Evaluation of Total and Faecal Coliforms and Salmonella spp. in Irradiated Mussels from Brazil     

Flaivia Aline Andrade Calixto  Eliana de Faitima Marques de Mesquita  Robson Maia Franco  Cynthia Annes Rubiao  Neila Mello dos Santos Cortez  Mauro Carlos Lopes Souza  Licinio Esmeraldo da Silva 《农业科学与技术》2012,(4):511-519

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Time effect on bentazone sorption and degradation in soil   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Boivin A  Cherrier R  Perrin-Ganier C  Schiavon M 《Pest management science》2004,60(8):809-814

Previous sorption/desorption batch experiments have indicated that bentazone is weakly sorbed by soils. In addition, field experiments have shown that 4% of the bentazone sprayed can be leached to drainage water. In order to complete bentazone characterisation, we have assessed the effect of time on its behaviour in contrasting soils. In laboratory studies, bentazone was added to three topsoils (sandy, loamy and clay soils). Bentazone degradation, sorption/desorption kinetics and isotherm measurements were carried out at different times. At 160 days after treatment, bentazone mineralisation amounts varied from 2.1% (sandy soil) to 14% (clay soil). The extractable amounts became lower (from 97% after treatment to 12% after 160 days for the clay soil) and a greater number of desorption series was needed to obtain these products. Nevertheless, at the end of the experiments, a small amount of bentazone was still extracted by water. At the same time, bound residues of bentazone reached 65% in clay soil. Statistical analysis indicated effects of both residence time and soil type on bentazone behaviour.  相似文献   

A new Badnavirus species detected in Bougainvillea in Brazil     

Eliana B. Rivas  Ligia M.L. Duarte  M. Amélia V. Alexandre  Flora M.C. Fernandes  Ricardo Harakava  César M. Chagas 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2005,71(6):438-440

Badnavirus in Bougainvillea spectabilis showing virus-like symptoms was identified by the presence of bacilliform particles, measuring 125–130 × 30–40 nm in leaf-dip preparations and by analysis of its putative open reading frame 3 sequence. The virus, tentatively named Bougainvillea bacilliform virus (BBV), had the highest identities (up to 60%) with Spiraea yellow leaf spot virus, Gooseberry vein banding associated virus, Taro bacilliform virus, and Citrus yellow mosaic virus. In phylogenetic analysis, BBV clustered with Badnavirus putative species. Attempts to transmit the virus to several hosts failed. This is the first report of a new Badnavirus detected in Bougainvillea.  相似文献   

Degradation of [14C]Terbuthylazine and [14C]Atrazine in Laboratory Soil Microcosms     

Sylvie Dousset  Christophe Mouvet  Michel Schiavon 《Pest management science》1997,49(1):9-16

The degradation and formation of major chlorinated metabolites of terbuthylazine and atrazine in three soils (loamy clay, calcareous clay and high clay) were studied in laboratory experiments using molecules labelled with ¹⁴C on the s-triazine ring. Soil microcosms were treated with the equivalent of 1 kg ha^-1 of herbicide and incubated in the dark for 45 days at 20(±1)°C. The quantity of [¹⁴C]carbon dioxide evolved in the soils treated with atrazine was negligible and could not be attributed to mineralization of the parent molecule. The mineralization of terbuthylazine accounted for 0·9–1·2% of the initial radioactivity. In the soils studied, the extrapolated half-lives varied from 88 to 116 days for terbuthylazine and 66 to 105 days for atrazine, with no significant differences for the three soils and the two molecules. The deethyl metabolites of the two s-triazines and the deisopropyl-atrazine metabolite appeared during the incubation in the three soils. The completely dealkylated metabolite was not detected in any of the soils. After 45 days of incubation, the non-extractable soil residues for the high clay, loamy clay and calcareous clay soils represented for terbuthylazine, 33·5, 38·3 and 43·1% and for atrazine, 19·8, 20·8 and 22·3% of the initial radioactivity. © 1997 SCI.  相似文献   

Sulcotrione versus atrazine transport and degradation in soil columns     

Cherrier R  Boivin A  Perrin-Ganier C  Schiavon M 《Pest management science》2005,61(9):899-904

A soil column experiment under outdoor conditions was performed to monitor the fate of 14C-ring-labelled sulcotrione, 2-(2-chloro-4-mesylbenzoyl)cyclohexane-1,3-dione and atrazine, 6-chloro-N2-ethyl-N4-isopropyl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine, in water leachates and in the ploughed horizon of a sandy loam soil. Two months after treatment, the cumulative amounts of herbicide residues leached from the soil were 14.5% and 7% of the applied radioactivity for sulcotrione and atrazine, respectively. Maximum leachate concentrations for each herbicide were observed during the first month following application: 120 and 95 microg litre(-1) for sulcotrione and atrazine respectively. After 2 weeks, 78% of the sulcotrione and atrazine was extractable from the soil, whereas after two months only 10 and 4%, respectively, could be extracted. The maximum sulcotrione content in the first 10 cm of soil was identical with that of atrazine. For both molecules, the content of non-extractable residues was low, being around 15%. Sulcotrione seems to be more mobile than atrazine but the consequences for water contamination are similar since lower doses are used.  相似文献   

Midbrain control of three-dimensional head orientation     

Klier EM  Wang H  Constantin AG  Crawford JD 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2002,295(5558):1314-1316

Little is known about the neural mechanisms controlling head posture and why they fail in clinical syndromes like torticollis. It is well established, however, that the brain controls eye position by integrating eye velocity commands. By electrically stimulating and reversibly inactivating midbrain sites in the head-free (nonimmobilized) monkey, we found that the interstitial nucleus of Cajal functions as a neural integrator for head posture. We suggest that a bilateral imbalance in this structure, through either direct damage or inappropriate input, could be one of the mechanisms underlying torticollis.  相似文献   

Atypical ocular Chelonoid herpesvirus manifestations in a captive Loggerhead turtle (Caretta caretta)     

Arianne P. Ori  Danielle N. Silva  Ana Cludia Raposo  Alessandra Estrela‐Lima  Thaís T. Pires  Marco A. Gattamorta  Roberta R. Zamana  Eliana R. Matushima  Ron Ofri 《Veterinary ophthalmology》2021,24(1):97-102

A captive loggerhead turtle (Caretta caretta) of unknown sex, 3 years of age, presented with bilateral mucoid secretions, severe chemosis, conjunctival hyperemia, and globe retraction. The animal was evaluated ophthalmologically and systemically, and hematological, microbiological, and conjunctival cytological and biopsy samples were collected for complementary diagnosis. The histopathological examination showed amphophilic intranuclear inclusions associated with severe inflammatory infiltrate. The diagnosis of Chelonid alphaherpesvirus 5 (ChAHV 5) was confirmed with end point PCR. Following systemic treatment with L‐lysine, acyclovir and vitamin A, the ocular signs resolved. No amphophilic intranuclear inclusions were seen in a follow‐up biopsy 5 months later, and there has been no recurrence of clinical ophthalmic signs during a 4‐year follow‐up. It is suggested that ChAHV 5 be considered as a differential diagnosis in captive marine turtles that present for conjunctival disease other than fibropapillomatosis.  相似文献   

Morphological changes,peptidase activity,and effects of exogenous enzymes in the early ontogeny of Nile tilapia,Oreochromis niloticus     

del Valle  Juana Cristina  Zanazzi  Aldo Nahuel  Rodriguez  Yamila Eliana  Haran  Nora Selma  Laitano  María Victoria  Mallo  Juan Carlos  Fernández-Gimenez  Analía Verónica 《Aquaculture International》2022,30(4):1645-1658

Aquaculture International - During the early ontogeny, the transition from endogenous (yolk protein) to exogenous feeding (artificial diets) represents a critical period linked to the...  相似文献   

α‐Amylase Inhibitors from Wheat Against Development and Toxigenic Potential of Fusarium verticillioides     

Gabriela R. Lemos Mendes  Chiara Leal Alves  Paola Lopes Cavalheiro  Cristiana Costa Bretanha  Fernanda Arnhold Pagnussatt  Eliana Badiale‐Furlong 《Cereal Chemistry》2015,92(6):611-616

Fusarium verticillioides is one of the most important pathogens in maize and is a producer of fumonisin B₁ (FB₁). Although reports of its presence in wheat are scarce, the susceptibility of this cereal to fungus of the same genus motivates interest in investigating compounds present in the grain with inhibitory activity against this species. The aim of this study was to extract α‐amylase inhibitors from wheat and apply them in vitro to evaluate its effect on the development and expression of toxigenic potential of F. verticillioides. The α‐amylase inhibitors, both crude (P₀) and purified (P₁), were applied to in vitro culture containing a pathogen mycelium disc. Mycelial growth of the pathogen, glucosamine content, α‐amylase activity, and production of FB₁ were investigated. All protein extracts of wheat showed the ability to inhibit pathogen growth, especially the extract P₀ from cultivar Quartzo, which resulted in a reduction of glucosamine content (66%) and α‐amylase activity (84%). Furthermore, the protein inhibitors showed antifumonisin effect, reducing by 33 and 47% the mycotoxin production when applied as P₀ and P₁, respectively. These results suggest that α‐amylase inhibitor contributed to resistance against pathogen attack, acting in a diversified manner for each fungal species.  相似文献   

Evaluation of a modified QuEChERS extraction of multiple classes of pesticides from a rice paddy soil by LC-APCI-MS/MS     

Caldas SS  Bolzan CM  Cerqueira MB  Tomasini D  Furlong EB  Fagundes C  Primel EG 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2011,59(22):11918-11926

A new method for the determination of clomazone, fipronil, tebuconazole, propiconazole, and azoxystrobin in samples of rice paddy soil is presented. The extraction of the pesticides from soil samples was performed by using a modified quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe (QuEChERS) method. Some extraction conditions such as salt addition, sample acidification, use of buffer, and cleanup step were evaluated. The optimized method dealt with a single extraction of the compounds under study with acidified acetonitrile, followed by the addition of MgSO(4) and NaCl prior to the final determination by liquid chromatography-atmospheric chemical pressure ionization-tandem mass spectrometry. Validation studies were carried out in soil samples. Recoveries of the spiked samples ranged between 70.3 and 120% with relative standard deviation lower than 18.2%. The limits of quantification were between 10 and 50 μg kg(-1). The method was applied to the analysis of real samples of soils where rice is cultivated.  相似文献