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The stratum corneum (SC), the outermost layer of the epidermis, serves a crucial role in maintaining body hydration and protection from environmental insults. When the stratum corneum is injured or when the genetic blueprints are flawed, the body is at risk of dehydration, secondary infections and allergen sensitization. Advancements in veterinary dermatology have revealed a wide gamut of disease from relatively benign to lethal that specifically arise from flawed structural proteins, enzymes or lipids needed to create the corneocytes and lipid bilayers of the SC. Some conditions closely mimic their human counterparts while others are unique to the dog. This review will focus on forms of ichthyosis in the dog. 相似文献
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Kelsey T. Young Kevin K. Lahmers Holly S. Sellers David E. Stallknecht Rebecca L. Poulson Jerry T. Saliki Stephen Mark Tompkins Ian Padykula Chris Siepker Elizabeth W. Howerth Michelle Todd James B. Stanton 《Journal of veterinary diagnostic investigation》2021,33(2):202
RNA viruses rapidly mutate, which can result in increased virulence, increased escape from vaccine protection, and false-negative detection results. Targeted detection methods have a limited ability to detect unknown viruses and often provide insufficient data to detect coinfections or identify antigenic variants. Random, deep sequencing is a method that can more fully detect and characterize RNA viruses and is often coupled with molecular techniques or culture methods for viral enrichment. We tested viral culture coupled with third-generation sequencing for the ability to detect and characterize RNA viruses. Cultures of bovine viral diarrhea virus, canine distemper virus (CDV), epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus, infectious bronchitis virus, 2 influenza A viruses, and porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome virus were sequenced on the MinION platform using a random, reverse primer in a strand-switching reaction, coupled with PCR-based barcoding. Reads were taxonomically classified and used for reference-based sequence building using a stock personal computer. This method accurately detected and identified complete coding sequence genomes with a minimum of 20× coverage depth for all 7 viruses, including a sample containing 2 viruses. Each lineage-typing region had at least 26× coverage depth for all viruses. Furthermore, analyzing the CDV sample through a pipeline devoid of CDV reference sequences modeled the ability of this protocol to detect unknown viruses. Our results show the ability of this technique to detect and characterize dsRNA, negative- and positive-sense ssRNA, and nonsegmented and segmented RNA viruses. 相似文献
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Kara L. Moreno Elizabeth M. Scallan Beatriz P. Monteiro Paulo V. Steagall Bradley T. Simon 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2021,48(4):570-576
ObjectiveTo evaluate the thermal antinociceptive effects of a high-concentration formulation of buprenorphine alone or followed by hydromorphone in conscious cats.Study designRandomized, blinded, placebo-controlled crossover study design.AnimalsA total of six purpose-bred, adult female ovariohysterectomized Domestic Short Hair cats.MethodsCats were allocated into three treatments each consisting of two injections, subcutaneous then intravenous (IV) administration, 2 hours apart: treatment SS, two injections of 0.9% saline; treatment BS, buprenorphine (0.24 mg kg–1, 1.8 mg mL–1) and saline; and treatment BH, buprenorphine (0.24 mg kg–1) and hydromorphone (0.1 mg kg–1). Skin temperature (ST) and thermal threshold (TT) were recorded before (baseline) and for 24 hours following first injection. TT data were analyzed using mixed linear models and a Benjamini–Hochberg sequential adjustment procedure (p < 0.05).ResultsThere were no significant differences among treatments for baseline ST and TT values, treatment SS over time and between treatments BS and BH. Compared with baseline, TT was significantly increased at all time points in treatments BH and BS except at 2 hours in treatment BS. TT was significantly higher than SS at 3–18 hours and 4–12 hours for treatments BS and BH, respectively. Maximal increases in TT were 47.5 °C at 2 hours, 53.9 °C at 3 hours and 52.4 °C at 6 hours in treatments SS, BS and BH, respectively.Conclusions and clinical relevanceAdministration of IV hydromorphone following high-concentration buprenorphine provided no additional antinociception and decreased the duration of effect when compared with high-concentration buprenorphine alone. Alternative analgesics should be considered if additional analgesia is required after administration of high-concentration buprenorphine. 相似文献
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David Santiago‐Ramos Juan de Dios Figueroa‐Crdenas Jos Juan Vles‐Medina Rosalía Reynoso‐Camacho Minerva Ramos‐Gmez Marcela Gaytn‐Martínez Eduardo Morales‐Snchez 《Cereal Chemistry》2015,92(5):475-480
The objective of the present work was to study the effect of annealing and concentration of Ca(OH)2 (lime) and calcium salts on the thermal and rheological properties of maize starch during an ecological nixtamalization process. Thermal and rheological properties of maize starch changed during the ecological nixtamalization process because of three main causes: the annealing phenomenon, type of calcium salt, and calcium salt concentration. In all treatments thermal properties (To, Tp, and Tf) of nixtamal starch increased owing to the annealing process, whereas the type of salt or lime increased thermal properties and decreased pasting properties in this order: CaCl2 > CaSO4 > Ca(OH)2 ≈ CaCO3. This behavior was because of the dissociation of each salt or lime in water. Anions (OH−) can penetrate much more easily into the starch granule and start the gelatinization process by rupturing hydrogen bonds. Additionally, amylose‐lipid complexes were formed during the nixtamalization processes, as indicated by an increasing peak at 4.5 Å in X‐ray diffraction patterns. 相似文献
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Rita M. Hanel DVM DACVIM DACVECC Lee Palmer DVM MS DACVECC NREMT‐T WEMT CCRP Janice Baker DVM DACVPM Jo‐Anne Brenner BA EMT‐I EMT‐T David Dorman DVM PhD DABVT John C. Gicking DVM DACVECC Brian Gilger DVM MS DACVO DABT Cynthia M. Otto DVM PhD DACVECC DACVSMR Elizabeth Rozanski DVM DACVECC DACVIM Brian Trumpatori DVM 《Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care》2016,26(2):166-233
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Gripshover EM Givens MD Ridpath JF Brock KV Whitley EM Sartin EA 《Veterinary microbiology》2007,125(1-2):11-21
Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) affects cattle populations causing clinical signs that range from subclinical immunosuppression to severe reproductive and respiratory problems. Detection and removal of persistently infected (PI) calves is the single most important factor for control and eradication of BVDV. Current testing strategies to detect PI calves rely heavily on immunohistochemistry (IHC) and a commercially available antigen capture ELISA (ACE) assay. These viral assays depend on 1 or 2 monoclonal antibodies which target the E(rns) glycoprotein of BVDV. The sensitivity and specificity of these two tests have been reported previously. The purpose of this research was to characterize a strain of BVDV (AU501) that was undetectable using IHC and ACE based on a single monoclonal antibody, but was consistently detected in samples from a Holstein steer using virus isolation and PCR testing. Sequencing of this AU501 viral isolate revealed a unique mutation in the portion of the genome coding for the E(rns) glycoprotein. This unique field strain of BVDV demonstrates the risk of relying on a single monoclonal antibody for detection of BVDV. Multiple testing strategies, including polyclonal or pooled monoclonal antibodies that detect more than one viral glycoprotein may be necessary to detect all PI calves and facilitate eradication of BVDV. 相似文献