Polyphenols-enriched Chardonnay white wine and sparkling Pinot Noir red wine identically prevent early atherosclerosis in hamsters     

Auger C  Rouanet JM  Vanderlinde R  Bornet A  Décordé K  Lequeux N  Cristol JP  Teissedre PL 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2005,53(25):9823-9829

The effects of a white wine enriched with polyphenols (PEWW) from Chardonnay grapes and of a sparkling red wine (SRW) from Pinot Noir and Chardonnay grapes were studied for the first time on early atherosclerosis in hamsters. Animals were fed an atherogenic diet for 12 weeks. They received by force-feeding PEWW, SRW, ethanol 12% (ETH), or water as control (mimicking a moderate consumption of approximately 2 red wine glasses per meal for a 70 kg human). Plasma cholesterol concentrations were lower in groups that consumed PEWW and SRW accompanied by an increase in the ratio apo A-1/apo B. Liver-specific activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase were significantly increased by PEWW (38 and 16%, respectively) and by SRW (48 and 15%, respectively). PEWW and ETH significantly increased plasma antioxidant capacity and vitamin A concentrations. Aortic fatty streak area (AFSA) was significantly strongly reduced in the groups receiving PEWW (85%) and SRW (89%) in comparison with the control. AFSA was reduced by ethanol to a lesser extent (58%). These data suggest that tannins from the phenolics-enriched white wine induce a protective effect against early atherosclerosis comparable to that produced by sparkling red wine containing tanins and anthocyanins and dissociated from the antioxidant action of these compounds.  相似文献   

Maximum a posteriori estimation of the daily ozone peaks in Mexico City     

Luis?J.?álvarezEmail author  Adrián?A.?Fernández-Bremauntz  Eliane?R.?Rodrigues  Guadalupe?Tzintzun 《Journal of Agricultural, Biological & Environmental Statistics》2005,10(3):276-290

Exposure to high levels of pollution is a persistent problem in large cities throughout the world. The ability to predict the occurrence of a high level of a pollutant allows environmental authorities to take preventive measures, such as controlling the emission of pollution. Communities and officials can also take actions to reduce the exposure of susceptible groups in the population. Therefore, being able to estimate the behavior of a given pollutant is of great importance. In this article we use a Markov chain model to study this behavior. In order to do so, we consider the sequence of the daily maximum measurements of a pollutant and let successive intervals containing them follow a Markov chain of order K>-0. The novelty here is that we allow K to be a random variable and estimate it and the corresponding transition probabilities using a maximum a posteriori method. The results are used to perform estimations about the behavior of ozone levels in Mexico City.  相似文献   

Dietary wine phenolics catechin, quercetin, and resveratrol efficiently protect hypercholesterolemic hamsters against aortic fatty streak accumulation   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

Auger C  Teissedre PL  Gérain P  Lequeux N  Bornet A  Serisier S  Besançon P  Caporiccio B  Cristol JP  Rouanet JM 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2005,53(6):2015-2021

The effects of the phenolic compounds catechin (Cat), quercetin (Qer), and resveratrol (Res) present in red wine on early atherosclerosis were studied in hamsters. Hamsters (n = 32) were divided into 4 groups of 8 and fed an atherogenic diet for 12 weeks. They received by force-feeding 7.14 mL/(kg of body wt.day) Cat, Qer, or Res in water [2.856 mg/(kg of body wt.day) for Cat and 0.1428 mg/(kg of body wt.dday) for Qer and Res], mimicking a moderate consumption of alcohol-free red wine (equivalent to that supplied by the consumption of about two glasses of red wine per meal for a 70 kg human), or water as control. Plasma cholesterol concentration was lower in groups that consumed phenolics than in controls. The increase in plasma apolipoprotein (Apo) A1 concentration was mainly due to Cat (26%) and Qer (22%) and to a lesser extent, but nonsignificantly, Res (19%). Apo-B was not affected. Plasma antioxidant capacity was not improved, and there was no sparing effect on plasma vitamins A and E. Plasma iron and copper concentrations were not modified nor were liver super oxide dismutase and catalase activities. A sparing effect of Qer on liver glutathione peroxidase activity appeared, whereas Cat and Res exhibited a smaller effect. Aortic fatty streak area was significantly reduced in the groups receiving Cat (84%) or Qer (80%) or Res (76%) in comparison with the controls. These findings demonstrate that catechin, quercetin, and resveratrol at nutritional doses prevent the development of atherosclerosis through several indirect mechanisms.  相似文献   

Transformation of Eutypa dieback and esca disease pathogen toxins by antagonistic fungal strains reveals a second detoxification pathway not present in Vitis vinifera     

Christen D  Tharin M  Perrin-Cherioux S  Abou-Mansour E  Tabacchi R  Défago G 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2005,53(18):7043-7051

Eutypine, 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde, and 3-phenyllactic acid are some of the phytotoxins produced by the pathogens causing Eutypa dieback and esca disease, two trunk diseases of grapevine (Vitis vinifera). Known biocontrol agents such as Fusarium lateritium and Trichoderma sp. were screened for their ability to consume these toxins. Transformation time courses were performed, and an high-performance liquid chromatography-based method was developed to analyze toxin metabolism and to identify and quantify the converted products. The results show that the aldehyde function of eutypine was reduced to eutypinol, as by V. vinifera cv. Merlot, the cultivar tolerant to Eutypa dieback. We revealed a supplementary detoxification pathway, not known in Merlot, where the aldehyde function was oxidized to eutypinic acid. Moreover, some strains tested could further metabolize the transformation products. Every strain tested could transform 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde to the corresponding alcohol and acid, and these intermediates disappeared totally at the end of the time courses. When biological assays on cells of V. vinifera cv. Chasselas were carried out, the transformation products exhibited a lower toxicity than the toxins. The possibility of selecting new biocontrol agents against trunk diseases of grapevine based on microbial detoxification is discussed.  相似文献   

Phenolics from commercialized grape extracts prevent early atherosclerotic lesions in hamsters by mechanisms other than antioxidant effect     

Auger C  Gérain P  Laurent-Bichon F  Portet K  Bornet A  Caporiccio B  Cros G  Teissédre PL  Rouanet JM 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2004,52(16):5297-5302

The aim of this study was to evaluate the antiatherosclerotic effect of commercially available phenolic-rich extracts from grape seeds (ExGrape seeds, EGS; grape seed extract, GSE) and marc (ExGrape total, EGT) in cholesterol-fed hamsters and to investigate possible operating mechanisms. These extracts fed at a moderate dose mimicking two glasses of red wine per meal reduced plasma cholesterol (-11% on average) but did not affect plasma antioxidant capacity of hamsters. The extracts prevented the development of aortic atherosclerosis by 68% (EGS), 63% (EGT), and 34% (GSE). Elsewhere, in an ex vivo experiment using rat aortic rings, EGS (7 microg/mL) induced 77% endothelium-dependent relaxation, whereas EGT and GSE (30 microg/mL) induced 84 and 72%, respectively. These results suggests that phenolic extracts from grape seeds and marc are beneficial in inhibiting atherosclerosis by indirect mechanism(s).  相似文献   

Grape seed extract affects proliferation and differentiation of human intestinal Caco-2 cells   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Laurent C  Besançon P  Auger C  Rouanet JM  Caporiccio B 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2004,52(11):3301-3308

The effect of daily contact of a grape seed extract (GSE) on Caco-2 cell proliferation and differentiation was investigated. GSE at 400 mg/L was added to Caco-2 cells for 2 h a day after successive incubation in saliva, gastric, and pancreatic media. When applied at the beginning of the cell culture, GSE triggered inhibition of cell growth associated with a possible cytotoxic reaction. On the other hand, when the treatment was applied to confluent cells, treated cells displayed a higher protein content than control cells and a more developed brush border, with taller and denser microvilli. These observations were accompanied by stimulation of alkaline phosphatase activity, especially at day 5 postconfluency, with a 2.2-fold increase in comparison with the control. On the other hand, aminopeptidase N activity was inhibited throughout the differentiation period in GSE-treated cells to reach 28.8% of control cell activity on day 30. GSE did not affect either sucrase-isomaltase activity or cytoplasmic lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity, which otherwise appeared to be a good cellular marker. GSE treatment of Caco-2 cells thus inhibited their proliferation from seeding onward and stimulated both proliferation and differentiation after confluency.  相似文献   

Shading effect on physiological parameters and in vitro embryo production of tropical adapted Nellore heifers in integrated crop-livestock-forest systems     

Leite da Silva  Wilian Aparecido  Poehland  Ralf  Carvalho de Oliveira  Caroline  Ribeiro Ferreira  Mariane Gabriela Cesar  Garcia de Almeida  Ricardo  Cáceres  Mirela Brochado Souza  Macedo  Gustavo Guerino  da Costa e Silva  Eliane Vianna  Alves  Fabiana Villa  Nogueira  Eriklis  de Andrade Melo-Sterza  Fabiana 《Tropical animal health and production》2020,52(5):2273-2281

Tropical Animal Health and Production - The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of increased shadow supply in integrated crop-livestock-forest systems on in vitro embryonic development and...  相似文献   

Potential synergistic effect of Melia azedarach fruit extract and Beauveria bassiana in the control of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus (Acari: Ixodidae) in cattle infestations     

Sousa LA  Pires HB  Soares SF  Ferri PH  Ribas P  Lima EM  Furlong J  Bittencourt VR  Perinotto WM  Borges LM 《Veterinary parasitology》2011,175(3-4):320-324

The use of a concentrate emulsion of Melia azedarach green fruits and a suspension of the fungus Beauveria bassiana was evaluated in the control of Rhipicephalus microplus on artificially infested cattle. The evaluation was conducted following the protocol established by the Brazilian Agriculture Ministry. Five groups of 4 or 5 animals were allocated to one of the following treatments: emulsion concentrate of M. azedarach at 0.25% (T AZED 0.25%), emulsion concentrate of M. azedarach at 0.5% (T AZED 0.5%), B. bassiana at 2.4 × 10(8) conidia (T BASS), association of the concentrate of M. azedarach at 0.25% with B. bassiana at 2.4 × 10(8) conidia (T AZED 0.25%+BASS), and control (untreated). The association of the two compounds provided better results than any one isolated treatment, indicating compatibility or perhaps a synergy between M. azedarach and B. bassiana. This treatment resulted in fewer engorged females (129 ± 70) than in the control group (233 ± 82), showing high performance against all developmental stages of the tick. Results revealed an apparent synergistic effect of M. azedarach and B. bassiana in the control of R. microplus that should be further investigated.  相似文献   

Ibuprofen Genotoxicity in Aquatic Environment: An Experimental Model Using Oreochromis niloticus     

Marilaine Ragugnetti  M?nica L. Adams  Ana T. B. Guimar?es  Graziela Sponchiado  Eliane Carvalho de Vasconcelos  C��ntia Mara Ribas de Oliveira 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2011,218(1-4):361-364

Medicines and their metabolites have been found as water contaminants at very low concentrations; moreover, there is no extensive toxicological data to determine the risks associated with their occurrence in water resources. The ibuprofen genotoxicity potential to the Oreochromis niloticus fish (Tilapia), due to nanograms per liter exposure, was evaluated using the micronucleus test. Acute (48 h) and sub-chronic assays (10 days) were carried out at 300 ng/L ibuprofen aquatic concentration comparing with the negative control group (without treatment), with eight animals per group. The results were assessed from the average of triplicate analyses. The micronucleus frequency in peripheral blood of fish was determined using a sample size of 3,000 erythrocytes per animal. Significance was defined using t test (p????0.05). The bioassay results showed a statistically significant increase in the frequency of micronuclei for both exposure times in comparison to the negative control. The micronucleus frequency observed for the sub-chronic tests was higher than the one identified in the acute assays. The observed ibuprofen genotoxic effects demonstrated an aquatic environmental risk of this pharmaceutical, which occurs for the used fish experimental model in lower concentration than previously described for other aquatic organisms.  相似文献   

Correlation of the highest-energy cosmic rays with nearby extragalactic objects     

Pierre Auger Collaboration  Abraham J  Abreu P  Aglietta M  Aguirre C  Allard D  Allekotte I  Allen J  Allison P  Alvarez C  Alvarez-Muñiz J  Ambrosio M  Anchordoqui L  Andringa S  Anzalone A  Aramo C  Argirò S  Arisaka K  Armengaud E  Arneodo F  Arqueros F  Asch T  Asorey H  Assis P  Atulugama BS  Aublin J  Ave M  Avila G  Bäcker T  Badagnani D  Barbosa AF  Barnhill D  Barroso SL  Bauleo P  Beatty J  Beau T  Becker BR  Becker KH  Bellido JA  Benzvi S  Berat C  Bergmann T  Bernardini P  Bertou X  Biermann PL  Billoir P  Blanch-Bigas O 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2007,318(5852):938-943

Using data collected at the Pierre Auger Observatory during the past 3.7 years, we demonstrated a correlation between the arrival directions of cosmic rays with energy above 6 x 10(19) electron volts and the positions of active galactic nuclei (AGN) lying within approximately 75 megaparsecs. We rejected the hypothesis of an isotropic distribution of these cosmic rays with at least a 99% confidence level from a prescribed a priori test. The correlation we observed is compatible with the hypothesis that the highest-energy particles originate from nearby extragalactic sources whose flux has not been substantially reduced by interaction with the cosmic background radiation. AGN or objects having a similar spatial distribution are possible sources.  相似文献