to AG-1 IA. RAPD analysis of R. solani AG-1 IA soybean isolates showed high genetic similarity to a tester strain of AG-1 IA, confirming their classification. The teleomorph of R. solani, Thanatephorus cucumeris was produced in vitro by one AG-1 IA isolate from soybean. The AG-4 and AG-2-2 IIIB isolates caused damping-off and root and hypocotyl rots of soybean seedlings cv. FT-Cristalina, under greenhouse conditions. The AG-2-2 IIIB isolate caused large lesions on the cortex tissue, that was distinct from the symptoms caused by AG-4 isolates. The AG-1 IA isolates caused foliar blight in adult soybean plants cv. Xingu under the greenhouse and also in a detached-leaf assay.  相似文献