Genetic diversity studies and screening for rice stem borer (Chilo Agamemnon) resistance in six Egyptian rice cultivars (Oryza sativa L.) using DNA based-markers     

Moghaieb  Reda E. A.  Khashaba  Etr H. K.  Abd El Azim  Amany M.  Ibrahim  Sanaa A. 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2021,68(6):2313-2323

Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution - In order to assess the genetic diversity among six Egyptian rice cultivars and developing cultivars resistant to different rice stem borers, random amplified...  相似文献   

Discriminant analysis of selected yield components and fatty acid composition of chosen Triticum monococcum, Triticum dicoccum and Triticum spelta accessions     

Elżbieta Suchowilska  Marian Wiwart  Zbigniew Borejszo  Danuta Packa  Wolfgang Kandler  Rudolf Krska 《Journal of Cereal Science》2009

This study analyses the variability of key yield components, the content of protein and crude fat in grain and the fatty acid composition of 50 spring accessions of Triticum monococcum, Triticum dicoccum and Triticum spelta of various origins. The average protein content of the grain of T. monococcum was 20.8%, of T. dicoccum 19.7%, and of spelt 17.0%. The crude fat content of T. monococcum grain (2.7%) was significantly higher compared with T. spelta (2.4%) and T. dicoccum (2.3%). In crude fat, fatty acids C18:2, C18:1 and C16 predominated. T. spelta was characterised by the highest concentrations of C18:2 and C16 (55.89% and 18.77% respectively), while T. monococcum had the highest content of C18:1 (26.35%). The structure of analysed fatty acids proved to be highly desirable in this species. A discriminant analysis performed separately for five variables: protein and fat content and three biometrical characters and separately for fatty acid composition enabled three Triticum species to be distinguished. These species also differed significantly with respect to the C18:1/C16 ratio which was equal to 1.78, 1.06, 1.47 and 0.99 in T. monococcum, T. dicoccum, T. spelta and Triticum aestivum respectively.  相似文献   

Attraction and antennal response of the common wasp,Vespula vulgaris (L.), to selected synthetic chemicals in New Zealand beech forests     

Ashraf M El‐Sayed  Lee‐Anne Manning  C Rikard Unelius  Kye Chung Park  Lloyd D Stringer  Nicola White  Barry Bunn  Andrew Twidle  David M Suckling 《Pest management science》2009,65(9):975-981

BACKGROUND: The common wasp, Vespula vulgaris (L.), and the German wasp, Vespula germanica (F.), are significant problems in New Zealand beech forests (Nothofagus spp.), adversely affecting native birds and invertebrate biodiversity. This work was undertaken to develop synthetic attractants for these species to enable more efficient monitoring and management. RESULTS: Seven known wasp attractants (acetic acid, butyl butyrate, isobutanol, heptyl butyrate, octyl butyrate and 2,4‐hexadienyl butyrate) were field tested, and only heptyl butyrate and octyl butyrate attracted significantly higher numbers of wasps than a non‐baited trap. Accordingly, a series of straight‐chain esters from methyl to decyl butyrate were prepared and field tested for attraction of social wasps. Peak biological activity occurred with hexyl butyrate, heptyl butyrate, octyl butyrate and nonyl butyrate. Polyethylene bags emitting approximately 18.4–22.6 mg day^?1 of heptyl butyrate were more attractive than polyethylene bags emitting approximately 14.7–16.8 mg day^?1 of heptyl butyrate in the field. Electroantennogram (EAG) studies indicated that queens and workers of V. vulgaris had olfactory receptor neurons responding to various aliphatic butyrates. CONCLUSION: These results are the first to be reported on the EAG response and the attraction of social wasps to synthetic chemicals in New Zealand beech forests and will enable monitoring of social wasp activity in beech forests. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry  相似文献   

Significance of nitrogen fixation in fish ponds     

M.I. El Samra  János Oláh 《Aquaculture (Amsterdam, Netherlands)》1979,18(4):367-372

The magnitude of nitrogen fixation in an inorganic fertilized and cereal fed system (fish pond) was measured by an in situ application of the acetylene reduction method. The effects of inorganic fertilization were intensively examined. In comparison with natural lakes, the fish ponds exhibited a relatively low fixation rate. The midday nitrogen fixation rate was usually less than 30 μg at N·m^?2·h^?1. The total income was equal to 5.7 kg N·ha^?1 or 0.575 g N·m^?2 for the growing season. Fish-induced bioperturbation and nitrogen fertilization, in the form of inorganic and organic fertilizers and foods, are considered to be the major regulatory factors in nitrogen fixation.  相似文献   

Recent research in Roumania on blackleg and bacterial soft rot of potato     

I. Lazâr  El. Bucur 《Potato Research》1964,7(2):102-111

Summary Potato blackleg has been known in Roumania for more than 35 years, but has become increasingly serious in recent times. The disease is mainly restricted to the central and northern regions, which have a rainy climate with moderate temperatures. In areas where the climate is warm and dry, the disease appears only sporadically, and even then, its development is slow. The principal means of transmission of the disease from one year to another is by infected tubers, the causal organ does not persist long in unsterile soil. Potato blackleg and soft rot in Roumania is produced not only byE. atroseptica, for an important part in the disease complex especially in storage is played by the bacteriaE. carotovora andE. aroideae. E. atroseptica, owing to its special preference for the stems of the plants, is considered as the principal pathogenic agent, while the other two organisms occur more frequently in the tubers. It is considered that the divergent characteristics of the organisms justify keeping them as two or even three separate species and not as variants of a single species.

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Zusammenfassung In den Jahren 1961 bis 1963 wurden am Biologischen Institut Traian Savulescu in Bukarest, Rum?nien, Untersuchungen durchgeführt über die Verbreitung der Schwarzbeinigkeit bei Kartoffeln im Zusammenhang mit den klimatischen Verh?ltnissen in Rum?nien, mit den Bedingungen, unter welchen die Infektion und die übertragung der Krankheit stattfindet, mit der Etiologie der Krankheit in Rum?nien und mit gewissen charakteristischen Eigenschaften der Krankheitserreger. Kartoffel-Schwarzbeinigkeit ist in Rum?nien schon seit mehr als 35 Jahren bekannt, aber in letzter Zeit hat sie ernstere Formen angenommen. Die Infektion im Feld schwankt von 1–15% und nimmt w?hrend der Lagerung zu. Die Krankheit beschr?nkt sich haupts?chlich auf die zentralen und n?rdlichen Regionen des Landes, wo ein regnerisches Klima mit m?ssigen Temperaturen vorherrscht. Im Süden, wo Frühling und Sommer in der Regel heiss und trocken sind, scheint sie eigentlich nicht vorzukommen, selbst nicht in Feldern, die mit Knollen aus befallenen Gebieten bepflanzt sind. Es ist festgestellt worden, dass die übertragung dieser Krankheit von einem Jahr auf das andere haupts?chlich durch befallene Knollen geschieht. Der Boden bildet nur in dem Mass eine Infektionsquelle, als er nicht verfaulte Reste von kranken Pflanzen enth?lt. Es wurde dargelegt, dass die Bakterien in nicht sterilem Boden ihre überlebensf?higkeit rasch verlieren (Tabelle 1). Was die Etiologie der Schwarzbeinigkeit betrifft, wurde herausgefunden, dass nebenErwinia atroseptica—in Rum?nien bis jetzt als die einzige Ursache dieser Krankheit angenommen — auchE. carotovora undE. aroideae, speziell w?hrend der Lagerung, eine wichtige Rolle im Krankheitskomplex spielen. Unsere Beobachtungen und Untersuchungen haben ergeben, dassE. atroseptica der Hauptkrankheitserreger im Feld ist, der besonders die Stengel bef?llt. Die beiden andern Bakterien kommen ebenfalls vor, doch werden sie gew?hnlich auf den Knollen am Lager gefunden, wo sie — unter günstigen Bedingungen — einen viel h?ufigeren Befall erzeugen k?nnen alsE. atroseptica. Es wurde festgestellt, dass sowohl Eigenschaften, wie der Grad der Pathogenit?t an Stengeln und Knollen, Reaktionen auf Zuckern und besonders das Verhalten auf Maltose und auf durchtr?nktes Korn-Pepton-Glukose-Agar-Medium, das Wachstum bei hohen Temperaturen (Tabelle 2) und serologische Reaktionen (Tabelle 3) wie auch toxische und immunologische Wirkungen auf Tiere bei der Unterscheidung der drei Bakterien von Nutzen sind. Es wird darauf hingewiesen, dass die hier berichteten Ergebnisse die Ansicht jener Forscher best?rken und rechtfertigen, die glauben, dass die drei Bakterien als verschiedene Arten betrachtet werden sollten.

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Résumé A l'Institut de Biologie Traian Savulescu à Bucarest. Roumanie, les recherches suivantes ont été effectuées durant la période 1961–1963; l'apparition de la maladie de la jambe noire en relation avec les conditions climatiques en Roumanie, les conditions sous lesquelles ont lieu l'infection et la transmission de la maladie, l'étiologie de la maladie en Roumanie et certains caractères des pathogènes. La jambe noire de la Pomme de terre est connue en Roumanie depuis plus de 35 ans mais est devenue progressivement grave dans les derniers temps. L'infection dans les champs varie de 1 à 15% et augmente pendant la conservation. La maladie est essentiellement limitée aux régions du centre et du nord du pays qui ont un climat pluvieux et des températures modérées. Dans le sud, où le printemps et l'été sont habituellement chauds et secs, la jambe noire semble être réellement absente, même dans les champs plantés avec des tubercules provenant de régions infectées. Il a été établi que la transmission de la maladie d'une année à l'autre a lieu principalement par les tubercules infectés, le sol étant la source d'infection dans la seule mesure où il contient des restes non détruits de plantes malades. Il a été démontré que les bactéries perdent rapidement leur viabilité dans les sols non stériles (Tableau 1). Concernant l'étiologie de la jambe noire, on a trouvé que outreErwinia atroseptica que, jusqu'à présent, on croyait être la seule cause de la maladie en Roumanie,E. carotovora etE. aroideae jouent également un r?le important, spécialement pendant la conservation. Selon nos observations et expériences,E. atroseptica est le principal agent pathogène dans le champ, montrant une préférence marquée pour les tiges, tandis qu'apparaissent aussi les deux autres bactéries qui, toutefois, sont plus communément trouvées sur les tubercules pendant la conservation; à ce moment, sous des conditions favorables, les attaques de ces dernières peuvent être beaucoup plus grandes que celles deE. atroseptica. Les déterminations des comportements suivants se sont révélées pleinement utiles pour différencier les trois bactéries: les degrés d'attaques sur tiges et tubercules, les réactions sur sucres et spécialement leurs réactions sur maltose et sur milieu agar glucose peptone de grains trempés, leur développement à hautes températures (Tpableau 2) et leurs réactions sérologiques (Tpableau 3) aussi bien comme effets toxiques qu'immunologiques sur les animaux. Les résultats rapportés ici prouvent et développent les vues de ces chercheurs qui croient que les trois bactéries seraient à considérer comme espèces séparées.

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Paper read to the Pathology Section of the Second Triennial Conference of the European Association for Potato Research, Italy, September 1963.  相似文献   

Analysis of genomic mutation and immunohistochemistry of platelet‐derived growth factor receptors in canine vascular tumours          下载免费PDF全文

S. Abou Asa  T. Mori  K. Maruo  A. Khater  A. El‐sawak  E. Abd el‐Aziz  T. Yanai  H. Sakai 《Veterinary and comparative oncology》2015,13(3):237-245

We examined whether mutation of the platelet‐derived growth factor receptor protein tyrosine kinase (PDGFR)‐α and PDGFR‐β genes contributes to their overexpression in canine vascular tumours. Genomic sequences of trans‐ or juxtamembrane regions of PDGFR‐α and PDGFR‐β were analysed with immunohistochemical staining and polymerase chain reaction‐direct sequencing using DNA from paraffin‐embedded neoplastic tissues of 27 hemangiosarcomas (HSAs) and 20 hemangiomas (HAs). Immunohistochemically, 75% of the HA cases were positive for PDGFR‐α and almost most of the HA cases were negative for PDGFR‐β. Of the HSA cases, 55.6% were negative for PDGFR‐α and 63% were strongly positive for PDGFR‐β. Among the HA cases, 1 missense mutation was detected in PDGFR‐α exon 18 and 1 in PDGFR‐β exon 17. Two HSA cases had missense mutations in exon 14 and 1 in exon 17 of PDGFR‐β. Thus, genomic mutation of trans‐ or juxtamembrane regions of PDGFRs was not the main mechanism driving the activation of receptors in HSA and HA.  相似文献   

Metabolic Profiling and In Vitro Assessment of the Biological Activities of the Ethyl Acetate Extract of Penicillium chrysogenum “Endozoic of Cliona sp. Marine Sponge” from the Red Sea (Egypt)     

Muneera S. M. Al-Saleem  Wafaa H. B. Hassan  Zeinab I. El Sayed  Mahmoud M. Abdel-Aal  Wael M. Abdel-Mageed  Eman Abdelsalam  Sahar Abdelaziz 《Marine drugs》2022,20(5)

Marine sponge-derived endozoic fungi have been gaining increasing importance as promising sources of numerous and unique bioactive compounds. This study investigates the phytochemical profile and biological activities of the ethyl acetate extract of Penicillium chrysogenum derived from Cliona sp. sponge. Thirty-six compounds were tentatively identified from P. chrysogenum ethyl acetate extract along with the kojic acid (KA) isolation. The UPLC-ESI-MS/MS positive ionization mode was used to analyze and identify the extract constituents while 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy were used for kojic acid (KA) structure confirmation. The antimicrobial, antioxidant, and cytotoxic activities were assessed in vitro. Both the extract and kojic acid showed potent antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa with MIC 250 ± 0.82 µg/mL. Interestingly, the extract showed strong antifungal activity against Candida albicans and Cryptococcus neoformans with MIC 93.75 ± 0.55 and 19.53 ± 0.48 µg/mL, respectively. Furthermore, KA showed the same potency against Fusarium oxysporum and Cryptococcus neoformans with MIC 39.06 ± 0.85 and 39.06 ± 0.98 µg/mL, respectively. Ultimately, KA showed strong antioxidant activity with IC₅₀ 33.7 ± 0.8 µg/mL. Moreover, the extract and KA showed strong cytotoxic activity against colon carcinoma (with IC₅₀ 22.6 ± 0.8 and 23.4 ± 1.4 µg/mL, respectively) and human larynx carcinoma (with equal IC₅₀ 30.8 ± 1.3 and ± 2.1 µg/mL, respectively), respectively. The current study represents the first insights into the phytochemical profile and biological properties of P. chrysoenum ethyl acetate extract, which could be a promising source of valuable secondary metabolites with potent biological potentials.  相似文献   

Effect of Water Stress on the Lipid and Fatty Acid Composition of Sweet Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.)     

H. El Sayed   《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》1992,169(3):161-168

Sweet pepper ( Capsicum annuum L.) plants were grown under field irrigation and dryland conditions. Stress was imposed 12 d after planting by withholding water for 8 d, and seedlings were harvested for analysis 20 d after planting. In stressed plants, leaf water potential dropped from -0.65 to - 1.03 MPa and water saturation deficit increased by 40 %; plant height did not show a significant reduction. The fresh and dry weights of stressed seedlings and their ratio decreased. The total lipid and total phosphorus contents of stressed seedlings decreased by about 43 % and 71 %, respectively, in comparison to the contents of the watered seedlings. The diacylglycerol, free fatty acid and total polar lipid contents decreased significantly with stress, the last mentioned by more than 50 % in phospholipid levels. Glycolipid levels; were unchanged and the amount of triacylglycerol increase by about 30 % over the control.
Despite the differences found in the fatty acid composition of various lipid classes and between treatments, the degree of unsaturation did not change significantly either in control or stressed seedlings. Under stress conditions, free sterol levels increased without showing any change in the ratio of 'more planar' to 'less planar' sterols. The increase in free sterols and the decrease in phospholipid levels under water deficit conditions raised the sterol/phospholipid molar ratio 3-fold. The different responses of the lipid classes to water deficits and their possible significance are discussed.  相似文献   

Dominance and mating behavior of rams under paddock conditions     

S. El Kaschab  E. Kallweit 《Reproduction in domestic animals》1988,23(4):203-208

Contents A total of 30 ewes in three-sire or four-sire breeding pens were observed continously during daylight for four consecutive days of a synchronised estrus period. A linear dominance hierarchy was observed between the rams which was consistent and stable for each observation period. The highest ranking ram had more mounting encounters and was more aggressive than the subordinate rams. This activity disturbed his ejaculatory mechanism and sometimes resulted in the absence of ejaculation or energetic ejaculation. In the four-sire breeding pens the dominant ram often found it impossible to completely curtail the sexual activity of the subordinate rams. He made 70.9% and 49.0% of the total number of mounts in the three-sire and our-sire breeding pens, respectively. At the beginning of each observation period the highest ranking ram claimed most estrous ewes for his “harem”. The subordinate rams only had an opportunity to mate when several ewes were simultaneously in estrus. The average number of mounts per first copulation per ram was 2.2 (range 1.3–3.1). The time spent from first contact with the ewes until completion of the copulatory act in first copulation varied from 0.2–16.2 min. with an average of 4.0 min., whereas this interval was increased during the second copulation (average = 5.8 min.). Furthermore, the mating behavior of single rams was also observed. Inhalt: Rangordnung und Paarungsverhalten von Schafbocken unter Stallhaltungsbedingungen Es wurden insgesamt 30 Mutterschafe in Zehnergruppen mit 3 bzw. 4 Böcken gleichzeitig in einer Buchte gehalten und wahrend einer Östrusperiode tagsüber beobachtet. Fur die Böcke konnte eine klare Rangordnung erkannt werden, die über alle Beobachtungsperioden unverändert blieb. Der an höchster Stelle stehende Bock vollzog mehr Aufsprungsversuche und war aggressiver als die untergeordneten Böcke. Diese Aktivitäten störten bei ihm wiederholt den Ejakulatonsmechanismus, so daß ein unvollständiger Deckakt bei fehlender Ejakulation die Folge war. Bei gleichzeitiger Anwesenheit von 4 Böcken in einer Gruppe way es für den dominanten Bock häufig unmöglich, die Sexualaktivität der untergeordneten Böcke vollständig zu unterbinden. Auf den dominanten Bock entfielen bei Anwesenheit von 3 Böcken 70,9% aller Auf sprünge, bei der Anwesenheit von 4 Böcken waren dies 49,0%. Zu Beginn einer jeden Beobachtungs-periode versuchte der an höchster Stelle rangierende Bock, die meisten östrischen Mutterschafe für seinen “Harem” zu beanspruchen. Die untergeordneten Böcke hatten nur dann Gelegenheit zu decken, wenn mehrere Mutterschafe gleichzeitig im Östrus waren. Im Durchschnitt betrug die Anzahl der Auf sprünge bei der ersten Belegung pro Bock 2,2 (Schwankungsbreite 1,3 -3, 1). Die erforderliche Zeit fur die erste Paarung uariierte bei einem Mittelwert uon 4,0 Alin. zwischen 0,2 und 16,2 Min.; diese Zeitspanne erhöhte sich allerdings für die zweite Belegung auf durchschnittlich 5,8 Min. Darüber hinaus wurde das Paarungsuerhalten einzelner Böcke ohne die Anwesenheit anderer beobachtet.  相似文献   

Sheep‐Associated Malignant Catarrhal Fever Involving 3–5‐Week‐Old Calves in Saudi Arabia     

E. M. E. Abu Elzein  F. M. T. Housawi  A. A. Gameel  A. I. Al‐Afaleq  A. M. El‐Bashir 《Zoonoses and public health》2003,50(2):53-59

Between late December 1999 and late April 2000, three locally bred Friesian calves (ageing 25, 28 and 35 days) in a dairy farm, at Al‐Ahsa locality of the eastern region of Saudi Arabia showed dullness and inappetence. Their rectal temperatures ranged between 41 and 41.5°C. One to 2 days later and onwards, the calves showed lacrimation, nasal discharge, salivation, oedema of the head, conjunctivitis, exo‐ophthalmia and corneal opacity. One calf showed diarrhoea. The superficial lymph nodes were oedematous and swollen. The calves died after 7, 5 and 8 days, respectively, following the onset of the disease. Calves and rabbits were experimentally infected with materials from the naturally infected calves. The rabbits showed fever, mild conjunctivitis and one rabbit showed wet faeces. The experimentally inoculated calves showed rise in temperature and mild symptoms but none of them died. The virus from the naturally infected calves and from the experimentally infected rabbits was identified as malignant catarrhal fever (MCF) virus using both the complement fixation test and the fluorescent antibody test, employing a reference anti‐serum against the WC 11 strain of MCF virus. Serological survey for MCF antibodies in cattle, sheep and goats from the affected farm revealed that 54% of the examined animals were positive. The situation of MCF in Saudi Arabia was discussed in relation to sheep and wild game. This paper constitutes the first report of MCF in Saudi Arabia and the Gulf region.  相似文献