Structural and functional effects of early exposure to 4-nonylphenol on gonadal development of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus): a-histological alterations in ovaries     

T. El-Sayed Ali  S. H. Abdel-Aziz  A.-F. M. El-Sayed  S. Zeid 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》2014,40(5):1509-1519

The present study investigated the gonads alterations of mature female Oreochromis niloticus caused by different concentrations (0, 40, 60, 100 μg/L) of 4-nonylphenol (NP) and also its effect on steroidogenesis. A tendency for a dose-dependent reduction in the gonadosomatic index, fecundity and oocytes diameter in the NP-exposed groups was observed. Histological examination revealed that NP impairs gonadal growth clearly shown in the oocyte development and differentiation. Also, the estrogenic activity of such NP was identified through 11-ketotestosterone, 17b-estradiol and vitellogenin which were affected significantly by the applied concentrations. The study indicates that NP has estrogenic potency-induced marked alteration in the sexual development including gonadal maturation, spawning time and egg production.  相似文献   

Identification of synthetic regioisomeric lutein esters and their quantification in a commercial lutein supplement   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Young JC  Abdel-Aal el-SM  Rabalski I  Blackwell BA 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2007,55(13):4965-4972

Synthetic mixtures of 24 mono- and diesters of the asymmetric hydroxylated carotenoid lutein with lauric, myristic, palmitic, and stearic acids were analyzed by liquid chromatography-ultraviolet/visible spectroscopy (LC-UV-vis) and characterized by LC-mass spectrometry (MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR). These compounds were then used for identifying the composition of a commercial lutein supplement. This is the first report of chromatographic separation of mixed fatty acid lutein diesters. Preferential MS loss of fatty acids or water occurred initially at the 3'-hydroxy position in the epsilon-ionone ring and subsequently at the 3-hydroxy position in the beta-ionone ring. This selective fragmentation leads to facile assignment of the specific fatty acids to the appropriate regioisomeric ionone ring. A commercial lutein supplement contained low levels of two pairs of regioisomeric monoesters and nearly equal levels of three homogeneous diesters and five pairs of mixed diesters. Palmitic acid was the predominant fatty acid, with lower amounts of myristic, stearic, and lauric acids.  相似文献   

A Comparative Study Evaluating Three Bioscaffold Augmentation Devices Used for Superficial Digital Flexor Tenorrhaphy in Donkeys (Equus Asinus) by Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Ultrasonography     

El-Sayed A.A. El-Shafaey  Gamal I.A. KarroufAdel E.I. Zaghloul  BVSc  MVSc  PhD 《Journal of Equine Veterinary Science》2012

Little is known about using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in evaluating the healing properties of superficial digital flexor tenorrhaphy in equines. The present study was designed to carry out in vivo comparative evaluation of normal and repaired superficial digital flexor tendon (SDFT) in donkeys, based on MRI, ultrasonography, clinical and histopathological features. Eighteen clinically healthy donkeys were assigned for three treatment trials (n = 6) using three bioscaffold materials (bovine pericardium xenograft, tendon allograft, and allograft shielding by bovine pericardium), in addition to six healthy donkeys to serve as control group. Clinical signs for each animal were scored, and the sum of all clinical indexes was calculated. MRI and ultrasonographic examinations of each donkey were carried out at 45 and 90 days postoperatively in the three treated groups, and were compared with those in the control group. Both clinical and imaging characteristics were compared and statistically analyzed at each time point. The echogenicity (P < .0039), cross-sectional area (P < .0490), and fiber alignment (P < .0077) were different at 45 and 90 days postoperatively in the shielding group than in the other two groups, with no difference in the histological features in comparison with the control group, based on the median and range analysis at 90 days postoperatively. In conclusion, MRI and ultrasonography initiate a new paradigm in monitoring the healing progression and case prognosis of SDFT tenorrhaphy with the bioscaffold augmentation devices, either xenogenic or allogenic, which provided a good alternative technique and an accelerated SDFT healing with minimal adhesions in donkeys.  相似文献   

Can bone marrow aspirate improve mandibular fracture repair in camels (Camelus dromedarius)? A preliminary study     

Fahd Al-Sobayil  Madeh A. Sadan  El-Sayed El-Shafaey  Ahmed F. Ahmed 《Journal of veterinary science (Suw?n-si, Korea)》2020,21(6)

BackgroundMandibular fractures are common in camels, leading to considerable economic losses. This study explored methods of improving mandibular fractures repair, adjuvant with interdental wire, or bone plate fixation. Autologous bone marrow (BM) injection enhances osteogenesis and rapid healing.ObjectivesTo investigate the effect of autologous BM aspirate as an adjuvant treatment for repairing mandibular fractures in camels with interdental wire, or bone plate fixation.MethodsThirty dromedary camels aged 5–8 years and of both sexes were randomly divided into 4 treatment groups: group 1 (n = 10) treated with stainless steel wire fixation and BM injection at the fracture line, group 2 (n = 10) treated with plate fixation and BM injection at the fracture line, group 3 (n = 5) treated with stainless steel bone wire fixation and placebo saline injection at the fracture line, and group 4 (n = 5) treated with plate fixation and placebo injection at the fracture line. The mandibular fractures were followed weekly for 12 weeks postoperatively to assess improvement and healing based on clinical evaluation, radiographic union scale, and bone turnover markers (i.e., bone alkaline phosphatase, osteocalcin, pyridinoline, and deoxypyridinoline).ResultsCompared to other groups, elevated bone turnover markers in group 1 were demonstrated (p < 0.05) on the seventh postoperative day. Likewise, compared to other groups, both clinical findings and radiographic union scale significantly improved (p < 0.05) in group 1 on the 56th postoperative day.ConclusionsBM aspirate has a promising beneficial osteogenic effect on mandibular fracture repair in camels, most notably when combined with interdental wire fixation.  相似文献   

Draft genome of the filarial nematode parasite Brugia malayi     

Ghedin E  Wang S  Spiro D  Caler E  Zhao Q  Crabtree J  Allen JE  Delcher AL  Guiliano DB  Miranda-Saavedra D  Angiuoli SV  Creasy T  Amedeo P  Haas B  El-Sayed NM  Wortman JR  Feldblyum T  Tallon L  Schatz M  Shumway M  Koo H  Salzberg SL  Schobel S  Pertea M  Pop M  White O  Barton GJ  Carlow CK  Crawford MJ  Daub J  Dimmic MW  Estes CF  Foster JM  Ganatra M  Gregory WF  Johnson NM  Jin J  Komuniecki R  Korf I  Kumar S  Laney S  Li BW  Li W  Lindblom TH  Lustigman S  Ma D  Maina CV  Martin DM  McCarter JP  McReynolds L  Mitreva M  Nutman TB 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2007,317(5845):1756-1760

Parasitic nematodes that cause elephantiasis and river blindness threaten hundreds of millions of people in the developing world. We have sequenced the approximately 90 megabase (Mb) genome of the human filarial parasite Brugia malayi and predict approximately 11,500 protein coding genes in 71 Mb of robustly assembled sequence. Comparative analysis with the free-living, model nematode Caenorhabditis elegans revealed that, despite these genes having maintained little conservation of local synteny during approximately 350 million years of evolution, they largely remain in linkage on chromosomal units. More than 100 conserved operons were identified. Analysis of the predicted proteome provides evidence for adaptations of B. malayi to niches in its human and vector hosts and insights into the molecular basis of a mutualistic relationship with its Wolbachia endosymbiont. These findings offer a foundation for rational drug design.  相似文献   

Assessment of the effect of plant inhibitors on digestive proteases of nile tilapia using in vitro assays     

A.-F.M. El-Sayed  I. Nmartínez  F.J. Moyano 《Aquaculture International》2000,8(5):403-415

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect that feeding on differently treated soybean meals may have on digestive protease activity of the Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Untreated full fat soybean (USB), heated fullfat soybean (HSB), soaked fullfat soybean (SSB) and commercial defatted soybean meal (DSB) totally replaced fish meal (FM) in test diets (30% crude protein) fed to fish juveniles (mixed sexes) for 30 days. After this period, total activity of digestive proteases was determined in each group and the ability of such proteases to hydrolyse the different protein sources and formulated feeds was tested in vitro. Significant differences were observed between treatments, with lower values obtained for fish fed on USB, suggesting a modification in the composition of secreted proteases. In addition, an inhibitory effect produced by wheat bran included in the test diets on protease activity of fish was also shown. The usefulness of using in vitro assays for a preliminary assessment of the nutritive value of aquafeed ingredients is discussed.  相似文献   

Influence of low levels of dietary aflatoxins on Eimeria tenella infections in broilers     

Ellakany  Hany F.  Abuakkada  Somaia S.  Oda  Samah S.  El-Sayed  Yasser Said 《Tropical animal health and production》2011,43(1):249-257

The present study was conducted to evaluate the adverse effects of an interaction between low levels of dietary aflatoxins (AF) and Eimeria tenella infection on broiler chicks. A set of 1-day-old chicks were raised for 35 days in the following groups: a control group, a group fed AF, a group fed AF and inoculated with E. tenella (AF + E.ten), and a group inoculated with E. tenella alone. AF in the contaminated diet were given at 200 ppb starting from the seventh day after hatching while E. tenella was inoculated at a dose of 5 × 10⁴ sporulated oocysts per chick at the 14th day after hatching. Worsened performance traits and high mortality were all observed in the treated birds, particularly the AF + E.ten group. Lesion scores and oocyst outputs were not different within groups. Chickens fed with AF had significantly increased serum ALT and ALP activities as well as decreased albumin content. They also showed hepatomegaly, hepatocytic vacuolation and necrosis, an atrophied bursa of Fabricius, and a thymus with tissue depletion. E. tenella-infected broilers displayed a significant reduction in packed cell volume, hemoglobin content and lymphocyte percentage, and showed hemorrhagic typhlitis. The deficits in hepatic function and hematologic parameters as well as the gross pathological, and histopathological changes, were more common and more severe in the group that was exposed to both aflatoxicosis and coccidiosis than in the groups exposed to either treatment alone. Thus, the combination of aflatoxicosis and E. tenella infection may influence the course of coccidial infection due to additive effects.  相似文献   

The genome sequence of Trypanosoma cruzi, etiologic agent of Chagas disease     

El-Sayed NM  Myler PJ  Bartholomeu DC  Nilsson D  Aggarwal G  Tran AN  Ghedin E  Worthey EA  Delcher AL  Blandin G  Westenberger SJ  Caler E  Cerqueira GC  Branche C  Haas B  Anupama A  Arner E  Aslund L  Attipoe P  Bontempi E  Bringaud F  Burton P  Cadag E  Campbell DA  Carrington M  Crabtree J  Darban H  da Silveira JF  de Jong P  Edwards K  Englund PT  Fazelina G  Feldblyum T  Ferella M  Frasch AC  Gull K  Horn D  Hou L  Huang Y  Kindlund E  Klingbeil M  Kluge S  Koo H  Lacerda D  Levin MJ  Lorenzi H  Louie T  Machado CR  McCulloch R 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2005,309(5733):409-415

Whole-genome sequencing of the protozoan pathogen Trypanosoma cruzi revealed that the diploid genome contains a predicted 22,570 proteins encoded by genes, of which 12,570 represent allelic pairs. Over 50% of the genome consists of repeated sequences, such as retrotransposons and genes for large families of surface molecules, which include trans-sialidases, mucins, gp63s, and a large novel family (>1300 copies) of mucin-associated surface protein (MASP) genes. Analyses of the T. cruzi, T. brucei, and Leishmania major (Tritryp) genomes imply differences from other eukaryotes in DNA repair and initiation of replication and reflect their unusual mitochondrial DNA. Although the Tritryp lack several classes of signaling molecules, their kinomes contain a large and diverse set of protein kinases and phosphatases; their size and diversity imply previously unknown interactions and regulatory processes, which may be targets for intervention.  相似文献   

Effects of dietary protein level on spawning performance of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) broodstock reared at different water salinities     

Abdel-Fattah M. El-Sayed  Cathrine R. Mansour  Altaf A. Ezzat 《Aquaculture (Amsterdam, Netherlands)》2003,220(1-4):619-632

Effects of dietary protein level and water salinity on spawning performance of Nile tilapia broodstock and growth of their larvae were studied. Four isocaloric (400 kcal/100 g) diets containing 25%, 30%, 35% and 40% crude protein were prepared. The diets were fed to broodfish (25.7 g) reared at three water salinities (0‰, 7‰ and 14‰) at a female/male ratio of 3:1, to satiation twice a day for 195 days. The size at first maturation increased with increasing dietary protein at all salinities. At 25% and 30% protein levels, broodstock reared at 0‰ reached their sexual maturity at bigger sizes than those reared at 7‰ and 14‰. At 0‰, spawning intervals were not significantly affected by dietary protein levels. At 7‰ and 14‰, spawning intervals significantly decreased with increasing dietary protein level. Spawning frequency and number of eggs per spawn were increased with increasing dietary protein level. The total number of spawnings per female and absolute fecundity were better in fish fed 40% protein in freshwater than at 7‰ and 14‰ salinity. The relationship of dietary protein and water salinity on egg size was significant, but showed irregular patterns. The chemical composition of broodstock muscles, eggs and fry were not significantly affected by dietary protein and water salinity, except for body water and crude protein of broodstock which were significantly affected; but showed irregular trends. At each water salinity, egg hatchability was linearly increased with increasing dietary protein level. Eggs produced from broodstock fed 25% protein at 7‰ and 14‰ needed more time for hatching and yolk-sac absorption and resulted in poorer larval weight than those reared in freshwater. Fry growth was improved with increasing protein level at all salinities. This result revealed that 40% dietary protein is required for optimum spawning performance of Nile tilapia reared at 0‰, 7‰ and 14‰ salinity. It also indicated that spawning performance and larval growth were better in freshwater than at 7‰ and 14‰.  相似文献   

Effect of baking on free and bound phenolic acids in wholegrain bakery products     

El-Sayed M. Abdel-Aal  Iwona Rabalski 《Journal of Cereal Science》2013

Phenolic compounds, particularly ferulic acid the most abundant phenolic in wheat, are the major contributors to the in vitro antioxidant capacity. They are present in wheat in free and bound forms which affect their bioavailability. Thus the current study aims to investigate changes in free and bound phenolic acids occurred during baking in wholegrain bread, cookie and muffin. The products were also fortified with lutein due to its proved health benefits, and were previously evaluated with regard to lutein stability and bioavailability and antioxidant properties. The control and fortified wholegrain bakery products contained reasonable amounts of free and bound phenolic acids with bread products exhibiting the highest level per serving (0.6 and 11.7 mg, respectively). Ferulic acid was the principal phenolic both in the free or bound extracts of the three products followed by p-coumaric acid in the bound extracts. Baking resulted in an increase in free phenolic acids in the three products, while bound phenolic acids decreased in bread and slightly changed in cookie and muffin products. Though the effect of baking appeared to be dependent on type of baked product, type of phenolic, recipe and baking conditions, the wholegrain products should be considered good sources of phenolic antioxidants.  相似文献