Surgical Treatment of an Intracranial Epidermoid Cyst in a Dog     

Steven De Decker DVM  PhD  Emma Davies DVM  Diplomate ECVN  Livia Benigni DVM  Diplomate ECVDI  Helen Wilson BVSc  Ludovic Pelligand DVM  PhD  Diplomate ECVAA  Emma L. Rayner BSc  BVetMed  FRCPath  MRCVS  Nadia Shihab MA  VetMB  Diplomate ECVN  Holger A. Volk DVM  PhD  Diplomate ECVN 《Veterinary surgery : VS》2012,41(6):766-771

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Increase in chemokines CXCL10 and CCL2 in blood from pigs infected with high compared to low virulence African swine fever virus isolates     

Emma Fishbourne  Evelyne Hutet  Charles Abrams  Roland Cariolet  Marie-Frédérique Le Potier  Haru-H Takamatsu  Linda K Dixon 《Veterinary research》2013,44(1):87

Modulation of the expression of chemokines and chemokine receptors in whole blood was compared following infection of pigs with high and low virulence isolates of African swine fever virus. Levels of mRNAs for CCL2, CCL3L1, CCL4, CXCL10, CCR1 and CCR5 were significantly increased in at least one time point following infection in two experiments and CCL5, CCR9 and CXCR4 mRNA were significantly increased in one of the experiments. The results showed that greatest fold increases in mRNAs for CXCL10 and CCL2 were observed following infection of pigs. CXCL10 mRNA was increased by up to 15 fold in infected compared to uninfected pigs. CXCL10 protein was also detected in serum from pigs infected with the high virulence Benin 97/1 isolate. Levels of CCL2 mRNA were increased in pigs infected with high virulence Benin 97/1 isolate compared to low virulence OURT88/3 isolate and this correlated with an increase of greater than 30 fold in levels of CCL2 protein detected in serum from pigs infected with this isolate. An increase in overall chemotaxis active compounds in defibrinated plasma samples from Benin 97/1 infected pigs was observed at 3 days post-infection (dpi) and a decrease by 7 dpi as measured by chemotaxis assay using normal pig leucocytes in vitro. Increased levels of CXCL10 may either contribute to the activation of lymphocyte priming toward the Th1 phenotype or induction of T lymphocyte apoptosis. Increased levels of CCL2, a chemoattractant for macrophages, may result in increased recruitment of monocytes from bone marrow thus increasing the pool of cells susceptible to infection.  相似文献   

High genetic diversity of Fusarium circinatum associated with the first outbreak of pitch canker on Pinus patula in South Africa     

Felix F Fru  Emma T Steenkamp  Michael J Wingfield 《Southern Forests》2019,81(1):69-78

The disease known as pitch canker results from infection of Pinus species by the fungus Fusarium circinatum. This fungus also causes a serious root disease of Pinus seedlings and cuttings in forestry nurseries. Pinus radiata and P. patula are especially susceptible to the pathogen, but there are no records of pitch canker on P. patula in established plantations. To date, only planting material of this tree species in nurseries or in plantations at the time of establishment have been infected by F. circinatum. Symptoms of pitch canker have recently emerged in an established P. patula plantation in South Africa and this study sought to determine whether the symptoms were caused by F. circinatum. Isolates from cankers were identified as F. circinatum using morphology and DNA-based diagnostic markers. Microsatellite markers were then used to determine the genetic diversity of a collection of 52 isolates. The entire population included 17 genotypes representing 30 alleles, with a greater number of genotypes collected from younger (three- to six-year-old) than older (12- to 19-year-old) trees. Both mating types of F. circinatum were present, but no evidence of sexual recombination was inferred from population genetic analyses. This is the first record globally of pitch canker on P. patula trees in managed plantations. It is of significant concern to South Africa, where P. patula is the most important Pinus species utilised for plantation forestry.  相似文献   

Identification of permethrin and etofenprox cross‐tolerance in Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato (Acari: Ixodidae)     

Nicholas SG Tucker  Phillip E Kaufman  Emma NI Weeks 《Pest management science》2019,75(10):2794-2801

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MRI has limited agreement with CT in the evaluation of vertebral fractures of the canine trauma patient     

Aitor Gallastegui  Emma Davies  Allison L. Zwingenberger  Stephanie Nykamp  Mark Rishniw  Philippa J. Johnson 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》2019,60(5):533-542

Complete assessment of vertebral trauma in dogs currently requires CT and MRI for evaluation of the osseous and soft tissue structures that contribute to vertebral stability. Some studies in people have suggested that MRI may be sensitive and specific at detecting vertebral fractures making this potentially a single modality that could be used in spinal trauma evaluation. This study aimed to assess the ability for observers to evaluate vertebral fractures using MRI when compared to CT, which was used as the reference standard. Twenty‐nine dogs with previously diagnosed acute vertebral fractures and four dogs with no vertebral fracture that had undergone sequential CT and MRI were included into the study. One hundred twenty‐eight vertebrae were evaluated for the presence of fractures. Imaging studies were read by two observers blinded to the history. While both observers had similarly high sensitivity and specificity for simple detection of any fractured vertebrae, interobserver agreement was only moderate (κ = 0.584). When evaluations were specifically limited to detection of structurally unstable fractured vertebrae both observers showed improved specificity and interobserver agreement became substantial (κ = 0.650). Complete agreement for exact fracture location between MRI and CT results was only achieved in 14.3‐32.6% of fractured vertebra with up to 79% of fractures being missed in some vertebral structures. This suggests that although MRI may be able to detect the presence of fractured vertebrae, it is not able to replace CT for the complete evaluation of the traumatized spine and documentation of fracture morphology.  相似文献   

Ultrasound-guided posterior extraconal block in the dog: anatomical study in cadavers     

Jaime Viscasillas  Richard Everson  Emma Kate Mapletoft  Charlotte Dawson 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2019,46(2):246-250

Objective

To describe a novel ultrasound-guided posterior extraconal block in the dog.

Study design

Prospective experimental cadaveric study.

Animals

A total of 13 Beagle Cross cadaver heads.

Methods

After describing the ultrasound bony landmarks and posterior extraconal local regional technique in one head, 12 heads were used to evaluate the spreading of contrast and evaluate potential complications. A 5–8 MHz microconvex ultrasound probe was positioned caudal to the orbital ligament, with the beam orientated transversely, and then tilted caudally until the orbital fissure was visualized. After identifying the bony structures consistent with the orbital fissure, a needle was advanced using an in-plane technique and 0.5 mL of a 50:50 mixture of iohexol and methylene blue was injected. Computed tomography (CT) and dissection were used to evaluate successful injections and potential complications. The injection was considered successful if radiopaque contrast medium was 5 mm from the orbital fissure. Potential complications were defined as the presence of radiopaque contrast within the globe or the intracalvarial tissues.

Results

The CT images confirmed contrast at the target site in 15/24 (63%) of the injections. Only two injections were found in the temporalis muscle; the rest of the injections were located in the extraconal space. No potential complications such as intracranial spreading of contrast, intravascular or intraocular injection were found.

Conclusions and clinical relevance

The technique can deliver contrast close to the main nerves which provide sensory and motor innervation to the eye. Further studies are needed to evaluate this technique in clinical cases.  相似文献   

Evaluation of a prototype dynamic laryngoplasty system in vitro with an equine vacuum airflow system     

Benjamin J. Ahern  Emily Lukas  Kimberly Lam  Emma Wilke  Francois‐Rene Bertin  Andrew Van Eps  Samantha Franklin 《Veterinary surgery : VS》2019,48(2):173-179

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Chondrogenic differentiation potential of adult and fetal equine cell types     

Emma N. Adam  Jennifer Janes  Rachael Lowney  Joshua Lambert  Parvathy Thampi  Arnold Stromberg  James N. MacLeod 《Veterinary surgery : VS》2019,48(3):375-387

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ASVCP Guidelines: Principles of Quality Assurance and Standards for Veterinary Clinical Pathology (version 3.0)     

Jill E. Arnold  Melinda S. Camus  Kathy P. Freeman  Luca Giori  Emma H. Hooijberg  Unity Jeffery  Jrmie Korchia  Mandy J. Meindel  A Russell Moore  Sandra C. Sisson  Linda M. Vap  Jennifer R. Cook 《Veterinary clinical pathology / American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology》2019,48(4):542-618

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Indicators of success for smart law enforcement in protected areas: A case study for Russian Amur tiger (Panthera tigris altaica) reserves          下载免费PDF全文

Michiel H. H. HÖTTE  Igor A. KOLODIN  Sergei L. BEREZNUK  Jonathan C. SLAGHT  Linda L. KERLEY  Svetlana V. SOUTYRINA  Galina P. SALKINA  Olga Y. ZAUMYSLOVA  Emma J. STOKES  Dale G. MIQUELLE 《Integrative zoology》2016,11(1):2-15

Although considerable conservation resources have been committed to develop and use law enforcement monitoring and management tools such as SMART, measures of success are ill‐defined and, to date, few reports detail results post‐implementation. Here, we present 4 case studies from protected areas with Amur tigers (Panthera tigris altaica) in Russia, in which indicators of success were defined and evaluated at each. The ultimate goal was an increase in tiger numbers to 1 individual/100 km² at each site. We predicted that improvements in law enforcement effectiveness would be followed by increases in prey numbers and, subsequently, tiger numbers. We used short‐term and long‐term indicators of success, including: (i) patrol team effort and effectiveness; (ii) catch per unit effort indicators (to measure reductions in threats); and (iii) changes in target species numbers. In addition to implementing a monitoring system, we focused on improving law enforcement management using an adaptive management process. Over 4 years, we noted clear increases in patrol effort and a partial reduction in threats. Although we did not detect clear trends in ungulate numbers, tiger populations remained stable or increased, suggesting that poaching of tigers may be more limiting than prey depletion. Increased effectiveness is needed before a clear reduction in threats can be noted, and more time is needed before detecting responses in target populations. Nonetheless, delineation of concrete goals and indicators of success provide a means of evaluating progress and weaknesses. Such monitoring should be a central component of law enforcement strategies for protected areas.  相似文献