Bedding hygiene,cleanliness and lying behaviour for heifers housed on wood chip or straw deep bedding     

Juni Rosann Engelien Johanssen  Kristin Marie Sørheim  Turid Strøm  Emma Ida Brunberg 《Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section A - Animal Sciences》2018,68(2):103-111

The aim of this project was to compare the hygienic quality of the bedding, as well as the parasitic load, cleanliness and lying behaviour in heifers kept on either straw or wood chip deep bedding. Fourteen heifers kept in two pens were housed on straw or wood chip bedding for 43 days, after which the bedding material was switched for 43 additional days. Significantly more mould was found in wood chip than in straw and there was a tendency towards less yeast in wood chip. The heifers had a low faecal parasitic load. The results indicate that the wood chip treatment resulted in somewhat cleaner animals. The heifers had a significantly longer total lying time when kept on straw. In conclusion, wood chip deep bedding could be an option as bedding material, but the impact on hygiene of bedding material and lying behaviour needs to be further investigated.  相似文献   

An investigation into the bacterial contamination of goniolenses in use in clinical practice          下载免费PDF全文

Rachael Grundon  Emma Scurrell  John Mould  Emma Hayton‐Lee  Christine Heinrich 《Veterinary ophthalmology》2018,21(5):459-463

Objectives To report the incidence and evaluate the clinical significance of goniolens bacterial contamination in clinical use in dogs with three different usage protocols and one with an added cleaning protocol. Animals Studied and Methods Three groups of twenty dogs undergoing gonioscopy at a private practice in the UK had the goniolenses swabbed for bacteriology culture and identification prior to placement on the cornea. Three protocols of lens use, with 2 different types of goniolens, were studied. One protocol was then repeated with 21 dogs with a lens cleaning protocol prior to storage. Results Low levels of bacterial contamination were found in all 3 initial groups (10‐15%). No correlation was found between usage protocol used and rate of contamination and no correlation was found between length of storage between use and contamination. All bacteria cultured were considered naturally occurring commensals for the canine eye and environment. The group with a cleaning protocol had a 4.7% contamination rate. This was not statistically different from the non‐cleaning groups. Conclusions The rate of bacterial contamination of goniolenses in clinical practice is low and the bacterial contaminants consist of commensal bacteria, unlikely to be of detriment to the eye. Minimal contamination of the goniolenses was found and this did not appear to be of clinical significance. The introduction of a simple cleaning protocol did not produce a statistically significant reduction in bacterial contamination.  相似文献   

Pharmacokinetic evaluation and safety of topical 1% morphine sulfate application on the healthy equine eye          下载免费PDF全文

Emma Gordon  Bernadette V. Stang  Jerry Heidel  Keith P. Poulsen  Christopher K. Cebra  John W. Schlipf Jr. 《Veterinary ophthalmology》2018,21(5):516-523

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Effect of predosing versus slow administration of propofol on the dose required for anaesthetic induction and on physiologic variables in healthy dogs     

Mathieu Raillard  Emma J. Love  Pamela J. Murison 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2018,45(4):414-422

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Two-point ultrasound-guided transversus abdominis plane injection in canine cadavers – a pilot study     

Emma K. Johnson  Sébastien H. Bauquier  Jennifer E. Carter  Ted Whittem  Thierry Beths 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2018,45(6):871-875

Objective

This study evaluated the spread of a two-point transversus abdominis plane (TAP) injection in canine cadavers. Compared with previous techniques, the two-point TAP injection was developed to increase the consistency of local anaesthetic spread to the nerve segments T11, T12, L1, L2 and L3.

Study design

Prospective experimental trial.

Animals

Five fresh canine cadavers.

Methods

Two-point TAP injections were performed under ultrasound guidance by a single trained individual in canine cadavers (15.7–43.0 kg). Each hemi-abdomen was infiltrated and evaluated independently for a total of 10 evaluations of the technique. The first injection was performed at the level of the costo-chondral junction of the thirteenth rib, and the second injection was performed cranial to the tuber coxae. Each injection comprised 0.3 mL kg^–1 methylene blue solution (0.0015 mg mL^–1). Ten minutes after the injections, abdominal wall dissection was performed, and any nerves stained for a minimum of 10 mm along their long axis were identified and recorded.

Results

During all injections, separation of the internal oblique and transversus abdominis muscles was observed on ultrasound. On dissection, branches of T12, T13, L1, L2 and L3 were adequately stained in 30%, 100%, 100%, 90% and 90% of injections, respectively. No staining of branches of T11 occurred in any of the cadavers. In one hemi-abdomen, branches of L1 and L3, but not L2, were stained.

Conclusions and clinical relevance

This study indicates that the two-point TAP injection delivers consistent dye dispersion to adequately stain branches of T13, L1, L2 and L3, with no coverage of T11 and poor coverage of T12, in fresh canine cadavers. An in vivo study using local anaesthetic should be performed to evaluate the analgesic efficacy of this technique in mid to caudal abdominal surgeries.  相似文献   

Effect of stocking density and feeding regime on larval growth,survival, and larval development of Japanese flounder,Paralichthys olivaceus,using live feeds     

Jia Geng  Christina Belfranin  Ian A. Zander  Emma Goldstein  Shubham Mathur  Blanka I. Lederer  Riccardo Benvenuti  Daniel D. Benetti 《Journal of the World Aquaculture Society》2019,50(2):336-345

This research examined the effect of initial stocking density and feeding regime on larval growth and survival of Japanese flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus. Larval rearing trials were conducted in nine 50‐L tanks with different initial stocking densities combined with different feed rations (20 larvae/L with standard feed ration [LD], 80 larvae/L with standard feed ration [HD], and 80 larvae/L with four times the standard feed ration [HD+]). Larvae were stocked on 0 days posthatch (DPH) following hatching of the fertilized embryos. Larval total length (TL), survival rates, and final densities were observed on larval settlement (32 DPH) to evaluate larval rearing performance. At 32 DPH, there were no significant differences (p > .05) in TL or survival rates between the LD (46.5 ± 17.0%) and HD+ (40.3 ± 9.4%). The TL and survival rate of HD (23.1 ± 3.5%) were significantly lower than that of LD and HD+ (p < .05). However, the larval density of HD was significantly higher than that of LD (p < .05). HD+ achieved the best larvae production (32.27 ± 7.51 larvae/L), supported by sufficient food source, high water exchange, and proper water quality management (routine siphoning, surface skimming). The larval‐rearing protocols and larval development from hatching to metamorphosis is described in detail, with corresponding photographs taken during the experiment.  相似文献   

Emergency treatment with intravenous infusion of methylene blue followed by oral administration in a cat presented with severe recurrent methemoglobinemia     

Lara Brunori  Neus Elias Santo-Domingo  Emma Donnelly  Serena Bassolino  Daniel Lewis 《Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care》2023,33(4):460-466

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Cocoa-enriched diet enhances antioxidant enzyme activity and modulates lymphocyte composition in thymus from young rats   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Ramiro-Puig E  Urpí-Sardà M  Pérez-Cano FJ  Franch A  Castellote C  Andrés-Lacueva C  Izquierdo-Pulido M  Castell M 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2007,55(16):6431-6438

Cocoa is a rich source of flavonoids, mainly (-)-epicatechin, (+)-catechin, and procyanidins. This article reports the effect of continuous cocoa intake on antioxidant capacity in plasma and tissues, including lymphoid organs and liver, from young rats. Weaned Wistar rats received natural cocoa (4% or 10% food intake) for three weeks, corresponding to their infancy. Flavonoid absorption was confirmed through the quantification of epicatechin metabolites in urine. Total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and the activity of antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase, were examined. Cocoa intake enhanced TAC in all tissues especially in thymus. Moreover, thymus SOD and catalase activities were also dose-dependently increased by cocoa. It was also analyzed whether the enhanced antioxidant system in thymus could influence its cellular composition. An increase in the percentage of thymocytes in advanced development stage was found. In summary, cocoa diet enhances thymus antioxidant defenses and influences thymocyte differentiation.  相似文献   

Monovarietal extra virgin olive oils: correlation between thermal properties and chemical composition     

Chiavaro E  Vittadini E  Rodriguez-Estrada MT  Cerretani L  Bonoli M  Bendini A  Lercker G 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2007,55(26):10779-10786

Thermal properties of monovarietal extra virgin olive oils were evaluated by means of differential scanning calorimetry (upon cooling) and related to their chemical composition (triacylglycerols, diacylglycerols, total and free fatty acids, oxidation status). The overall crystallization enthalpy did not significantly differ among samples and did not account for the differences observed in chemical compositions. On the contrary, a higher degree of unsaturation in the lipid profile induced a shift of the crystallization onset towards lower temperatures and narrowing of the crystallization temperature range. The presence of triacylglycerol lysis and lipid oxidation products shifted the crystallization towards higher temperatures and the phase transition developed over a larger temperature range. Differential scanning calorimetry thermograms were deconvoluted into three constituent exothermic peaks for all samples. The area of the two lower-temperature exotherms was found to be statistically correlated with the amount of triunsaturated and monosaturated triacylglycerols present in the oil. Thermal properties of extra virgin olive oil were found to be affected by oil chemical composition.  相似文献   

The late Miocene radiation of modern Felidae: a genetic assessment     

Johnson WE  Eizirik E  Pecon-Slattery J  Murphy WJ  Antunes A  Teeling E  O'Brien SJ 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2006,311(5757):73-77

Modern felid species descend from relatively recent (<11 million years ago) divergence and speciation events that produced successful predatory carnivores worldwide but that have confounded taxonomic classifications. A highly resolved molecular phylogeny with divergence dates for all living cat species, derived from autosomal, X-linked, Y-linked, and mitochondrial gene segments (22,789 base pairs) and 16 fossil calibrations define eight principal lineages produced through at least 10 intercontinental migrations facilitated by sea-level fluctuations. A ghost lineage analysis indicates that available felid fossils underestimate (i.e., unrepresented basal branch length) first occurrence by an average of 76%, revealing a low representation of felid lineages in paleontological remains. The phylogenetic performance of distinct gene classes showed that Y-chromosome segments are appreciably more informative than mitochondrial DNA, X-linked, or autosomal genes in resolving the rapid Felidae species radiation.  相似文献