Expression of select mRNA in Thoroughbreds with catastrophic racing injuries     

Allen E. Page  Emma Adam  Rick Arthur  Virginia Barker  Forrest Franklin  Ron Friedman  Timothy Grande  Michael Hardy  Bruce Howard  Emma Partridge  Matthew Rutledge  Mary Scollay  John C. Stewart  Alina Vale  David W. Horohov 《Equine veterinary journal》2022,54(1):63-73

  相似文献   

Sourcing Rhizobium leguminosarum biovar viciae strains from Mediterranean centres of origin to optimize nitrogen fixation in forage legumes grown on acid soils     

Ron J. Yates  Robert J. Harrison  Angelo Loi  Emma J. Steel  Tom J. Edwards  Brad J. Nutt  Claudio Porqueddu  Fabio Gresta  John G. Howieson 《Grass and Forage Science》2021,76(1):33-43

Over the last three decades, farming systems in Europe and Australia have seen a decline in legume plantings, leading to reduced soil carbon and fertility, and an increase in plant disease, reliance on industrial nitrogen fertilizer and herbicides. In Australia, one reason for this decline has been the movement towards sowing crops and forages into dry soil, before the opening rains, as a consequence of climate variability. This practice predicates against the survival of rhizobial inoculants, and hence generates uncertainty about legume performance. The research reported here was initiated to improve the robustness of a specific forage legume/rhizobia symbiosis to increase nitrogen fixation in low pH, infertile soils. Rhizobial strains (Rhizobium leguminosarum biovar viciae) from Pisum sativum L. were sourced from acid soils in southern Italy and southern Australia. Strains were evaluated for N fixation on the forage legumes P. sativum, Vicia sativa and Vicia villosa, then for survival and persistence in acid soils (pH_Ca 4.6). Fourteen of the strains produced a higher percentage of nitrogen derived from the atmosphere (%Ndfa) compared to commercial comparator strain SU303 (<78%). Twenty‐two strains survived sufficiently into the second season to form more nodules than SU303, which only achieved 3% of plants nodulated. Elite strains WSM4643 and WSM4645 produced six times more nodulated plants than SU303 and had significantly higher saprophytic competence in acid soil. These strains have the ability to optimize symbiotic associations with field peas and vetch in soils with low fertility, carbon and pH that are restrictive to the current commercial strain SU303.  相似文献   

Optimizing the growth of forage and grain legumes on low pH soils through the application of superior Rhizobium leguminosarum biovar viciae strains     

Ron J. Yates  Emma J. Steel  Chris M. Poole  Robert J. Harrison  Tom J. Edwards  Belinda F. Hackney  Georgina R. Stagg  John G. Howieson 《Grass and Forage Science》2021,76(1):44-56

Climate variability and current farming practices have led to declining soil fertility and pH, with a heavy reliance on fertilizers and herbicides. The addition of forage and grain legumes to farming systems not only improves soil health but also increases farm profitability through nitrogen (N) fertilizer cost offsets. However, the formation of effective symbioses between legumes and rhizobia can be unreliable and is considered at risk when combined with dry sowing practices such as those that have been designed to obviate effects of climate change. This research was initiated to improve the robustness of the legume/rhizobia symbiosis in low pH, infertile and dry soils. Production from two cultivars of field pea (Pisum sativum) and two species of vetch (Vicia spp.), and symbiotic outcomes when inoculated with a range of experimental rhizobial strains (Rhizobium leguminosarum biovar viciae), was assessed in broad acre field trials which simulated farmer practice. New rhizobia strains increased nodulation, N fixation, produced more biomass and higher seed yield than comparator commercial strains. Strain WSM4643 also demonstrated superior survival when desiccated compared to current commercial strains in the laboratory and on seed when delivered as inoculant in peat carriers. WSM4643 is a suitable prospect for a commercial inoculant in Australia and other agricultural areas of the world where growing peas and vetch on soils generally considered problematic for this legume/rhizobia symbiosis. A particular advantage of WSM4643 may be that it potentiates sowing inoculated legumes into dry soil, which is a contemporary response by farmers to climate variation.  相似文献   

On pedagogy of a Soil Science Centre for Doctoral Training     

Philip M. Haygarth  Olivia Lawrenson  Malika Mezeli  Emma J. Sayer  Christopher S. McCloskey  Daniel L. Evans  Guy J. D. Kirk  Andrew M. Tye  David R. Chadwick  Steve P. McGrath  Sacha J. Mooney  Eric Paterson  David A. Robinson  Davey L. Jones 《European Journal of Soil Science》2021,72(6):2320-2329

  相似文献   

Contributions and future priorities for soil science: Comparing perspectives from scientists and stakeholders     

Mihai O. Cimpoiasu  Emily Dowdeswell-Downey  Daniel L. Evans  Christopher S. McCloskey  Lewis S. Rose  Emma J. Sayer 《European Journal of Soil Science》2021,72(6):2538-2557

  相似文献   

Coccolithophores: functional biodiversity, enzymes and bioprospecting     

Reid EL  Worthy CA  Probert I  Ali ST  Love J  Napier J  Littlechild JA  Somerfield PJ  Allen MJ 《Marine drugs》2011,9(4):586-602

Emiliania huxleyi is a single celled, marine phytoplankton with global distribution. As a key species for global biogeochemical cycling, a variety of strains have been amassed in various culture collections. Using a library consisting of 52 strains of E. huxleyi and an 'in house' enzyme screening program, we have assessed the functional biodiversity within this species of fundamental importance to global biogeochemical cycling, whilst at the same time determining their potential for exploitation in biocatalytic applications. Here, we describe the screening of E. huxleyi strains, as well as a coccolithovirus infected strain, for commercially relevant biocatalytic enzymes such as acid/alkali phosphodiesterase, acid/alkali phosphomonoesterase, EC1.1.1-type dehydrogenase, EC1.3.1-type dehydrogenase and carboxylesterase.  相似文献   

Promoting microbial immobilization of soil nitrogen during restoration of abandoned agricultural fields by organic additions     

Tibor Szili-Kovács  Katalin Török  Emma L. Tilston  David W. Hopkins 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2007,43(6):823-828

Application of organic materials to soils to enhance N immobilization into microbial biomass, thereby reducing inorganic N concentrations, was studied as a management option to accelerate the reestablishment of the native vegetation on abandoned arable fields on sandy soils the Kiskunság National Park, Hungary. Sucrose and sawdust were used at three different topographic sites over 4 years. N availability and extractable inorganic N concentrations were significantly reduced in all sites. Soil microbial biomass C and microbial biomass N increased significantly following C additions, but the microbial C to microbial N ratio remained unaffected. It is concluded that the combined application of the rapidly utilized C source (sucrose) promoted N immobilization, whereas the addition of the slowly utilized C source (sawdust) maintained the elevated microbial biomass C and microbial biomass N in the field.  相似文献   

Phenolic compounds and related enzymes are not rate-limiting in browning development of fresh-cut potatoes     

Cantos E  Tudela JA  Gil MI  Espín JC 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2002,50(10):3015-3023

The effect of minimal processing on polyphenol oxidase (PPO), peroxidase (POD), phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), and phenolic compounds was studied in five potato cultivars (Agria, Cara, Liseta, Monalisa, and Spunta). Minimal processing caused an overall increase in PPO, POD, and PAL activities. The isoform pattern of PPO was the same for all of the cultivars before and after processing. No latent PPO was detected. The isoperoxidase pattern was approximately the same among cultivars. An increase in POD activity was related to the specific induction of an acidic isoperoxidase. PAL showed an induction pattern characterized by the presence of a maximum peak of activity after 4 days of processing for all of the cultivars. The sequence of browning susceptibility of potato cultivars was as follows: Monalisa > Spunta > Liseta > Cara > Agria. Browning development was only partially correlated to PAL activity (only during the first 4 days after wounding). However, this correlation could not explain the above sequence of browning susceptibility. Minimal processing caused an increase of chlorogenic acid, whereas tyrosine content remained unchanged. In summary, no significant correlation was found between either rate or degree of browning and any other biochemical and physiological attribute investigated (PPO, POD, hydrogen peroxide, ascorbic acid content, and initial phenolics content as well as total and individual phenolics accumulation).  相似文献   

Report from the conference, ‘identifying obstacles to applying big data in agriculture’     

White  Emma L.  Thomasson  J. Alex  Auvermann  Brent  Kitchen  Newell R.  Pierson  Leland Sandy  Porter  Dana  Baillie  Craig  Hamann  Hendrik  Hoogenboom  Gerrit  Janzen  Todd  Khosla  Rajiv  Lowenberg-DeBoer  James  McIntosh  Matt  Murray  Seth  Osborn  Dave  Shetty  Ashoo  Stevenson  Craig  Tevis  Joe  Werner  Fletcher 《Precision Agriculture》2021,22(1):306-315

Precision Agriculture - Data-centric technology has not undergone widespread adoption in production agriculture but could address global needs for food security and farm profitability. Participants...  相似文献   

Integration of β-Glucan Fibre Rich Fractions from Barley and Mushrooms to Form Healthy Extruded Snacks     

Margaret A. Brennan  Emma Derbyshire  Brijesh K. Tiwari  Charles S. Brennan 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》2013,68(1):78-82

β-glucan is a commonly researched plant cell wall component that when incorporated into food products has been associated with cholesterol and glycaemic response reductions. This study focusses on β-glucan rich fractions from barley and mushroom used in the production of extruded ready to eat snacks. Inclusion of barley β-glucan rich fractions and mushroom β-glucan fractions at 10 % levels increased the total dietary fibre content of extrudates compared to the control (P?<?0.05). Product expansion increased with the introduction of both barley and mushroom fraction (P?<?0.05) which in turn resulted in a reduction in product hardness (P?<?0.05). In vitro digestion protocol illustrated that inclusion of barley and mushroom β-glucan rich fractions manipulated the starch digestibility profile and hence rate of glucose release during digestion compared to the control sample. This in turn resulted in a significant (P?<?0.05) reduction in potential glycaemic response of the samples of between 20 and 25 % for barley β-glucan rich fractions and between 17 and 25 % for mushroom β-glucan rich fractions. We conclude that the inclusion of these fractions could be utilised by the food industry to manipulate the glycaemic response of extruded snack products.  相似文献