Successful treatment of 5-fluorouracil toxicosis with hemodialysis     

Jessica S. Henry DVM  Simona Buoncompagni DVM  MS  DACVIM  Sheri Ross BSc  DVM  PhD  DACVIM  Stephanie A. Istvan VMD  DACVECC  Kaila Rizzo DVM  DACVECC  Larry D. Cowgill DVM  PhD  DACVIM  Saya A. Press BVSc  MS  DACVECC 《Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care》2023,33(3):388-392

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A survey of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug use in the post-operative period following equine colic surgery     

Rachel Gibbs  Marco Duz  Emma Shipman 《Equine Veterinary Education》2023,35(2):e121-e130

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Cell wall disruption: An effective strategy to improve the nutritive quality of microalgae in African catfish (Clarias gariepinus)     

Jeleel O. Agboola  Emma Teuling  Peter A. Wierenga  Harry Gruppen  Johan W. Schrama 《Aquaculture Nutrition》2019,25(4):783-797

The rigid cell walls of microalgae may hinder their utilization in fish feeds. The current experiment assessed the correlation between the accessibility of microalgae nutrients and their in vivo digestibility in African catfish. Nannochloropsis gaditana biomass was subjected to physical or mechanical treatments to weaken its cell wall; untreated—no disruption treatment (UNT), pasteurization (PAS), freezing (FRO), freeze‐drying (FRD), cold pasteurization (L40) and bead milling (BEM). Six experimental diets formulated from differently treated and untreated microalgae (at 30% diet inclusion level) were tested on growth performance and apparent nutrient digestibility (ADCs) in juvenile African catfish. A basal diet (REF) containing no microalgae was used as reference diet. Results showed that biomass gain and feed conversion ratio of fish fed L40 and BEM diets increased by 13% and 11%, respectively, relative to the UNT diet. Additionally, FRD, FRO, L40 and BEM cell wall disruption treatments improved protein digestibility by 0.5%, 5.9%, 8.4% and 16.3%, respectively, compared to the UNT treatment. There was a positive correlation between accessibility of microalgal nutrients and their digestibility in African catfish. Nutrient digestibility of microalgae was dependent on extent of cell disruption. Also, the impact of cell disruption on nutrient digestibility of microalgae differs between African catfish and Nile tilapia.  相似文献   

Large-scale experiment shows that nylon leaders reduce shark bycatch and benefit pelagic longline fishers   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Peter Ward  Emma Lawrence  Rebecca Darbyshire  Sheree Hindmarsh 《Fisheries Research》2008,90(1-3):100-108

We assess the performance of wire leaders, which some jurisdictions have banned to reduce shark mortality from pelagic longline fishing. Experiments were conducted off northeastern Australia on commercial vessels that deployed equal numbers of wire and nylon monofilament leaders randomly along their longlines. Catch rates of several species, including sharks, were lower on nylon than on wire leaders, probably because those animals often escape by biting through the nylon leaders. High bite-off rates indicate that as many animals escape from nylon leaders as are caught on nylon leaders. The fate of escaped animals is not known, although large sharks are more likely to survive than are small animals. By contrast, catch rates of valuable bigeye tuna (Thunnus obesus) were higher on nylon than on wire leaders. Bigeye tuna are probably able to see wire leaders and avoid those hooks. The financial benefits of increased bigeye tuna catches outweigh the costs associated with banning wire leaders, such as increased rates of gear loss. Thus, banning wire leaders is an effective way of reducing shark catches that fishers should be keen to adopt.  相似文献   

High genetic diversity of Fusarium circinatum associated with the first outbreak of pitch canker on Pinus patula in South Africa     

Felix F Fru  Emma T Steenkamp  Michael J Wingfield 《Southern Forests》2019,81(1):69-78

The disease known as pitch canker results from infection of Pinus species by the fungus Fusarium circinatum. This fungus also causes a serious root disease of Pinus seedlings and cuttings in forestry nurseries. Pinus radiata and P. patula are especially susceptible to the pathogen, but there are no records of pitch canker on P. patula in established plantations. To date, only planting material of this tree species in nurseries or in plantations at the time of establishment have been infected by F. circinatum. Symptoms of pitch canker have recently emerged in an established P. patula plantation in South Africa and this study sought to determine whether the symptoms were caused by F. circinatum. Isolates from cankers were identified as F. circinatum using morphology and DNA-based diagnostic markers. Microsatellite markers were then used to determine the genetic diversity of a collection of 52 isolates. The entire population included 17 genotypes representing 30 alleles, with a greater number of genotypes collected from younger (three- to six-year-old) than older (12- to 19-year-old) trees. Both mating types of F. circinatum were present, but no evidence of sexual recombination was inferred from population genetic analyses. This is the first record globally of pitch canker on P. patula trees in managed plantations. It is of significant concern to South Africa, where P. patula is the most important Pinus species utilised for plantation forestry.  相似文献   

Identification of permethrin and etofenprox cross‐tolerance in Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato (Acari: Ixodidae)     

Nicholas SG Tucker  Phillip E Kaufman  Emma NI Weeks 《Pest management science》2019,75(10):2794-2801

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Identification of genetic regions associated with black point in barley     

Priya R. Tah  A. Lehmensiek  Glen P. Fox  Emma Mace  Maria Sulman  Gary Bloustein  Grant E. Daggard 《Field Crops Research》2010,115(1):61-66

Black point (BP) can cause severe losses to the barley industry through downgrading and discounting of malting barley. The genetic improvement in BP resistance of barley is complex, requiring reliable screening tools, an understanding of genotype by environment interactions and an understanding of the biochemical mechanisms of melanisation involved in BP development. Thus the application of molecular markers for resistance to BP may be a useful tool for plant breeders. We have investigated the genetic regions associated with BP resistance in the barley F₂ population, Valier/Binalong. Quantitative trait loci (QTLs) contributed by the resistant parent Valier, were detected on chromosomes 2HS, 2HC, 3HL, 4HL and a QTL contributed by the susceptible parent, Binalong was detected on 5HL. Three of the four QTLs were detected in two distinctly different environments. The differences observed in BP resistance between these two environments and the implications for accelerated screening are discussed. Identified SSR markers in these regions may be useful for selecting black point resistance in related breeding materials.  相似文献   

Effects of beta-aminopropionitrile on equine tendon metabolism in vitro and on effects of insulin-like growth factor-I on matrix production by equine tenocytes     

Dahlgren LA  Nixon AJ  Brower-Toland BD 《American journal of veterinary research》2001,62(10):1557-1562

OBJECTIVE: To investigate effects of beta-aminopropionitrile and a combination of insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I and beta-aminopropionitrile on metabolism of equine tendon fibroblasts. SAMPLE POPULATION: Flexor tendon explants from 3 horses. PROCEDURE: Explants received 1 of 4 treatments (control, IGF-I, beta-aminopropionitrile, and IGF-I/beta-aminopropionitrile) for 10 days, and message expression for collagen types I and III was assessed by use of in situ hybridization. Histologic findings, new protein production, and quantitative determinations of glycosaminoglycan, DNA, and de novo collagen synthesis were made. RESULTS: Insulin-like growth factor-I stimulated an anabolic response in tendon. Collagen synthesis and glycosaminoglycan and DNA content of explants were all increased. Beta-aminopropionitrile significantly suppressed collagen synthesis, which was not ameliorated by concurrent IGF-I treatment. Beta-aminopropionitrile caused alterations in cell morphology characterized by large round cells with eccentric nuclei and decreased density of collagen fibers. Protein production and collagen type-III mRNA expression were reduced in these cells. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Treatment with beta-aminopropionitrile resulted in decreased production of protein and collagen synthesis, which could be expected to suppress tendon healing. The negative effects of beta-aminopropionitrile could not be abrogated by addition of IGF-I to the medium. Treatment resulted in alterations in cell morphology and matrix consistency, which could further delay tendon healing. Beta-aminopropionitrile may impair tendon healing at a cellular level by decreasing collagen production or increasing rate of degradation of existing matrix. Because of reduced crosslinking during beta-aminopropionitrile treatment, in combination with transiently decreased tensile strength, alterations in collagen content and structure may weaken the healing tendon.  相似文献   

Subchondral cystic lesions of the proximal extremity of the tibia in horses: 12 cases (1983-2000)     

Textor JA  Nixon AJ  Lumsden J  Ducharme NG 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》2001,218(3):408-413

OBJECTIVE: To determine clinical and radiographic features of subchondral cystic lesions (SCL) of the proximal extremity of the tibia in horses that could be used to classify these lesions as being related to osteochondrosis or osteoarthritis and to evaluate results of surgical debridement. DESIGN: Retrospective study. ANIMALS: 12 horses with 14 SCL. PROCEDURE: Medical records and radiographs obtained before and after treatment were reviewed. RESULTS: In 6 young horses (8 lesions), SCL were considered to be related to osteochondrosis; all involved the lateral tibial condyle. The remaining 6 horses were mature and had radiographic evidence of osteoarthritis in addition to SCL. Arthroscopic debridement was performed in 4 horses in which lesions were considered to be a result of osteochondrosis and in 3 horses with osteoarthritis. Three horses in which SCL were considered to be a result of osteochondrosis performed athletically after debridement. Two horses with moderate osteoarthritis returned to work after arthroscopic debridement but at a lower level of athletic performance. One horse with SCL related to osteochondrosis responded to medical treatment and went on to race. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Results suggest that arthroscopic debridement of SCL is feasible in horses in which lesions involve the cranial portion of the lateral or medial tibial condyle, and that treated horses may be able to perform athletically.  相似文献   

Fractures of the palmar aspect of the carpal bones in horses: 10 cases (1984-2000)     

Wilke M  Nixon AJ  Malark J  Myhre G 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》2001,219(6):801-804

OBJECTIVE: To determine clinical and radiographic findings, treatment, and outcome of horses with fractures of the palmar aspect of the radial carpal bone, with or without concurrent fractures of the palmar surfaces of the other carpal bones. DESIGN: Retrospective study. ANIMALS: 10 horses. PROCEDURE: Medical records were reviewed to obtain information on history, signalment, clinical and radiographic findings, treatment, and outcome. Follow-up information was gathered from owners and referring veterinarians. RESULTS: 7 horses became lame after recovery from general anesthesia for treatment of an unrelated problem. The remaining 3 horses developed a fore-limb lameness after falling (1 horse) or being turned out in a pasture (2 horses). Fractures involved the palmar surface of the radial carpal bone in all 10 horses; in addition, the ulnar carpal bone was affected in 2 horses, the intermediate carpal bone in 2 horses, and the distal aspect of the radius in 4 horses. None of the 4 horses treated nonsurgically returned to work, and 3 were euthanatized because of recalcitrant lameness. In the other 6 horses, fragments were removed surgically. Two were euthanatized because of continued lameness, 1 was euthanatized for other reasons, 2 were sound enough for light work, and 1 returned to athletic work. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Results suggest that fractures of the palmar aspect of the carpal bones are uncommon in horses. The prognosis appears to be poor for affected horses but may be better for horses that undergo arthroscopic removal of intra-articular fragments.  相似文献