A relevant long-term impact of the circulation of a potentially contaminated vaccine on the distribution of scrapie in Italy. Results from a retrospective cohort study     

Bertolini S  Maurella C  Bona C  Ingravalle F  Desiato R  Baioni E  Chiavacci L  Caramelli M  Ru G 《Veterinary research》2012,43(1):63

ABSTRACT: A sudden increase in the incidence of scrapie in Italy in 1997 was subsequently linked to theuse of a potentially infected vaccine against contagious agalactia. The relative risk for theexposed farms ranged between 6 and 40. The aim of this study was to assess the long-termimpact of exposure to the potentially scrapie-contaminated vaccine on the Italian classicalscrapie epidemic. We carried out a retrospective cohort study, fitting mixed-effects Poissonregression models, dividing national geographic areas into exposure categories on the basis ofthe vaccine circulation levels. We took into account the sensitivity of the surveillance systemapplied in the different areas. The population attributable fraction (PAF) was used to assessthe impact on the total population of farms associated with the effect of circulation of thevaccine. The provinces where the vaccine was more often sold were noted to have a higherlevel of disease when compared to those provinces where the vaccine was sold less often(incidence rate ratio [IRR]: 2.7; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.1-6.5). The populationattributable fraction was high (68.4%). Standardization techniques allowed to account for thepotential of geographical variability in the sensitivity of the Italian surveillance system.Although the number of the directly exposed farms was limited, an important long-termimpact of the vaccine circulation could be quantified in terms of secondary outbreaks likelydue to the exchange of animals from directly exposed flocks.  相似文献   

Metabolic and hormonal responses to subcutaneous glucagon in healthy beagles     

Florian K. Zeugswetter Dr med vet  Elisa Schornsteiner Mag med vet  Georg Haimel Mag med vet  Ilse Schwendenwein Dr med vet  DECVCP 《Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care》2012,22(5):558-563

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Ascending tonic‐clonic seizure syndrome in a dog following inadvertent intrathecal use of ionic contrast agent     

Maureen D. Finke DVM  DACVIM  Stacy D. Meola MS  DVM  Elisa M. Mazzaferro MS  DVM  PhD  DACVECC 《Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care》2012,22(4):488-493

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Rice landrace diversity in Nepal. Socio-economic and ecological factors determining rice landrace diversity in three agro-ecozones of Nepal based on farm surveys   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

J. Bajracharya  R. B. Rana  D. Gauchan  B. R. Sthapit  D. I. Jarvis  J. R. Witcombe 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2010,57(7):1013-1022

In Nepal, in traditional rice farming systems many diverse landraces are grown in all of the rice agro-ecosystems from low to high altitude. Three case study sites were selected to represent the major rice agro-ecozones: Bara (100–150 m) for the low-altitude terai (plain); Kaski (700–1,206 m) for the mid-hill zone; and Jumla (2,200–3,000 m) for the high-hill zone. The diversity in rice varieties was compared in these three sites and nine survey villages in a series of surveys conducted in 1998, 1999 and 2006. The level and distribution of diversity on farm varied with the physical and socio-economic settings of the farming communities. The mid-hill site (Kaski) had the highest rice landrace diversity. This was adapted to the diverse agro-ecosystems found there and there was equal diversity in Kule khet (irrigated lands by seasonal canals) and Sim khet (marshy wet land). The next most diverse system was Nicha khet (irrigated lowlands) in Bara, the low-altitude site. The high-hill site (Jumla) had the lowest rice diversity. Across all sites many of the landraces were rarely grown and then only in small areas, reflecting the specialized uses to which they were put. At all sites the most common single landrace occupied less than half of the rice area. Resource-rich farmers were the more important custodians of on-farm rice varietal diversity across the sites. There was more rice diversity in favourable environments than in less favourable ones. This was true whether diversity was measured across sites or across rice domains within sites.  相似文献   

Pharmacokinetics of dexamethasone after intravenous and intramuscular administration in broiler chickens     

Anneleen Watteyn  Heidi Wyns  Elke Plessers  Elisa Russo  Siegrid De Baere  Patrick De Backer  Siska Croubels 《Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997)》2013,195(2):216-220

The aim of this study was to determine the pharmacokinetics of dexamethasone in broiler chickens. Dexamethasone sodium phosphate (0.3 mg/kg bodyweight) was injected IV or IM and blood samples were collected at 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 and 24 h after administration. Dexamethasone in the plasma samples was measured using a liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry method and the pharmacokinetics analysed according to a one-compartmental model.The maximum plasma concentration after IM administration occurred at 0.37 h. The elimination half-life for dexamethasone was 0.46 h and 0.70 h following IV and IM administration, respectively, which was shorter than other species, while the clearance (1.26 L/h kg) was higher than has been reported for other species (<0.5 L/h kg). The volume of distribution (～1 L/kg) was similar to values reported for other species and the bioavailability of dexamethasone after IM administration was 100%. The results from this study will be useful in investigating whether inflammatory disease may affect the pharmacokinetic parameters of dexamethasone in chickens.  相似文献   

Methadone in combination with acepromazine as premedication prior to neutering in the cat     

Elisa Bortolami  Joanna C Murrell  Louisa S Slingsby 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2013,40(2):181-193

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Status and Regeneration of Himalayan Maple in the Himachal Pradesh: Honing Red List of Plants     

Man S. Rana  Manohar Lal  S. S. Samant 《Journal of Sustainable Forestry》2013,32(8):775-789

The population status and regeneration of a data-deficient tree species were examined in both protected and unprotected areas. The target species was found in six habitat types, seven aspects between 2,100- to 3,300-m altitude, and sites dominated by different species. The species was best represented in a shady moist habitat, north and northwest aspects, altitudinal range >2,700 m, and sites dominated by Acer caesium in both protected and unprotected sites; but the generalized linear model indicated nonsignificant effect of sites, habitat, altitude, and dominance except for aspects. Difference in sapling and seedling density among aspects and sites only was significant. Probability of use and resource use index indicated poor preference and less pressure as fuel. It can be concluded that the species is not under any significant threat in the study area. But, further studies on population status, regeneration, and relationship with environmental factors in a wider geographic region are suggested to evaluate species and place under suitable priority category.  相似文献   

Increase in Cardiac Troponin I in a Lamb with Tetralogy of Fallot     

Elisa Barp NEUWALD  Frederico Aécio Carvalho SOARES  Cristina Terres DREYER  Samuel CARNESELLA  Angelica Terezinha Barth WOUTERS  Félix Hilario Diaz GONZáLEZ  David DRIEMEIER 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2013,75(10):1371-1373

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A case of pili torti in a young adult domestic short‐haired cat     

Elisa Maina  Silvia Colombo  Francesca Abramo  Gianandrea Pasquinelli 《Veterinary dermatology》2013,24(2):289-e68

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Physiological Responses of Contrasting Rice Genotypes to Salt Stress at Reproductive Stage   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Maria Elisa B.GERONA  Marjorie P.DEOCAMPO  James A.EGDANE  Abdelbagi M.ISMAIL  Maribel L.DIONISIO-SESE 《水稻科学》2019,26(4):207-219

Salinity is a major abiotic stress affecting plant growth and productivity. Considerable genetic variation is present in rice in response to salt stress, with higher sensitivity during early seedling and reproductive stage. In this study, physiological changes in leaves and developing panicles of rice genotypes(IR686, Sadri, Rc222, CSR28, IR670 and Pokkali) contrasting in salt tolerance at the reproductive stage were evaluated in greenhouse experiment under salt stress. The results showed that IR670 and the tolerant-check Pokkali maintained lower Na~+/K~+ ratio, less reduction in chlorophyll concentration, lower malondialdehyde(MDA) production, higher concentrations of reduced ascorbate(reduced AsA), higher proline accumulation and lower percentage reduction in pollen viability than the salt-sensitive genotypes under salt stress. The higher concentration of reduced AsA suggests an efficient ROS-scavenging system. Physiological measurements and pollen viability analysis revealed that Sadri(moderately tolerant at the seedling stage) is sensitive to salt stress at the flowering stage. The findings will be useful in breeding salt tolerant varieties at both seedling and reproductive stages by selecting appropriate genotypes and phenotypes.  相似文献