A new insight into cystatin C contained in milk basic protein to bone metabolism: Effects on osteoclasts and osteoblastic MC3T3‐E1 cells in vitro          下载免费PDF全文

Takehiko Yasueda  Yusuke Abe  Mayumi Shiba  Yoshie Kamo  Yasuyuki Seto 《Animal Science Journal》2018,89(7):1027-1032

A milk protein fraction possessing alkaline isoelectric points (milk basic protein [MBP]) improves bone metabolism in vivo, and it inhibits bone resorption by osteoclasts and promotes mouse osteoblastic MC3T3‐E1 cells proliferation in vitro. Cystatin C (CysC) is a component of MBP and shows bone resorption inhibitory activity. Therefore, it is likely that MBP with higher CysC content improves bone metabolism more effectively. In this study, we prepared MBP with low and high contents of CysC and compared its effects on bone metabolism with standard MBP in vitro. Our results showed that the CysC content in MBP was positively related to not only bone resorption inhibitory activity but also MC3T3‐E1 cells proliferative activity. Furthermore, purified CysC stimulated MC3T3‐E1 cells proliferation. These results indicate that CysC contributes to promotion of MC3T3‐E1 cells proliferation, and MBP with higher CysC content shows enhanced bone resorption inhibitory activity and MC3T3‐E1 cells proliferative activity. CysC is considered an important factor in the effect on bone metabolism of MBP.  相似文献   

The combined effect of clothianidin and environmental stress on the behavioral and reproductive function in male mice     

Tetsushi HIRANO  Shogo YANAI  Takuya OMOTEHARA  Rie HASHIMOTO  Yuria UMEMURA  Naoto KUBOTA  Kiichi MINAMI  Daichi NAGAHARA  Eiko MATSUO  Yoshiko AIHARA  Ryota SHINOHARA  Tomoyuki FURUYASHIKI  Youhei MANTANI  Toshifumi YOKOYAMA  Hiroshi KITAGAWA  Nobuhiko HOSHI 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2015,77(10):1207-1215

Neonicotinoids, some of the most widely used pesticides in the world, act as agonists to the nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) of insects, resulting in death from abnormal excitability. Neonicotinoids unexpectedly became a major topic as a compelling cause of honeybee colony collapse disorder, which is damaging crop production that requires pollination worldwide. Mammal nAChRs appear to have a certain affinity for neonicotinoids with lower levels than those of insects; there is thus rising concern about unpredictable adverse effects of neonicotinoids on vertebrates. We hypothesized that the effects of neonicotinoids would be enhanced under a chronic stressed condition, which is known to alter the expression of targets of neonicotinoids, i.e., neuronal nAChRs. We performed immunohistochemical and behavioral analyses in male mice actively administered a neonicotinoid, clothianidin (CTD; 0, 10, 50 and 250 mg/kg/day), for 4 weeks under an unpredictable chronic stress procedure. Vacuolated seminiferous epithelia and a decrease in the immunoreactivity of the antioxidant enzyme glutathione peroxidase 4 were observed in the testes of the CTD+stress mice. In an open field test, although the locomotor activities were not affected, the anxiety-like behaviors of the mice were elevated by both CTD and stress. The present study demonstrates that the behavioral and reproductive effects of CTD become more serious in combination with environmental stress, which may reflect our actual situation of multiple exposure.  相似文献   

Ontogenic and morphological study of gonadal formation in genetically-modified sex reversal XYPOS mice     

Yuria UMEMURA  Ryosuke MIYAMOTO  Rie HASHIMOTO  Kyoko KINOSHITA  Takuya OMOTEHARA  Daichi NAGAHARA  Tetsushi HIRANO  Naoto KUBOTA  Kiichi MINAMI  Shogo YANAI  Natsumi MASUDA  Hideto YUASA  Youhei MANTANI  Eiko MATSUO  Toshifumi YOKOYAMA  Hiroshi KITAGAWA  Nobuhiko HOSHI 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2015,77(12):1587-1598

Mammalian sexual fate is determined by the presence or absence of sex determining region of the Y chromosome (Sry) in the “bipotential” gonads. Recent studies have demonstrated that both male and female sexual development are induced by distinct and active genetic pathways. Breeding the Y chromosome from Mus m. domesticus poschiavinus (POS) strains into C57BL/6J (B6J) mice (B6J-XY^POS) has been shown to induce sex reversal (75%: bilateral ovary, 25%: true hermaphrodites). However, our B6N-XY^POS mice, which were generated by backcrossing of B6J-XY^POS on an inbred B6N-XX, develop as males (36%: bilateral testis with fertility as well as bilateral ovary (34%), and the remainder develop as true hermaphrodites. Here, we investigated in detail the expressions of essential sex-related genes and histological features in B6N-XY^POS mice from the fetal period to adulthood. The onsets of both Sry and SRY-box 9 (Sox9) expressions as determined spatiotemporally by whole-mount immunohistochemistry in the B6N-XY^POS gonads occurred 2–3 tail somites later than those in B6N-XY^B6 gonads, but earlier than those in B6J-XY^POS, respectively. It is possible that such a small difference in timing of the Sry expression underlies testicular development in our B6N-XY^POS. Our study is the first to histologically show the expression and ectopic localization of a female-related gene in the XY^POS testes and a male-related gene in the XY^POS ovaries. The results from these and previous experiments indicate that the interplay between genome variants, epigenetics and developmental gene regulation is crucial for testis development.  相似文献   

Distribution of amylose,nitrogen, and minerals in rice kernels with various characters   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

Itani T  Tamaki M  Arai E  Horino T 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2002,50(19):5326-5332

The distribution of chemical constituents is known not to be even within a rice kernel. To improve the eating quality of rice or to give it some special traits by adjusting the milling intensity, we investigated the distribution of amylose, nitrogen (N), and specific minerals (P, K, Mg, Ca, and Mn) in rice kernels of 11 cultivars with various characteristics cultivated under similar conditions. The distributions of these constituents were determined using flour samples prepared consecutively by abrasive milling from the outer to the inner portions of hulled rice. In all the cultivars tested, N and the minerals were found to be more abundant in the outer than in the inner portion, but amylose was rich in the inner portion. P, Mg, K, and Mn were extremely rich in the outer portion, while N and Ca were only relatively rich there. Koshihikari, which is the most popular cultivar in Japan because of its excellent eating quality, showed the highest Mg/K ratio in the outermost portion of polished rice. The color of flour samples became pure white going from outside portions toward the center of the kernel, even if the sample was from red rice or purple-black rice because only the surface of hulled rice contains pigments. These findings suggest that the outer portion contains various compounds other than starch and the inner portion contains relatively pure starch. Rice palatability and other characteristics can be improved through controlling the degree of milling using the biased distribution of chemical constituents within a rice kernel.  相似文献   

Techniques of noise abatement: control at the receiver     

Willian W. Seto 《Water, air, and soil pollution》1973,2(3):267-270

To protect the receivers, the human ears, from exposure to excessive noise the complete range of mechanical anti-noise ear protectors is outlined. The ear plugs, semi-inserts, ear muffs, and helmets are explained with respect to basic desirable features of an ideal ear protector. These ear protectors are ranked and compared. Finally, effective use of ear protectors is described.  相似文献   

Effect of bovine lactoferrin feeding on lipopolysaccharide-induced metabolic and hormonal disturbances in preruminant calves     

Shiro KUSHIBIKI  Hiroyuki SHINGU  Rika KAWASAKI  Tokushi KOMATSU  Fumiaki ITOH  Atsushi WATANABE  Eiko TOUNO  Akinori OSHIBE  Kazuo KATOH  Yoshiaki OBARA  Koichi HODATE 《Animal Science Journal》2008,79(3):375-381

One of the biological functions of bovine lactoferrin (LF) is modulation of the host defense system, including cytokine production and immune response. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of oral administration of LF in calves on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐induced metabolic and hormonal changes in inflammatory response. Thirty Holstein calves at 4 day of age were given one of three oral doses of LF (0, 1, 3 g/day) for 10 days (?10 day to ?1 day). They were injected i.v. with LPS (50 ng/kg bodyweight) the day (day 0) after the end of LF treatment. Plasma samples were obtained on ?10, 0 day (immediately before LPS injection), and at 2, 6, 12, 24, 48, 72, and 96 h after LPS injection. Plasma tumor necrosis factor‐α concentrations at 2 h after LPS treatment were lower (P < 0.05) in LF 1 g/day‐fed claves compared with LF 0 g/day (control) calves. On day 0 there were no significant group differences in plasma LF concentration. Plasma concentration of haptoglobin in control calves was elevated by LPS injection. In LF groups, plasma haptoglobin concentrations slightly increased after LPS injection, but those levels at 6–24 h were lower (P < 0.05) than in the control group. The LF treatment inhibited (P < 0.05) the reduction of plasma ferrin concentration in calves following LPS challenge. The concentration of plasma aspartate aminotransferase in calves treated with LF was lower (P < 0.05) than in control calves at 24–96 h after LPS treatment. The concentration of plasma insulin‐like growth factor‐1 (IGF‐1) in all groups was decreased by LPS treatment, while in the LF groups the IGF‐1 level was higher (P < 0.05) than in the control group. Plasma adrenocorticotropic hormone and insulin concentrations in LF groups were lower (P < 0.05) than in control calves at 2 h after LPS injection. These data suggest that LF has a substantial anti‐inflammatory effect on the modulation of the host defense system in preruminant calves.  相似文献   

Nutritional values and antioxidative activities of whole peanuts and peanut skins for ruminant feeds          下载免费PDF全文

Chihiro Saito  Sanae Asano  Chizuko Kato  Shintaro Kobayashi  Ayaka Musha  Hirotaka Kuribayashi  Shouhei Moriguchi  Yuuki Seto  Tasuku Kawashima  Masakazu Kobayashi  Shigenobu Ishizaki  Hiroshi Kajikawa 《Animal Science Journal》2016,87(1):54-60

This study was conducted to investigate the nutritive values of two peanut by‐products, nonstandardized whole peanuts and peanut skins, along with their effects on microbial growth and fermentation in the rumen, their roughage values, and their antioxidative activities by a digestion trial using four goats. The experimental rations were alfalfa haycube (basal ration), 85% alfalfa with 15% whole peanuts, and 70% alfalfa with 15% whole peanuts and 15% peanut skins. The ether extracts and crude protein in whole peanuts were 47% and 27% on a dry matter basis (DM) both with over 90% of digestibilities, resulting in total digestive nutrients (TDN) of 140%. Peanut skins also had a high energy value with 91% of TDN. Ruminal concentrations of total volatile fatty acids (VFA) and acetic acid decreased in the rations containing the peanut by‐products, but the NDF digestibility and ruminal microbial protein estimated from urinary purines was not altered by feeding the peanut by‐products. Plasma oxidative stress maker, malondialdehyde, tended to be lower when peanut skins were supplemented. Whole peanuts and peanut skins could be used as high‐energy and high‐protein diets for ruminants, and peanut skins would be expected as a feed having antioxidant functions.  相似文献   

Ant28 gene for proanthocyanidin synthesis encoding the R2R3 MYB domain protein (Hvmyb10) highly affects grain dormancy in barley     

Eiko Himi  Yuko Yamashita  Naoto Haruyama  Takashi Yanagisawa  Masahiko Maekawa  Shin Taketa 《Euphytica》2012,188(1):141-151

A number of anthocyanin- and proanthocyanidin-free mutants (ant mutants) in barley were induced and selected because of breeding interest to reduce proanthocyanidins, which could cause haze and degrade the quality of beer. Ant loci, known as anthocyanin or proanthocyanidin synthesis genes, are classified into Ant1 to Ant30 through allelism tests. However, only the Ant18 gene has been molecularly shown to encode dihydroflavonol 4-reductase (DFR), which is involved in both anthocyanin and proanthocyanidin synthesis. In this study, an R2R3 MYB gene of barley was isolated by PCR and named Hvmyb10 due to its similarity to Tamyb10 of wheat, which is a candidate for the R-1 gene grain color regulator. The predicted amino acid sequences of Hvmyb10 showed high similarity not only to Tamyb10 but also to TT2, the proanthocyanidin regulator of Arabidopsis. Non-synonymous nucleotide substitutions in the Hvmyb10 gene were found in all six ant28 mutants tested. Mapping showed that a polymorphism in Hvmyb10 perfectly cosegregated with the ant 28 phenotype on the distal region of the long arm of chromosome 3H. These results demonstrate that ant28 encodes Hvmyb10, the R2R3 MYB domain protein that regulates proanthocyanidin accumulation in developing grains. The reduced grain dormancy of ant28 mutants compared with those of the respective wild types indicates that Hvmyb10 is a key factor in grain dormancy in barley.  相似文献   

Immuno-magnetic separation and agar layer methods for the isolation of freeze-injured Yersinia enterocolitica O:8 from water     

Koujitani E  Horisaka T  Nomura Y  Hara-Kudo Y  Okatani AT  Iwata T  Kumagai S  Hayashidani H 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2006,68(3):195-199

To develop an effective method to isolate an injured pathogenic Yersinia enterocolitica O:8 organism from environmental samples, we compared the isolation of freeze-injured and non-injured Y. enterocolitica O:8 and found that the isolation was more successful when immuno-magnetic separation (IMS) with anti-Y. enterocolitica O:8 antibody was used. Plating onto cefsulodin-irgasan-novobiocin (CIN) agar and Virulent Yersinia enterocolitica (VYE) agar by means of the agar layer method was found to be effective in isolating the injured cells. The alkali treatment which is generally used for selective detection of Yersinia organism failed to isolate freeze-injured pathogenic Y. enterocolitica O:8 cells. Recovery methods without using the alkali treatment were superior for detecting freeze-injured Y. enterocolitica O:8. Our results demonstrate that the IMS and the agar layer methods should be used to isolate injured pathogenic Yersinia organisms from environmental samples such as water.  相似文献   

Cross protection in mice and swine immunized with live erysipelas vaccine to challenge exposure with strains of Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae of various serotypes   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

T Takahashi  M Takagi  T Sawada  K Seto 《American journal of veterinary research》1984,45(10):2115-2118

Mice and swine immunized subcutaneously with live vaccine prepared from acriflavine-fast attenuated Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae, strain Koganei (serotype 2), were challenge exposed to virulent strains of E rhusiopathiae of various serotypes. Vaccinated mice did not die after challenge exposure to serotypes 1a, 1b, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 11, 12, 15, 16, 18, 19, 21, or N, but 20% to 30% mortality occurred in vaccinated mice challenge exposed to serotypes 10, 14, 20, or 22. Nonvaccinated control mice died after challenge exposure to all serotypes tested. Vaccinated swine challenge exposed to strain 14B (serotype 9) or strain 2179 (serotype 10) developed localized urticarial lesions at the site of intradermal exposure. Vaccinated swine challenge exposed to serotypes 1a, 1b, 2, 5, 8, 11, 12, 18, 19, or 21 did not have clinical signs of acute erysipelas. Nonvaccinated control swine developed acute generalized erysipelas or localized lesions at the site of intradermal exposure.  相似文献