Prevalence of obesity and owners’ perceptions of body condition in pleasure horses and ponies in south‐eastern Australia          下载免费PDF全文

SJ Potter  NJ Bamford  PA Harris  SR Bailey 《Australian veterinary journal》2016,94(11):427-432

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Synchronous climate changes in antarctica and the north atlantic     

EJ Steig  EJ Brook  JWC White  CM Sucher  ML Bender  SJ Lehman  DL Morse  ED Waddington  GD Clow 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1998,282(5386):92-95

Central Greenland ice cores provide evidence of abrupt changes in climate over the past 100,000 years. Many of these changes have also been identified in sedimentary and geochemical signatures in deep-sea sediment cores from the North Atlantic, confirming the link between millennial-scale climate variability and ocean thermohaline circulation. It is shown here that two of the most prominent North Atlantic events-the rapid warming that marks the end of the last glacial period and the Bolling/Allerod-Younger Dryas oscillation-are also recorded in an ice core from Taylor Dome, in the western Ross Sea sector of Antarctica. This result contrasts with evidence from ice cores in other regions of Antarctica, which show an asynchronous response between the Northern and Southern Hemispheres.  相似文献   

Fading of the last giants: an assessment of habitat availability of the Sunda gharial Tomistoma schlegelii and coverage with protected areas     

Dennis Rödder  Jan O. Engler  René Bonke  Frank Weinsheimer  Weslei Pertel 《水产资源保护:海洋与淡水生态系统》2010,20(6):678-684

• 1. The Sunda gharial Tomistoma schlegelii is, with 2500–3000 remaining specimens, one of the least studied and at the same time most endangered crocodile species. Inhabiting peat swamps in Southeast Asia, threats affecting the species are mainly associated with habitat loss and illegal hunting.
• 2. The effectiveness of the existing reserve network in Southeast Asia for the protection of the Sunda garial was assessed by combining spatially explicit habitat analyses derived from land cover information with species distribution modelling. Subsequently, possible improvements of the existing reserve network are derived from the habitat availability analyses.
• 3. The results of the spatially explicit analyses indicate that suitable habitats for the Sunda gharial in Southeast Asia, i.e. peat swamps and riverine forests, are highly fragmented. Spatial coverage of remaining habitats with protected areas fulfilling IUCN standards generally varies among regions and is best in Indonesia. However, large, currently unprotected suitable areas remain in Sumatra. Establishment of 10 additional, already proposed reserves may improve the protection of major parts of the remaining suitable habitats of the Sunda gharial.
• 4. According to the results of this study, the reserve network protecting this species could be significantly improved by expanding it to include seven national reserves not currently listed by the IUCN and an additional 10 reserves that have recently been proposed. Improvements and extensions of the existing reserve networks in Southeast Asia are pivotal to guarantee the long‐term survival of the Sunda gharial. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Farm management factors associated with bulk tank somatic cell count in Irish dairy herds     

PT Kelly  K O'Sullivan  DP Berry  SJ More  WJ Meaney  EJ O'Callaghan  B O'Brien 《Irish veterinary journal》2009,62(Z4):S45

The relationship between bulk tank somatic cell count (SCC) and farm management and infrastructure was examined using data from 398 randomly selected, yet representative, Irish dairy farms where the basal diet is grazed grass. Median bulk tank SCC for the farms was 282,887 cells/ml ranging from 82,209 to 773,028 cells/ml. Two questionnaires were administered through face-to-face contact with each farmer. Herd-level factors associated with bulk tank SCC were determined using linear models with annual somatic cell score (i.e., arithmetic mean of the natural logarithm of bulk tank SCC) included as the dependent variable. All herd level factors were analysed individually in separate regression models, which included an adjustment for geographical location of the farm; a multiple regression model was subsequently developed. Management practices associated with low SCC included the use of dry cow therapy, participation in a milk recording scheme and the use of teat disinfection post-milking. There was an association between low SCC and an increased level of hygiene and frequency of cleaning of the holding yard, passageways and cubicles. Herd management factors associated with bulk tank SCC in Irish grazing herds are generally in agreement with most previous studies from confinement systems of milk production.  相似文献   

Effects of Superovulation with oFSH and Norgestomet/GnRH‐Controlled Release of the LH Surge on Hormone Concentrations,and Yield of Oocytes and Embryos at Specific Developmental Stages     

HM Knijn  W Fokker  GC van der Weijden  SJ Dieleman  PLAM Vos 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2012,47(2):177-183

The objective of this study was to evaluate a new superovulation procedure with oFSH after temporary suppression of the endogenous LH surge by norgestomet followed by administration of GnRH, to collect bovine oocytes and embryos at specific developmental stages. Since 1999, our research group applies this superovulation procedure with controlled release of the endogenous LH surge. The objective of this study is to verify if this procedure is reliable for collection of oocytes and embryos at specific time points of development and if it produces a sufficient number of both oocytes and embryos of good quality. This procedure was validated regarding to hormonal characteristics, superovulatory response and both oocyte and embryo yield at different times of in vivo development. The results demonstrate that the procedure used to control the occurrence of the pre‐ovulatory LH surge was effective in 92% of the animals (n = 238) and even in 99% of the animals the oocytes and embryos were collected at the intended stage of development. The superovulatory response and both oocyte, embryo yield and quality were similar to the average yield in Europe reported by Association Européenne de transfert embryonnaire (AETE). In conclusion, this superovulation procedure provides a valid tool to collect oocytes and embryos at specific time points of development.  相似文献   

Promotion of the cycling of diet-enhancing nutrients by african grazers   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

SJ McNaughton  FF Banyikwa  MM McNaughton 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1997,278(5344):1798-1800

Experiments in Serengeti National Park, Tanzania, provide direct evidence that large, free-ranging mammalian grazers accelerate nutrient cycling in a natural ecosystem in a way that enhances their own carrying capacity. Both nitrogen and sodium were at considerably higher plant-available levels in soils of highly grazed sites than in soils of nearby areas where animal density is sparse. Fencing that uncoupled grazers and soils indicated that the animals promote nitrogen availability on soils of inherently similar fertility and select sites of higher sodium availability as well as enhancing that availability.  相似文献   

Assessment of organoleptic postmortem inspection techniques for bovine offal     

FA UZAL  SJ MORE  B. DOBRENOV  WR KELLY 《Australian veterinary journal》2002,80(1):70-74

Objective To evaluate organoleptic postmortem inspection techniques for bovine livers and kidneys.
Study design At Australian export abattoirs, bovine liver and kidneys are assessed and graded by qualified meat inspectors during normal operations. Over a 12-month period at a large abattoir in eastern Australia during 1997 and 1998, a sample of these organs was reassessed independently using a range of pathological and microbiological methods. Agreement between routine inspection and independent assessment was evaluated using methods of inter-rater agreement.
Results A total of 944 livers and 1374 kidneys were included in the study. All of these organs had been classified during routine inspection. The authors examined 363 livers and 329 kidneys both grossly and histologically, including 36 livers and 14 kidneys that were also subjected to microbiological examination. All other organs were only examined grossly. There was only a moderate level of agreement between the routine and independent assessment methods. For livers, the percentage agreement was 80.2%, McNemar's test of symmetry 55.2 (3 degrees of freedom, P < 0.001) and kappa 0.63. For kidneys, the percentage agreement was 67.8%, McNemar's test of symmetry 9.9 (1df, P = 0.002) and kappa 0.35.
Conclusions The results reinforce concerns from a number of authors about organoleptic postmortem inspection. Risk assessment methodologies offer the opportunity to modify inspection techniques in a manner that is most relevant to current public health concerns.  相似文献   

Produktion von Präparaten auf der Basis von Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis mit UV-inaktivierten Sporen zur biologischen Bekämpfung von Mückenlarven     

Dr. A. Krieg  Susanne Engler  M. Rieger 《Journal of pest science》1980,53(9):129-133

Zusammenfassung Zur Bekämpfung von Stechmücken-Larven geeignete Präparate vonBacillus thuringiensis var.israelensis (B. t. i. = Serotyp H₁₄) enthalten Sporen und parasporale Toxinkristalle. Um die Belastung von Oberflächenwasser mit aktiven Sporen bei einer solchen Bekämpfung möglichst gering zu halten, wurden Untersuchungen durchgeführt mit dem Ziel, die Keimzahl des Biopräparates zu reduzieren. Bei Versuchen mit einem UV-Entkeimungsgerät für Trinkwasser wurde eine 99,99%ige Inaktivierung der Sporen erzielt. Im Biotest bewirkte das bestrahlte Präparat nahezu den gleichen Effekt gegenüber Mückenlarven wie die nichtbestrahlte Suspension. Bei der Anwendung dieses neuenB. t. i.-Präparates in der kalkulierten Aufwandmenge in Oberflächenwasser wird nicht einmal die Toleranzgrenze für die Trinkwasser-Qualität überschritten. Das bedeutet, daß der Einsatz eines UV-behandeltenB. t. i.-Präparates zur Mückenbekämpfung hygienisch unbedenklich ist.

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Production of preparations based on Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis with UV-inactivated spores for biological control of mosquito larvae

Preparations ofBacillus thuringiensis var.israelensis (B. t. i.= serotype H₁₄) contain spores and toxic parasporal crystals. To minimize the loading of surface water with active spores in connection with mosquito control, studies were carried out to reduce the germination index of the spores using an UV equipment for sterilization of drinking water. With this method an inactivation rate of 99.99% could be obtained. In our biotest with mosquito larvae the irradiated preparation induced the same effect as the non treated one. For use ofB. t. i. in the calculated dosage in surface water the tolerance limit for drinking water will not be exceeded. Therefore, application of an UV-treatedB. t. i.-preparation for mosquito control should not be hampered by safety considerations.

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Arbeitsgruppe Prof. Dr.H. W. Ludwig und Dr.W. Schnetter.  相似文献   

    

Arnolb Engler 《Forstwissenschaftliches Centralblatt》1908,30(6):295-314

Ohne Zusammenfassung  相似文献   

Effects of Initial Total Solids on Composting of Raw Manure with Biogas Recovery     

Samy S. Sadaka  Cady R. Engler 《Compost science & utilization》2013,21(4):361-369

A batch anaerobic composting process was investigated to evaluate the potential for biogas recovery from animal manure under the worst scenario of high initial solids and non-well adapted microorganisms. The effects of composting time and initial total solids content on biogas recovery and reduction of solids during anaerobic digestion of swine, poultry and beef manure were studied. Volatile solids reductions averaged 10% or less over a 30-day period for all initial solids contents, which was considerably lower than expected. Reductions in VS increased slightly as initial solids content in the reactor decreased. Reductions in COD were somewhat higher than for VS. The pH values were fairly stable during the composting experiments and within the range suitable for anaerobic digestion. Decreases in TKN and ammonia nitrogen during the process were insignificant, and greater decreases were observed for lower initial solids content in the reactors. Cumulative biogas production increased with decreasing solids content in the reactor for all types of manure. For the lowest initial solids contents (12-14%), swine manure produced more biogas, but at the higher initial solids contents there was little difference among the manure types. Biogas yields were about 0.5 m³/kg VS consumed for the lowest solids contents; however, yields were only about 0.2 m³/kg VS consumed for the higher initial solids. Methane content of the biogas samples averaged 49%. Based on these results, it appears that adapting microbial populations in the high solids feedstock may obtain reasonable biogas production rates and VS reduction during anaerobic digestion. Although some differences in results among the three types of manure were noted, they were not large and likely would not be significant with adapted microbial populations.  相似文献