Phenolic compositions of grapes and wines from cultivar cabernet sauvignon produced in chile and their relationship to commercial value     

A Cáceres  A Peña-Neira  A Galvez  E Obreque-Slier  R López-Solís  JM Canals 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2012,60(35):8694-8702

The phenolic composition of wine depends on, among other factors, the grapes used to make it. In this sense, knowledge of the chemical composition of grapes and its association with the resulting wines is an important tool to determine if there is a relationship between the phenolic composition of grapes and the price that these wines obtain in the market. For this purpose, grape skins and seeds from the cultivar Cabernet Sauvignon from the central region of Chile, in 2009 and 2010 vintages from two ripening points, were subjected to chemical and phenolic analyses, as were the wines made from these grapes. Grapes and the corresponding wines from three retail price wine categories, U.S. $6-8, U.S. $28-30, and U.S. $150-160, were evaluated. No differences were found across the price categories in the chemical analysis of grapes. Berry skins and wines from the higher price categories presented a higher concentration only of total tannins, and the differences in their concentrations were only among the different fractions of proanthocyanidins in the skins, seeds, and wines; there were no differences in their proportions. A seasonal effect influenced the concentrations of certain compounds in grapes and led to a decrease in the concentration of total phenols, total tannins, and total anthocyanins between sampling dates as harvesting moved toward the common commercial grape harvest in Chilean viticulture.  相似文献   

Fertigation of humic substances improves yield and quality of broccoli and nutrient retention in a sandy soil   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

El‐Metwally Selim  Ahmed Ali Mosa 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》2012,175(2):273-281

There is lack of information available concerning the effect of humic substances (HS) applied via fertigation on plant growth in sandy soils. Therefore, a field experiment was carried out at El‐Saff district (20 km southwest of Cairo), Egypt, to investigate the role of HS fertigation on water retention of a sandy soil, yield and quality of broccoli (Broccoli oleracea L.) as well as on soil nutrient concentration retained after harvest. The experiment consisted of six fertigation treatments (50%, 75%, and 100% of the recommended NPK‐fertilizer rate for broccoli combined with and without HS application at 120 L ha^–1) in a complete randomized block design with three replicates. Humic substances affected spatial water distribution and improved water retention in the root zone. Furthermore, application of HS increased total marketable yield and head diameter of broccoli as well as quality parameters (i.e., total soluble solids, protein, and vitamin C). Higher nutrient concentrations were found in the broccoli heads and concentrations of plant‐available nutrients in soil after harvesting were also higher, indicating an improvement in soil fertility. In conclusion, HS fertigation can be judged as an interesting option to improve soil water and nutrient status leading to better plant growth.  相似文献   

Biochemical and sensory evaluation of wheat bran supplemented sorghum bread     

Mallasy LO  El Tinay AH  Ahmed AR 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》2002,57(1):63-71

Addition of wheat bran to sorghum flour (Dabar cultivar) at two extraction rates 72% and 80% resulted in lowering reducing sugars. The percent decreasewas 75.6% compared with the control at the end of fermentation period. There was a highly significant (p 0.05) increase in crude fiber content as a result of addition of wheat bran. The increase was from 0.8 to 5.2 and from 0.5 to 5.3% for the 80% S/WB and 72% S/WB blends, respectively. Sorghum bread containing wheat bran was lower in reducing sugars and showed a significant increase (p 0.05) in starch content. Sorghum bread containing wheat bran resulted in a lower in vitro protein and starch digestibilities.  相似文献   

Möglichkeiten und Genzen des integrierten Pflanzenschutzes im Gemüsebau     

A. El Titi  H. Steiner 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》1975,25(1):57-75

Since the presence of pest species on cultural plants does not mean always a real economical loss, crop loss assessment is to be considered the first step towards developing integrated control in vegetable crops. In our field-experiments there was no difference in the yield between treated and untreated cauliflowers or cabbage, inspite of a considerable attack ofErioischia brassicae Bouché in the area. Also the application of a herbicide (Aretit) to pea-culture did not increase the yield. Establishing the ‘economic threshold’ for potential pests is illustrated on the Cabbage maggot fly inBrassicas, and weeds in pea-culture. Different ways of helping to reduce the population density of a definite pest species were discussed: choosing the most adequate cultivation site, sanitary measures, intercrop relationships, using resistant crop varietes, choice and application of fertilizers. Biological control measures promise a good possibility:Aleochara-release againstE. brassicae in the UdSSR, sterile-male-technique against the onion fly in the Netherlands. Properties of pesticides allowed in integrated control programmes were discussed with examples: Non-persistance, high selectivity, accumulation-danger from previous crops etc. Lastly some problems caused by incorrect interpretation of the expression ‘integrated control’ as well as the possible limits of the procedure were discussed.  相似文献   

Leak syndrome of potato in Tunisia caused byPythium aphanidermatum andPythium ultimum     

M. A. Triki  Sylvie Priou  M. El Mahjoub  A. Baudry 《Potato Research》2001,44(3):221-231

Summary TwoPythium spp. were isolated from diseased tubers exhibiting rots at harvest, in summer stores and also in refrigerated storage. Symptoms shared features described for both pink rot caused byPhytophthora erythroseptica and leak caused byPythium spp. The causal agents were identified asPythium aphanidermatum andP. ultimum by morphological and physiological observations and by fingerprinting using oomycete specific primers to amplify the internal transcribed spacer (ITS1) within ribosomal DNAs. The optimum temperatures for infection were 30°C forP. aphanidermatum and 25°C forP. ultimum, corresponding to the optimum temperatures for growth in vitro. The optimum concentration for infection of tubers inoculated by dipping in a suspension of oospores or hyphal swellings after wounding was found to be 10³ reproductive organs/ml, whereas the infection threshold was 10 reproductive organs/ml.  相似文献   

Effects of soil solarization on soil-borne populations ofPythium aphanidermatum andFusarium solani and on the potato crop in Tunisia     

M. A. Triki  Sylvie Priou  M. El Mahjoub 《Potato Research》2001,44(3):271-279

Summary Soil solarization by mulching with polyethylene for 60 days during summer in Tunisia, was effective in reducing dramatically to a depth of 30 cm inoculum levels ofFusarium solani (Fs) from 3,000 to 450 propagules gram⁻¹ of dry soil. Population densities ofPythium aphanidermatum (Pa) were reduced from 1,700 and 3,000 to 0.5 and 1 propagule gram⁻¹ of dry soil in the top 15 cm and at 1–30 cm depth, respectively. After a subsequent autumn potato crop, populations ofPa remained very low in the previously solarized soil whereas propagule density in non-solarized soils was similar to the initial density. Also, inoculum level ofFs increased by 40% in nonsolarized soils while it remained unchanged in solarized soils, suggesting microbial processes that prevented soil reinfestation. All the annual weeds were eradicated by solar heating but not the perennial weedConvolvulus arvensis. Potato plant growth and yields were improved in solarized plots.  相似文献   

Genetic Structure of Severe Combined Immunodeficiency Carrier Horses in Morocco Inferred by Microsatellite Data     

Mohammed Piro  Abdelaziz Benjouad  Abdelghafor Karom  Ahmed NabichNoureddine Benbihi  Khalid El Allali  Mohammed Machmoum  Lahoussine Ouragh 《Journal of Equine Veterinary Science》2011,31(11):618-624

A total of 17 microsatellite deoxyribonucleic acid loci used routinely for horse parentage control were used to evaluate genetic diversity among normal Arabian horses and severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) carrier Arabian horses (ArS) and normal Arab-Barb horses and SCID carrier Arab-Barb horses (ArbeS). On the basis of the genotype of 186 horses, mean allelic diversity was estimated as 6.82, 5.53, and 6.7059 in normal Arabian horses, ArS, and for both groups of Arab-Barb horses, respectively. Five specific alleles were observed in ArS and ArbeS, with one common with ArS at HMS6, whereas five alleles common between ArS and ArbeS had a high frequency. Expected and observed heterozygosity showed great heterogeneity in the population studied and were similar or higher when compared with other studies on Arabian horses. Coefficient of gene differentiation G_st of Nei associated with Nei’s genetic distance and multivariate correspondence analysis indicated a possible differentiation between the studied populations when analyzed separately according to breed. Probability of assignment of a horse to a specific group was assessed using a full and partial Bayesian approach. In all, 80.6% of Arab horses and 78.2% of Arab-Barb horses were assigned properly with a partial Bayesian test, which provided better results than the full one. These findings will be useful for identification of SCID carrier horses by using the microsatellite deoxyribonucleic acid loci used routinely for horse parentage control in our laboratory.  相似文献   

Evaluation of efficacy of several disinfectants against Campylobacter jejuni strains by a suspension test     

Gutiérrez-Martín CB  Yubero S  Martínez S  Frandoloso R  Rodríguez-Ferri EF 《Research in veterinary science》2011,91(3):e44-e47

The objective of this study was to determine the efficacy of 16 active compounds and 11 commercial disinfectants against Campylobacter jejuni. Two reference strains (one of avian origin and the other isolated from bovine) and two avian field strains were tested in suspension test in the presence and absence of serum. Chloramine-T, povidone–iodine (1% available iodine), cetylpiridinium chloride, ethanol, isopropanol, chlorhexidine digluconate, formaldehyde, phenol, and 10 of the 11 commercial formulations (eight of them based on quaternary ammonium compounds) showed an excellent disinfectant capability, resulting in the highest level of reduction (>6-log₁₀) in colony-forming units of the four C. jejuni strains compared regardless of the presence or absence of organic material. These compounds might be helpful in the adoption of environmental control measures against C. jejuni.  相似文献   

A scenario tree model for the Canadian Notifiable Avian Influenza Surveillance System and its application to estimation of probability of freedom and sample size determination     

Christensen J  Stryhn H  Vallières A  El Allaki F 《Preventive veterinary medicine》2011,99(2-4):161-175

In 2008, Canada designed and implemented the Canadian Notifiable Avian Influenza Surveillance System (CanNAISS) with six surveillance activities in a phased-in approach. CanNAISS was a surveillance system because it had more than one surveillance activity or component in 2008: passive surveillance; pre-slaughter surveillance; and voluntary enhanced notifiable avian influenza surveillance. Our objectives were to give a short overview of two active surveillance components in CanNAISS; describe the CanNAISS scenario tree model and its application to estimation of probability of populations being free of NAI virus infection and sample size determination. Our data from the pre-slaughter surveillance component included diagnostic test results from 6296 serum samples representing 601 commercial chicken and turkey farms collected from 25 August 2008 to 29 January 2009. In addition, we included data from a sub-population of farms with high biosecurity standards: 36,164 samples from 55 farms sampled repeatedly over the 24 months study period from January 2007 to December 2008. All submissions were negative for Notifiable Avian Influenza (NAI) virus infection. We developed the CanNAISS scenario tree model, so that it will estimate the surveillance component sensitivity and the probability of a population being free of NAI at the 0.01 farm-level and 0.3 within-farm-level prevalences. We propose that a general model, such as the CanNAISS scenario tree model, may have a broader application than more detailed models that require disease specific input parameters, such as relative risk estimates.  相似文献   

New Bruce-ladder multiplex PCR assay for the biovar typing of Brucella suis and the discrimination of Brucella suis and Brucella canis     

López-Goñi I  García-Yoldi D  Marín CM  de Miguel MJ  Barquero-Calvo E  Guzmán-Verri C  Albert D  Garin-Bastuji B 《Veterinary microbiology》2011,154(1-2):152-155

Rapid and specific identification of Brucella suis at the biovar level is necessary because some of the biovars that infect animals are pathogenic for humans. None of the molecular typing methods described so far are able to discriminate B. suis biovars in a single test and differentiation of B. suis from Brucella canis by molecular approaches can be difficult. This article describes a new multiplex PCR assay, Suis-ladder, for fast and accurate identification of B. suis at the biovar level and the differentiation of B. suis, B. canis and Brucella microti. An advancement of the original Bruce-ladder PCR protocol which allows the correct discrimination of all known Brucella species is also described.  相似文献