Revival of a well-known, but ignored correction term for χ² in linkage analysis with small samples     

M. HÜHN 《Plant Breeding》1998,117(1):91-92

The ‘classical’χ² test is routinely applied in linkage analysis. The values customarily used, however, are only approximations since continuous χ² terms are used instead of discrete multinomial terms. This error becomes increasingly important as the sample becomes small. In this note, a well-known correction term for improvement of this approximation is revived and numerically calculated for some interesting cases from linkage studies.  相似文献   

Climate change record in subsurface temperatures: A global perspective   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

HN Pollack  S Huang  PY Shen 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1998,282(5387):279-281

Analyses of underground temperature measurements from 358 boreholes in eastern North America, central Europe, southern Africa, and Australia indicate that, in the 20th century, the average surface temperature of Earth has increased by about 0.5 degreesC and that the 20th century has been the warmest of the past five centuries. The subsurface temperatures also indicate that Earth's mean surface temperature has increased by about 1.0 degreesC over the past five centuries. The geothermal data offer an independent confirmation of the unusual character of 20th-century climate that has emerged from recent multiproxy studies.  相似文献   

Duration of action and hemodynamic properties of mivacurium chloride in dogs anesthetized with halothane.     

L J Smith  P F Moon  V M Lukasik  H N Erb 《American journal of veterinary research》1999,60(9):1047-1050

OBJECTIVE: To describe onset and duration of neuromuscular blockade induced by mivacurium chloride and its associated hemodynamic effects at 3 dosages in healthy dogs. ANIMALS: 7 Labrador Retrievers. PROCEDURE: Anesthesia was induced with thiopental and maintained with halothane in oxygen, and dogs were mechanically ventilated to end-tidal P(CO)2 between 35 and 40 mm Hg. Core temperature, end-tidal P(CO)2, and halothane concentration were kept constant throughout the experiment. Neuromuscular function was assessed by evaluation of the train-of-four response to a supramaximal electrical stimulus of 2 Hz applied to the ulnar nerve every 10 seconds. Blood for determination of plasma cholinesterase activity was obtained prior to administration of mivacurium, a bolus of which was administered IV, using a randomized Latin-square design for dosages of 0.01, 0.02, and 0.05 mg/kg of body weight. RESULTS: All dogs had typical plasma cholinesterase activity. After administration of mivacurium, differences were not evident between groups in heart rate, systolic, mean, or diastolic blood pressure, change at any time in heart rate, systolic, mean, or diastolic blood pressure, or pH. Interval from onset to 100% neuromuscular blockade was 3.92+/-1.70, 2.42+/-0.53, and 1.63+/-0.25 minutes at dosages of 0.01, 0.02, and 0.05 mg/kg, respectively. Duration of measurable neuromuscular blockade was 33.72+/-12.73, 65.38+/-12.82, and 151.0+/-38.50 minutes, respectively. Time of onset and duration of effect differed significantly among dosages. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Mivacurium provides good hemodynamic stability at the dosages tested. In dogs, this drug has a rapid onset and long duration of effect.  相似文献   

Approaches to modeling intramammary infections in dairy cattle     

H. G. Allore  H. N. Erb 《Preventive veterinary medicine》1999,39(4):3662-293

In this paper, three approaches (Markov processes, discrete-event simulation, and differential equations) to modeling intramammary infections (IMI; focusing on the dynamic changes between uninfected, subclinical, and clinical udder-health states) are described. The objectives were to describe the various approaches to modeling intramammary infections, determine if simulations of the examples of the three approaches yield stable prevalences, and discuss the approaches' limitations. The literature review showed that there is no agreement on the proportion of animals that change health states. The approach of discrete-event simulation modeling included the most cow-level risk factors and udder-health states (hence, was judged to replicated best the dynamics of the infection process) and yielded stable prevalences for all udder-health states. However, there remain parts of the dynamics that need further research. These include the pathogen-specific probabilities and times of occurrence for: regression of clinical IMI to subclinical IMI, flare-up of subclinical IMI to clinical IMI, and incidence of subclinical IMI. Also, the assumption in all current approaches of homogenous mixing is violated because the primary contact structure for contagious pathogens during milking is either between cows through residual infectious milk in the milking machine or within a cow by vacuum fluctuations or teat-cup liner slips. Better contact structures should be incorporated so that the effects of control strategies can be better-estimated. Moreover, the three modeling approaches discussed assumed that all non-infected quarters are susceptible to infection—which might be denied by work in genetic resistance.  相似文献   

Glomerular Filtration Rate and Renal Volume in Dogs with Congenital Portosystemic Vascular Anomalies before and after Surgical Ligation     

Todd A. Deppe  Sharon A. Center  Kenneth W. Simpson  Hollis N. Erb  John F. Randolph  Nathan L. Dykes  Amy E. Yeager  Arleigh J. Reynolds 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》1999,13(5):465-471

Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and renal volume were evaluated in dogs with confirmed portosystemic vascular anomalies (PSVA) before and after surgical ligation of their PSVA. Pre- and postligation CBC, serum biochemistry, urinalysis, abdominal ultrasonography with measurement of renal volume, and per rectal scintigraphy were performed to document resolution of abnormalities consistent with portosystemic shunting. GFR was estimated by plasma 99mTc-diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (99mTc-DTPA) clearance before (n = 21) and after (n = 12) surgical correction of PSVA. Preligation 99mTc-DTPA GFR was increased (median, 5.64 mL/minute/kg; range, 3.53-8.49 mL/minute/kg; reference range, 2.83-4.47 mL/minute/kg) in 81% (17/21) of dogs. Postligation 99mTc-DTPA GFR decreased in all 12 evaluated dogs (median change = -42%; P < .001). Preligation renal volume was above the reference range for the left and right kidneys in 71% (10/14) and 69% (11/16) of dogs evaluated, respectively. Right renal volume decreased significantly (n = 5; median change, -45%; P = .03) after surgical ligation of PSVA. These findings document increased GFR and renal volume in dogs with PSVA, which may explain in part the low blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine concentrations encountered in these dogs. Knowledge of changes in GFR associated with PSVA ligation may prove helpful in the anesthetic, drug, and dietary management of affected dogs.  相似文献   

Plant strengtheners enhance parasitoid attraction to herbivore‐damaged cotton via qualitative and quantitative changes in induced volatiles          下载免费PDF全文

Islam S Sobhy  Matthias Erb  Ted CJ Turlings 《Pest management science》2015,71(5):686-693

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Infiltrative lymphocytic mural folliculitis: a histopathological reaction pattern in skin-biopsy specimens from cats with allergic skin disease     

Andrew S. Rosenberg  Danny W. Scott  Hollis N. Erb  Sean P. McDonough 《Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery》2010,12(2):80-85

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Subepidermal linear alignment of mast cells in inflammatory dermatoses of the dog     

Karyn E. Beningo  Danny W. Scott  & Hollis N. Erb 《Veterinary dermatology》2000,11(1):13-16

A recent study demonstrated that 47.7% of dogs with Malassezia dermatitis had a subepidermal linear alignment of mast cells (SLAM). A retrospective histopathological study was conducted on 419 canine skin biopsies to determine if a SLAM was present in other inflammatory diseases. Cases examined included dogs with demodicosis, sarcoptic mange, dermatophytosis, pemphigus foliaceus, pemphigus erythematosus, discoid lupus erythematosus, systemic lupus erythematosus, erythema multiforme, dermatomyositis, staphylococcal pyoderma, primary seborrhea, arthropod bites, contact hypersensitivity, flea bite hypersensitivity, atopy, and food hypersensitivity. Three cases (3/419, 0.7%) were identified with SLAM. The diagnoses for these cases were atopy (1/23, 4%) with a secondary bacterial folliculitis (1/136, 0.7%), pemphigus erythematosus (1/18, 6%), and discoid lupus erythematosus (1/16, 6%). Based on this study, SLAM is significantly more common in Malassezia dermatitis than in other inflammatory diseases.  相似文献   

Descriptive epidemiology of culling in dairy cows from 34 herds in New York State     

Feliciano Milian-Suazo  Hollis N. Erb  R. David Smith 《Preventive veterinary medicine》1988,6(4):243-251

Data on parity, disease, farmers' stated primary reasons for culling and stage of lactation at diagnosis and at culling were used to describe patterns of culling in Holstein lactations from 34 New York herds. Of 7763 lactations, 18.7% ended in culling [death (95 cows), sales for dairy purposes (104 cows), or slaughter]. The culling rates for specific reasons were: dairy purposes 1.3%, low production 3.8%, reproduction 4.8%, udder problems 4.0%, feet and legs 1.2%, old age 0.3%, accidents 0.3% and miscellaneous reasons 2.9%. Culling increased with parity (at least through Lactation 6) and primarily was due to production, reproduction and udder problems. Culling for these 3 reasons peaked immediately after calving, again between 151 and 240 days post-partum (poor milk production) and at >240 days post-partum (poor reproductive performance). First-lactation cows sold for dairy use tended to be sold in early lactation. Death in older cows usually occurred early in lactation and was due to udder problems or to miscellaneous causes.

Compared to lactations without the disease, lactations with a diagnosis of downer cow, clinical mastitis or treat problems were 3.5, 2.0 and 2.7 times more likely to end in culling, respectively. Among cows diagnosed with a disease and culled, many were culled the same day or within 30 days of the diagnosis. Such “immediate” culling upon diagnosis was especially typical of cows with milk fever, downer cow syndrome, left displaced abomasum, teat problems, and foot and leg problems (and for some cases of clinical mastitis), implying that these disorders led to “forced” culling, which was particularly costly to the farmers.  相似文献   

Cecal dilatation and volvulus in dairy cows: 84 cases (1977-1983)   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

S L Fubini  H N Erb  W C Rebhun  D Horne 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》1986,189(1):96-99

The records of 84 cows with cecal dilatation or cecal volvulus were reviewed. The diagnosis was made by exploratory laparotomy or necropsy in 21 cows with cecal dilatation, and in 45 cows with cecal volvulus. Eighteen of the cows with cecal dilatation responded to medical management and the diagnosis was made by physical examination alone. The most useful criteria for determining that surgery was necessary were the presence of a high heart rate, apparent abdominal pain, scant or absence of feces, and the apex of the cecum rotated cranially on rectal examination. The prognosis for cattle with cecal dilatation and volvulus was good following medical therapy or decompression at surgery unless there was severe vascular compromise of the cecum. There was a 10% recurrence rate, and in these cows a partial typhlectomy was performed.  相似文献