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Domenico Lafiandra Francesco Sestili Renato D'Ovidio Michela Janni Ermelinda Botticella Gianluca Ferrazzano Marco Silvestri Roberto Ranieri Enzo DeAmbrogio 《Cereal Chemistry》2010,87(1):28-34
Manipulation of starch composition in cereals and particularly in wheat is receiving increasing attention due to recognition of its important role in food and nonfood applications. The amylose/ amylopectin ratio influences the physicochemical properties of starches and nutritional value of derived end products. Identification of the key enzymes involved in the starch biosynthetic pathway has opened new avenues for altering the amylose and amylopectin content in durum and bread wheat. The granule bound starch synthases (GBSSI), or waxy proteins, are the enzymes responsible for amylose synthesis in storage tissues; amylopectin is produced by the concerted action of different enzymes, including starch synthases (SS), branching (SBE), and debranching enzymes (DBE). By altering the level of key enzymes involved in the regulation of starch synthesis, it is possible to generate novel starches with unique functional properties. In this respect, both low and high amylose starches are particularly interesting because they are associated with industrial and processing properties as well as with human health and nutrition. So far, major attention has addressed the manipulation of starch composition in bread wheat, whereas durum wheat has been investigated to a much lesser extent. Approaches currently available to alter amylose/amylopectin ratio and tailor starch composition in durum wheat are presented. 相似文献
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Vettorato E Schöffmann G Burke JG Gibson AJ Clutton ER 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2012,39(5):495-502
Objective To compare isoflurane and sevoflurane in lambs undergoing prolonged anaesthesia for spinal surgery. Study design Prospective randomised clinical study. Animals Eighteen Scottish blackface lambs 3–6 weeks of age and weighing 10–17 kg. Methods After intramuscular medetomidine, anaesthesia was induced and maintained with either isoflurane (group I) or sevoflurane (group S) delivered in oxygen. Meloxicam, morphine, a constant rate infusion of ketamine and atracurium were given intravenously (IV) during surgery. Lungs were ventilated to maintain normocapnia. with peak inspiratory pressures of 20–25 cmH2O. Ephedrine or dextran 40% was administered when mean arterial pressure (MAP) was <55 mmHg. Intrathecal morphine, and IV meloxicam and edrophonium were injected before recovery. Time to loss of palpebral reflex (TLPR) upon induction, cardiorespiratory variables, time at first swallowing and other movement, tracheal extubation, vocalisation, spontaneous head lifting (>1 minute), reunion with the ewe, and the number of MAP treatments were recorded. Statistical analysis utilised anova , Mann–Whitney, t‐test or Pearson’s correlation test as relevant. p < 0.05 was considered significant. Results End‐tidal carbon dioxide (mean ± SD) was significantly lower in group S (5.5 ± 0.6 kPa) than in group I (5.8 ± 0.5 kPa) while MAP (70 ± 11 mmHg) and diastolic arterial blood pressure (60 ± 11 mmHg) were higher in group S than in group I (65 ± 12 and 54 ± 11 mmHg, respectively). No differences were found with TLPR and MAP treatments. Time (median, range) from end of anaesthesia to ewe‐lamb reunion was briefer (p = 0.018) in group S (48, 20–63 minutes). Conclusion Isoflurane and sevoflurane are both suitable for maintaining general anaesthesia in lambs although sevoflurane, as used in this study, allows a more rapid reunion with the ewe. Clinical relevance The principal advantage of sevoflurane over isoflurane during prolonged anaesthesia in lambs is a more rapid recovery. 相似文献
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Biochemical and Protein Profile of Alpaca (Vicugna pacos) Uterine Horn Fluid During Early Pregnancy 
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下载免费PDF全文 ME Argañaraz SA Apichela R Zampini J Vencato C Stelletta 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2015,50(1):121-128
South American camelids show high embryo loss rate, during the first 60 days of pregnancy. One of the factors which may be related to this situation is that over 98% of the embryos implant in the left uterine horn (LUH) even though both ovaries contribute similarly to ovulation. There is scarce information about the uterine environment of female camelids at any physiological state that could explain the capability of the LUH to attract the embryo and maintain pregnancy. We describe, for the first time, the biochemical and protein profile of uterine fluid (UF), addressing the right and LUH environment in non‐pregnant and pregnant alpacas. Different substrates, electrolytes and metabolites were assayed in both uterine horn fluids. Small changes were observed in glucose and total protein levels, which were more noticeable during pregnancy. In addition, 10 specific proteins were found in the left horn fluid in 5‐week‐pregnant alpacas, and two protein bands were identified in non‐pregnant alpaca right horn fluid. These results would provide basic information for identification of possible markers for pregnancy diagnosis, reproductive diseases and hormone‐treated animals evaluation and hence contributing to improve the pregnancy rate. 相似文献
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Seroepidemiological and clinical survey of feline immunodeficiency virus infection in northern Italy
Enzo V. Peri Wilma Ponti Paola Dall'ara Mara Rocchi Alfonso Zecconi Luigi Bonizzi 《Veterinary immunology and immunopathology》1994,40(4):285-297
Four hundred and thirty-nine feline serum samples from cats with different living conditions in the north of Italy were tested for antibodies to feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) and for antigen of Feline Leukemia Virus by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. A Western blot technique was also used on the positive sera in order to confirm the presence of specific antibodies to FIV. The Western blot enabled the detection of a false positive serum. The prevalence of FIV infection in this population was 12.5% and among the seropositive cats a greater proportion was male (74.5%) than female (25.5%). A correlation between the clinical status and the evolution of the pathology is described together with a score based on the severity of the stomatitis in infected cats. The Western blot patterns of positive samples were then compared with the stage of the pathology. Statistical analysis on the distribution of FIV in stray cats, cats with garden and courtyard access and strictly house-confined cats showed a highly significant risk of the infection in the first group. 相似文献
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ObservationsA 12 year old cat was presented for anaesthesia to remove a mandibular squamous cell carcinoma. After intramuscular premedication with dexmedetomidine and methadone, anaesthesia was induced with alfaxalone, administered intravenously (IV) to effect, and maintained with isoflurane vaporized in oxygen, following oro-tracheal intubation. Approximately 5 minutes after performing a mandibular nerve block with 1.16 mg kg?1 of bupivacaine, the cat developed severe cardiovascular depression. Anaesthetic delivery was discontinued and cardiopulmonary resuscitation instituted. Drug administration consisted of atropine (0.02 mg kg?1 IV, repeated three times), followed by atipamezole (0.08 mg kg?1 IV). Dobutamine was subsequently administered (1 μg kg?1 minute?1 IV) until cardiovascular performance was considered satisfactory. During recovery from anaesthesia the cat exhibited seizure-like activity, which was controlled by a variable rate infusion of propofol. The cat made an uneventful recovery following discontinuation of propofol infusion, without residual neurological signs, and the surgical procedure was postponed.ConclusionsThis clinical report describes successful management of cardiovascular and neurological complications following a mandibular nerve block with bupivacaine in a cat. Although treatment was successful, the role played by the drugs administered during resuscitation remains uncertain. 相似文献
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The puroindoline (PIN) proteins in the wheat grain are considered the primary genetic basis of texture. Their lipid-binding nature that enables an effect on texture is also likely related to their antimicrobial properties. A number of mutations leading to hard texture are reported, but their collateral effects on any antimicrobial activities are unknown. To evaluate whether antimicrobial activity is conserved at the tryptophan rich domain (TRD) and affected by point mutations, we designed a series of peptides based on the TRD of proteins encoded by the alleles Pina-D1a, Pina-D1m, Pinb-D1a, Pinb-D1b, Pinb-D1l and Pinb-D1q, as well as by the grain softness protein-1, hordoindoline-a and hordoindoline-b genes. PuroA, Pina-M (Pro-35 to Ser), Hina and GSP-1 peptides displayed measurable antibacterial activity, Pina-M higher than PuroA. Replacement of Arg-39 with Gly decreased the activity considerably, and the five Trp residues in PuroA could not be substituted with Phe without major loss of activity. Except for Pinb-L (Lys-45 to Glu) and Hinb1a, all displayed antifungal activity and none displayed haemolytic activity. The work demonstrates a potential role for this protein family in pathogen protection, stresses the importance of Trp and basic residues, and suggests potential applications in food and health industries. 相似文献
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Daniele Massa Anna Lenzi Enzo Montoneri Marco Ginepro Domenico Prisa Gianluca Burchi 《Journal of plant nutrition》2018,41(3):396-409
Biostimulants are substances promoting plant growth, quality and stress resistance. The present work aimed to investigate whether soluble hydrolysates from biowaste performed as biostimulants. Hibiscus (Hibiscus moscheutos L. subsp. palustris) plants were subjected to four treatments: standard fertilization, low fertilization (LF), and LF with added soluble digestate or soluble compost. Plant performance indicators were biomass accumulation, biometric parameters, leaf gaseous exchanges and elemental composition, and nitrogen (N)-use efficiency. LF negatively affected most of the investigated parameters. However, plants treated with biowaste-derived products performed better than untreated low-fertilized plants (+21 to 145% for biomass accumulation and biometric parameters, and carbon assimilation rate) and for many parameters reached values comparable to those showed by standard-fertilized plants or even higher, as in the case of Potassium (K), Silicon (Si), and Molybdenum (Mo) leaf content, and N use efficiency. Therefore, the tested soluble hydrolysates demonstrated to have biostimulant properties in hibiscus grown under nutritional stress. 相似文献