Physiological Responses of Contrasting Rice Genotypes to Salt Stress at Reproductive Stage   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Maria Elisa B.GERONA  Marjorie P.DEOCAMPO  James A.EGDANE  Abdelbagi M.ISMAIL  Maribel L.DIONISIO-SESE 《水稻科学》2019,26(4):207-219

Salinity is a major abiotic stress affecting plant growth and productivity. Considerable genetic variation is present in rice in response to salt stress, with higher sensitivity during early seedling and reproductive stage. In this study, physiological changes in leaves and developing panicles of rice genotypes(IR686, Sadri, Rc222, CSR28, IR670 and Pokkali) contrasting in salt tolerance at the reproductive stage were evaluated in greenhouse experiment under salt stress. The results showed that IR670 and the tolerant-check Pokkali maintained lower Na~+/K~+ ratio, less reduction in chlorophyll concentration, lower malondialdehyde(MDA) production, higher concentrations of reduced ascorbate(reduced AsA), higher proline accumulation and lower percentage reduction in pollen viability than the salt-sensitive genotypes under salt stress. The higher concentration of reduced AsA suggests an efficient ROS-scavenging system. Physiological measurements and pollen viability analysis revealed that Sadri(moderately tolerant at the seedling stage) is sensitive to salt stress at the flowering stage. The findings will be useful in breeding salt tolerant varieties at both seedling and reproductive stages by selecting appropriate genotypes and phenotypes.  相似文献   

Trends in dietary patterns and compliance with World Health Organization recommendations: a cross-country analysis     

Mazzocchi M  Brasili C  Sandri E 《Public health nutrition》2008,11(5):535-540

OBJECTIVES: To investigate time patterns of compliance with nutrient goals recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO). DESIGN: A single aggregated indicator of distance from the key WHO recommendations for a healthy diet is built using FAOSTAT intake data, bounded between 0 (maximum possible distance from goals) and 1 (perfect adherence). Two hypotheses are tested for different country groupings: (1) whether adherence has improved over time; and (2) whether cross-country disparities in terms of diet healthiness have decreased. SETTING: One hundred and forty-nine countries, including 26 countries belonging to the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) and 115 developing countries (including 43 least developed countries), with yearly data over the period 1961-2002. RESULTS: The Recommendation Compliance Index (RCI) shows significant improvements in adherence to WHO goals for both developing and especially OECD countries. The latter group of countries show the highest levels of the RCI and the largest increase over time, especially between 1981 and 2002. No improvement is detected for least developed countries. A reduction in disparities (convergence of the RCI) is observed only within the OECD grouping. CONCLUSIONS: Adherence to healthy eating guidelines depends on economic development. Diets are improving and converging in advanced economies, but developing and especially least developed countries are still far from meeting WHO nutrition goals. This confirms findings on the double burden of malnutrition and suggests that economic drivers are more relevant than socio-cultural factors in determining the healthiness of diets.  相似文献   

Enrichment and diversity of plant-probiotic microorganisms in the rhizosphere of hybrid maize during four growth cycles     

Christine Picard  Elisa Baruffa  Marco Bosco 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2008,40(1):106-115

The population dynamics of naturally-occurring antibiotic producing and nitrogen fixing rhizobacteria, as well as of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) was investigated for a hybrid of maize (Lo964×Lo1016) in comparison to its two parental lines (Lo964 and Lo1016), during four successive 5-week-long growth cycles in the same pot. Beneficial rhizobacteria, such as nitrogen fixers and 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol (DAPG) and pyrrolnitrin (PRN) producers, as well as AMF were stimulated in the hybrid rhizosphere earlier than in those of the two parental lines. In fact, they were molecularly detected in all rhizospheric samples of the hybrid, independently of the cycle, whereas for the parental lines positive detections occurred only for samples collected after at least two growth cycles. Interestingly, a MPN-PCR approach on rhizospheric DNA samples indicated that, when detected, beneficial rhizobacteria reached similar density in all maize genotypes (2×10³ to 2.2×10⁴ target DNA sequences/g^?1 of root). Concerning the AMF, even if the three maize genotypes were cultivated in the same soil, it appears that each maize genotype stimulates the AMF population differently. Both the hybrid and the Lo964 line were able to select, in the observed time period, their own adapted phylogenetic AMF subgroups (Glomus A for the hybrid, Archeospora for Lo964), whereas the Lo1016 line was not.  相似文献   

Nutritional Contribution of Biofloc within the Diet of Growout and Broodstock of Litopenaeus vannamei,Determined by Stable Isotopes and Fatty Acids          下载免费PDF全文

Edén Magaña‐Gallegos  Rodrigo González‐Zúñiga  Gerard Cuzon  Miguel Arevalo  Eduardo Pacheco  Manuel A. J. Valenzuela  Gabriela Gaxiola  Elisa Chan‐Vivas  Korinthia López‐Aguiar  Elsa Noreña‐Barroso 《Journal of the World Aquaculture Society》2018,49(5):919-932

The relative contributions of feed sources were determined through the isotopic signal (δ¹³C and δ¹⁵N) and fatty acid profile of feed items, shrimp muscle, and eggs of Litopenaeus vannamei reared in a biofloc system. In the growout phase, the isotope analysis showed the biofloc particle size class ≥250 μm contributed 55–100%; size ≥50 < 250 μm contributed 0–22%; and artificial feed contributed 0–45%. Principal component analysis applied to fatty acid profiles showed that biofloc ≥250 μm and artificial feed were the most important items in shrimp growout. For the egg production, isotope analysis suggested that the most important feed sources according to their relative contributions were polychaetes (0–100%), followed by artemia biomass (0–86%) and semi‐moist feed (0–66%), with lower contributions from squid, mussel, and the muscle of L. vannamei broodstock that had been cultured in biofloc. In terms of fatty acids, the most important items were artemia, polychaetes, and semi‐moist feeds. This work clarified the importance of feed sources for shrimp during culture in biofloc systems and during reproduction. Analysis of stable isotopes and fatty acids can be successfully used to trace the assimilation of nutrients during the nutrition of shrimp.  相似文献   

Effects of breed and different lipid dietary supplements on beef quality     

Attilio L. Mordenti  Nico Brogna  Giorgia Canestrari  Elena Bonfante  Stefano Eusebi  Ludovica M. E. Mammi  Elisa Giaretta  Andrea Formigoni 《Animal Science Journal》2019,90(5):619-627

Focus of this study was to evaluate the most suitable breed/crossbred and the appropriate nutritional strategies to increase marbling in beef muscle and to improve its healthy properties, in particular the n‐3 fatty acids content. One hundred and seventy‐six heifers of three crossbreed commonly reared by Emilia‐Romagna farmers: 48 Bleu Belge × Freisian (ITA), 48 Charolais × Aubrac (FRA), and 80 Angus (ANG) were used. Animals of each breed were randomly subdivided in two experimental groups that received two diets, differing for the dietary lipid source. Control group (C) received a basal diet containing protected vegetable fats, whereas treated one (T) received the same basal diet supplemented with 0.9 kg/head/day of extruded flaxseed. After slaughtering, a sample of Longissimus thoracis was collected from each animal for meat quality analysis. Our results demonstrated that, in a shorter fattening period, ANG animals obtained the best dry matter intake, average daily gain and the best fattening scores. ITA and ANG meat presented the highest marbling scores. ANG breed had the highest amount of C18:1, the highest unsaturated/saturated fatty acids ratio and the lowest n‐6/n‐3 ratio. The T animals, independently from breed, showed the highest amount of α‐linolenic acid (ALA). In addition, ANG‐T meat presented the highest ALA content.  相似文献   

Genetic association between different criteria to define sexual precocious heifers with growth,carcass, reproductive and feed efficiency indicator traits in Nellore cattle using genomic information     

Martin Bonamy  Sabrina Kluska  Elisa Peripolli  Marcos Vinícius Antunes de Lemos  Sabrina Thaise Amorim  Roberto Jose Vaca  Raysildo Barbosa Lbo  Letícia Mendes de Castro  Carina Ubirajara de Faria  Fabio Borba Ferrari  Fernando Baldi 《Zeitschrift für Tierzüchtung und Züchtungsbiologie》2019,136(1):15-22

The aim of this study was to estimate genetic parameters for different precocious calving criteria and their relationship with reproductive, growth, carcass and feed efficiency in Nellore cattle using the single‐step genomic BLUP. The reproductive traits used were probability of precocious calving (PPC) at 24 (PPC24), 26 (PPC26), 28 (PPC28) and 30 (PPC30) months of age, stayability (STAY) and scrotal circumference at 455 days of age (SC455). Growth traits such as weights at 240 (W240) and 455 (W455) days of age and adult weight (AW) were used. Rib eye area (REA), subcutaneous fat thickness (SFT), rump fat thickness (RFT) and residual feed intake (RFI) were included in the analyses. The estimation of genetic parameters was performed using a bi‐trait threshold model including genomic information in a single‐step approach. Heritability for PPC traits was moderate to high (0.29–0.56) with highest estimates for PPC24 (0.56) and PPC26 (0.50). Genetic correlation estimates between PPC and STAY weakened as a function of calving age. Correlation with SC455, growth and carcass traits were low (0.25–0.31; ?0.22 to 0.04; ?0.09 to 0.18, respectively), the same occurs with RFI (?0.09 to 0.08), this suggests independence between female sexual precocity and feed efficiency traits. The results of this study encourage the use of PPC traits in Nellore cattle because the selection for such trait would not have a negative impact on reproductive, growth, carcass and feed efficiency indicator traits. Stayability for sexual precocious heifers (PPC24 and PPC26) must be redefined to avoid incorrectly phenotype assignment.  相似文献   

Exploring the Role of Management in the Coproduction of Ecosystem Services from Spanish Wooded Rangelands     

Mario Torralba  Elisa Oteros-Rozas  Gerardo Moreno  Tobias Plieninger 《Strength and Conditioning Journal》2018,71(5):549-559

The wood pastures or hardwood rangelands of the southwestern Iberian Peninsula are complex social-ecological systems created from the long-term interaction of society and the landscape. Dehesa, oak woodlands managed for grazing, cropping, and other forms of production, is the most common rangeland system and one of the most distinctive landscapes. Traditionally characterized by multifunctional low-intensity management that enhances a wide range of ecosystem services, current management has shifted from the traditional toward more intensified models. This paper assesses the coproduction of ecosystem services on dehesa properties by exploring the relationship between biophysical and sociocultural factors and dehesa management practices. Based on 42 surveys we analyze 16 quantitative indicators using multivariate techniques. The results indicate that there are four main dehesa types as defined by their characteristics and management: large heterogeneous operations with diverse products; small and homogeneous operations focused on a reduced number of products; medium-large properties focused on crop production; and midsized properties with easy public access. Management is the result of the dynamics of interacting biophysical and sociocultural factors that influence manager priorities and investments. Management decisions group around the degree of multifunctionality of the operation, the relative importance of crop production, the degree of grazing pressure in the system, and how restrictive public access policy is. We find that in the study area, interactions between all the previously mentioned elements covary consistently, generating bundles of ecosystem services associated with each of three management models based on the intensity of management.  相似文献   

Tissue disposition of azithromycin after intravenous and intramuscular administration to rabbits     

Cárceles CM  Fernández-Varón E  Marín P  Escudero E 《Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997)》2007,174(1):154-159

Tissue disposition of azithromycin after intravenous (IV) or intramuscular (IM) injection at a single dose rate of 10mg/kg bodyweight were investigated in rabbits using a modified agar diffusion bioassay for determining tissue concentrations. The pharmacokinetic behaviour of azithromycin was characterized by low and sustained plasma concentrations but high and persistent tissue concentrations. Kinetic parameters indicated a high retention of the drug in peripheral compartments. The plasma half-lives after IV and IM administrations were similar being 21.8h and 23.1h, respectively, while the half-lives obtained in tissues after IV and IM administration were at least 1.4 and 1.9 times longer than in plasma, respectively. The highest tissue concentrations were found in bile, liver and spleen whereas the lowest ones were found in skeletal muscle (although they were higher than those in plasma). From the results of the single administration in this study an IM dosage regimen can be proposed that achieves minimum concentrations over 2mg/L in rabbits: three doses of 4-5mg/kg/day would provide suitable therapeutic concentrations in pulmonary tissues over seven days.  相似文献   

In situ photo-polymerization of soil organic matter by heterogeneous nano-TiO2 and biomimetic metal-porphyrin catalysts     

Assunta Nuzzo  Elisa Madonna  Pierluigi Mazzei  Riccardo Spaccini  Alessandro Piccolo 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2016,52(4):585-593

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Dispersal of conidia of Fusicladium eriobotryae and spatial patterns of scab in loquat orchards in Spain     

Elisa González-Domínguez  Vittorio Rossi  Sami Jorge Michereff  José García-Jiménez  Josep Armengol 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2014,139(4):849-861

Dispersal of conidia of Fusicladium eriobotryae, the causal agent of loquat scab, was investigated in two loquat orchards in Spain from 2010 to 2012. A volumetric spore sampler, horizontally and vertically orientated microscope slides, and rain collectors were placed in loquat fields to trap conidia of F. eriobotryae. No conidia were collected in the volumetric sampler, and highly variable numbers of conidia were collected in the rain gatherers. Large numbers of conidia were collected by microscope slides, particularly by those held in a horizontal orientation compared with those held in a vertical orientation. Approximately 90 % of the F. eriobotryae conidia were collected during rainy periods. Based on ROC and Bayesian analysis, using ≥ 0.2 mm rainfall as a cut-off value resulted in a high probability of correctly predicting actual conidial dispersal, and had a low probability of failing to predict actual conidial dispersal. Based on the index of dispersion and the binary power law, the incidence of loquat scab on fruit was highly aggregated in space between and within trees, and aggregation was influenced by disease incidence. Our results demonstrate, for the first time, that F. eriobotryae is dispersed mainly in rain splash. The results will be integrated into a mechanistic, weather-driven, disease prediction model that should help growers to minimize fungicide application for the management of loquat scab.  相似文献