Genetic changes in quantity and composition of vegetable oils     

Albert L. Elder  Dorothy M. Rathmann  Thomas F. Conway 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》1964,11(1):67-77

Summary The oil contents of single kernels of corn can be determined by wideline nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Since this analytical procedure does not alter seed composition or viability, it could accelerate the development of crops having higher oil contents. A highly significant correlation was found between the oil contents of single kernels of corn and their progeny ears. This indicates that single-kernel differences in oil content are heritable. The importance of this development in terms of the increasing world-wide demand for polyunsaturated oils is discussed.

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Zusammenfassung Der Öl-Gehalt einzelner Maiskörner kann durch kernmagnetische Resonanz-Spektroskopie festgestellt werden. Da dieses analytische Verfahren weder die Samenzusammensetzung noch die Lebensfähigkeit des Samens ändert, könnte sie dazu benutzt werden, die Entwicklung von Maisbeständen mit höherem Ölgehalt zu beschleunigen. Es wurde eine höchst beachtliche Korrelation zwischen dem Ölgehalt der einzelnen Kerne und dem der daraus entstehenden Kerne gefunden. Dies weist darauf hin, daß Einzel-Kern-Unterschiede im Ölgehalt vererbbar sind. Die Bedeutung dieser Entwicklung in Bezug auf die weltweite Nachfrage nach mehrfach ungesättigten Ölen wird besprochen.

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Résumé La quantité d'huile contenue dans les grains de maïs isolés peut être déterminée par la spectroscopie à résonance magnétique nucléaire à grande amplitude. Comme ce procédé ne cause aucune altération de la composition ou de la viabilité de la semence il pourrait accélérer la production de récoltes a rendement d'huile élevé. Une corrélation très étroite a été établie entre la quantité d'huile contenue dans les grains individuels et celle contenue dans leur progéniture. Ceci indique que la difference entre les quantités d'huile contenues dans deux grains individuels peut-être héritée. Cet article traite de l'importance de cette application scientifique en liaison avec la demande croissante d'huiles polyinsaturées dans le monde entier.

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with 4 figs.

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Paper presented at 6th International Congress of Nutrition, Edinburgh, August 9–15, 1963.  相似文献   

PURULENT LEPTOMENINGITIS IN A DOG ASSOCIATED WITH AN AEROGENIC PASTEURELLA MULTOCIDA     

R. J. Rogers  B.V.Sc. Jean K.  Elder B.Sc. 《Australian veterinary journal》1967,43(3):81-82

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Tensile properties in collagen‐rich tissues of Quarter Horses with hereditary equine regional dermal asthenia (HERDA)     

J. E. Bowser  S. H. Elder  M. Pasquali  J. G. Grady  A. M. Rashmir‐Raven  R. Wills  C. E. Swiderski 《Equine veterinary journal》2014,46(2):216-222

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Sexual Precocity of Nellore Bulls that are Offspring of Super Precocious,Precocious and Normal Cows in Extensive Farming Conditions     

JB Siqueira  E Oba  RO Pinho  SEF Guimarães  TM Neto  JD Guimarães 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2014,49(5):851-857

The objective of this work was to verify that mothers classified as super precocious (M1) and precocious (M2) produce more precocious bulls than females classified as normal (M3). This study included 21 186 animals with an average age of 21.29 ± 1.77 months that underwent a breeding soundness evaluation from 1999 to 2008. Of these animals, 2019, 6059 and 13 108 were offspring of M1, M2 and M3 females, respectively. In the breeding soundness examination, the animals were classified as sound for reproduction, sound under a natural mating regime, unsound for reproduction and discarded. To compare the averages obtained for each category of mother within the individual breeding soundness classes, a chi‐square test with a 5% error probability was used, considering the effects of year and month of birth and farm. For the three classes of mothers (M1, M2 and M3), 67.26, 67.22 and 64.16% of bull calves were considered sound for reproduction and 19.71, 19.46 and 21.90% were considered unsound for reproduction, respectively. There was no difference in the frequency of animals that were sound for reproduction under the natural breeding regime between the three classes of mothers (8.87, 9.31 and 9.19%, respectively). There was a difference between the numbers of precocious and normal females that were discarded, with frequencies of 4.01 and 4.75%, respectively (p < 0.05). There were differences in year and month of birth and farm between super precocious and precocious cows in relation to the breeding soundness classification of the animals. It was concluded that the bull offspring of super precocious and precocious cows presented a higher percentage of approval in the breeding soundness examination than the bull offspring of normal cows, demonstrating that the selection for precocity of females has contributed to an increase in the sexual precocity of the herd in relation to the sexual maturity of bulls.  相似文献   

Insecticidal components from field pea extracts: isolation and separation of peptide mixtures related to pea albumin 1b     

Taylor WG  Fields PG  Elder JL 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2004,52(25):7491-7498

Chromatographic fractionation of crude extracts (C8 extracts) from the protein-enriched flour of commercial field peas (Pisum sativum L.) has been shown here to yield peptide mixtures related to the pea albumin 1b (PA1b) family of cysteine-rich plant peptides. The mixtures were obtained initially by flash chromatography with silica gel. Following elution of soyasaponins and lysolecithins, the end fractions obtained with the use of two flash chromatographic solvent systems displayed activity in a flour disk antifeedant bioassay with the rice weevil [Sitophilus oryzae (L.)]. Chemical properties of these mixtures were compared by thin-layer chromatography, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), IR, MS, and amino acid analyses. The major peptides of C8 extracts, with average masses of 3752, 3757, and 3805 Da, were isolated by anion exchange chromatography. Samples enriched in the peptide of mass 3752 were isolated by cation exchange chromatography. Reduction plus alkylation experiments in combination with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry showed that C8 extracts contained about 10 peptides and, like PA1b, each peptide possessed six cysteine residues (three disulfide bonds). Disulfide bond reduction with 2-mercaptoethanol destroyed the antifeedant activity. The native peptides of C8 extracts were found to be resolved into nine peaks with XTerra HPLC columns operating at alkaline pH. These columns were employed to assess the distribution of pea peptides in the isolated fractions, with photodiode array and electrospray detection.  相似文献   

Equine sweating and anhidrosis Part 2: anhidrosis     

Jenkinson DM  Elder HY  Bovell DL 《Veterinary dermatology》2007,18(1):2-11

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Carbohydrate dramatically influences immune reactivity of antisera to viral glycoprotein antigens   总被引：22，自引：0，他引：22  

S Alexander  J H Elder 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1984,226(4680):1328-1330

Analysis of the ability of heteroantisera, monoclonal antibodies, and antibodies to synthetic peptides to react with viral glycoproteins deglycosylated with endoglycosidase F revealed that the reactivities of most of the antibodies to these glycoprotein antigens were influenced by the attached carbohydrate moieties. All heteroantisera prepared in rabbits or goats to either fully glycosylated retroviruses or influenza virus were virtually unreactive toward the viral glycoproteins after carbohydrate removal. Analyses with a panel of monoclonal antibodies to purified Rauscher murine leukemia virus gp70 indicated that the reactivity of most of these antibodies improved while the reactivity of others decreased or remain unchanged after carbohydrate removal. Most of the antibodies to synthetic peptide sequences in the influenza virus hemagglutinin also improved in reactivity after carbohydrate removal. These data indicate that carbohydrate side chains on viral glycoproteins influence the immune response to these antigens, and the more native the glycoprotein immunogen, the more dramatic the carbohydrate influence. Thus the immune response to these glycoproteins is not simply a function of the immunogenicity of certain domains over others but rather is a direct measure of carbohydrate influences on the host's perception of the foreign antigen.  相似文献   

Testosterone serum profile,semen characteristics and testicular biometry of Mangalarga Marchador stallions in a tropical environment          下载免费PDF全文

B Waddington  JM Penitente‐Filho  JGS Neves  RO Pinho  AY Chaya  PP Maitan  CO Silveira  MG Neves  SEF Guimarães  GR de Carvalho  JD Guimarães 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2017,52(2):335-343

This study was conducted to characterize the daily profile of testosterone secretion and its mean concentrations in the four seasons as well as to evaluate the semen characteristics and testicular biometry of Mangalarga Marchador stallions throughout the year in a tropical region. Three stallions were submitted to semen collections and evaluation of testicular biometry every 14 days along a year. Blood samples were collected once at the middle of each season, in a 20‐min interval during 24 hr in order to evaluate the testosterone secretion profiles among seasons. Testosterone concentrations along the day were higher at the beginning of the afternoon (from 12:00 to 15:00 hr), but a circadian secretion was not clearly observed. Mean testosterone concentrations did not differ among seasons (p > .05), but a pattern of secretion along the day showed variations with higher concentrations in the afternoon during the winter. Ejaculate volume was higher during summer; however, sperm motility decreased in summer and spring. Total sperm in ejaculate, sperm morphology and testicular biometry kept constant along the year showing no differences among the seasons. The results demonstrated that in a tropical region, reproductive aspects of stallions did not show a clearly defined seasonal variation, and months of autumn and winter were not unsuitable for reproduction of the males.  相似文献   

Immotile Short‐Tail Sperm Defect in Nelore (Bos taurus indicus) Breed Bulls     

JB Siqueira  RO Pinho  SEF Guimarães  T Miranda Neto  JD Guimarães 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2010,45(6):1122-1125

This case study reported the presence of short tail sperm defect in the semen of three Nelore breed bulls. The sperm presented 0% of motility in the three animals evaluated and a total of 70%, 61% and 34% of pathologies of the intermediate piece of the tail respectively for animals 1, 2 and 3. It was identified that animals 2 and 3 had high degree of inbreeding, although no relationship was found with animal 1. Animal 2 was the only one that presented inbreeding coefficient (6.25%). His half‐sib (animal 3) and animal 1, from the same herd, had shown no inbreeding, showing that inheritance is not the only determinant factor for its incidence on Nelore males.  相似文献   

Critical habitat designation under the US Endangered Species Act: How are biological criteria used?     

Karen E. Hodges  Jason Elder 《Biological conservation》2008,141(10):2662-2668

Critical habitat designation under the US Endangered Species Act (ESA) is not working as Congress intended. Issues include the use of science during designation, the costly and litigious delays in designation that have led to repeated lawsuits, and the potential overlap with other ESA protections. In this paper, we address a neglected aspect of critical habitat designation: how the biologically-based designation criteria of the US Fish and Wildlife Service are used during the designation process. We primarily examine whether taxon (within terrestrial animals) or legal status (whether critical habitat was designated after a court challenge) affect the use of the criteria. Court-ordered cases used more criteria than non-court-ordered cases. There were also differences in use of criteria with respect to taxon and region, and a weak relationship with the year of designation. Criteria that focused on discrete elements, such as nest sites or locations where required food species occurred, were used more often than criteria that addressed broader ecological needs such as space for normal behaviour or representation of historic range conditions. Revising the critical habitat designation criteria and enforcing their consistent use during designation would be helpful for conservation of imperiled species in the United States.  相似文献