Invasive black spiny‐tailed iguanas (Ctenosaura similis) on Gasparilla Island,Florida, USA     

Michael L. AVERY  Eric A. TILLMAN  Conny SPURFELD  Richard M. ENGEMAN  Kelin P. MACIEJEWSKI  Jessica D. BROWN  Emily A. FETZER 《Integrative zoology》2014,9(5):590-597

The native range of Ctenosaura similis extends from southern Mexico through Panama. From an initial introduction of 3 animals in 1979, the species now numbers in the thousands on Gasparilla Island in southwest Florida. In response to complaints of property damage from residents and threats to native species, local officials and the US Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services began a removal program in 2008. Through 2011, trappers removed 9467 ctenosaurs. The number removed declined from 32 iguanas/day in 2008 to 1.9 iguanas/day in 2011 despite no easing of the control effort. We necropsied 2757 ctenosaurs to document aspects of their natural history. Females outnumbered males overall, although the largest size class (>300 mm snout–vent length) included 32 males and just 2 females. Reproduction was seasonal. We found oviducal eggs in females from early Apr to early Jun, approximately 2 months later than C. similis in its native range. We trapped hatchlings from late Jul to early Oct coincident with the summer rainy season. Clutch size increased with female body size, with 62 being the largest clutch size recorded. In general, the biology of the invasive population on Gasparilla Island resembles native C. similis populations in Central America, except for the lack of large individuals. We suggest that shorter day length and colder temperatures create environmental conditions that are suboptimal for individual growth compared to those in the native range.  相似文献   

Vapour pressure of permethrin     

David Wells  B. Terence Grayson  Eric Langner 《Pest management science》1986,17(5):473-476

The vapour pressures of the separate isomers of permethrin have been determined over a range of temperatures by two laboratories using different versions of the gas saturation method. A statistical analysis of the sets of data from the two laboratories shows no significant differences for the cis isomers but a small difference in the 20°C extrapolated values for the trans isomer exists. However, this difference is discounted as arising from experimental error and the mean values of the estimated vapour pressures at 20°C are given as 2.5 μPa (cis) and 1.5 μPa (trans).  相似文献   

Renal adenocarcinoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, and pancreatic islet cell carcinoma in a binturong (Arctictis binturong).     

Eric Klaphake  Ahmed Shoieb  Ed Ramsay  Juergen Schumacher  Linden Craig 《Journal of zoo and wildlife medicine》2005,36(1):127-130

A 19-yr-old binturong (Arctictis binturong) with acute upper respiratory disease was euthanized. Postmortem findings included hepatocellular carcinoma, pancreatic islet cell carcinoma, and renal adenocarcinoma with metastasis to the spleen, pleura, and pericardium. A link between primary hepatic and renal neoplasms has been noted in older humans.  相似文献   

Phylogenetic Analysis of Sugarcane Rusts Based on Sequences of ITS, 5.8 S rDNA and D1/D2 Regions of LSU rDNA     

Eric V VIRTUDAZO  Hitoshi NAKAMURA  Makoto KAKISHIMA 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2001,67(1):28-36

Phylogenetic analysis of sugarcane rusts based on sequences of ITS and the 5.8 S rDNA revealed two highly divergent ITS groups among isolates of Puccinia sp. sensu Muta, 1987 and P. kuehnii specimens. Although there is sufficient divergence (exceeding normal intraspecific variation) between the ITS regions of the two groups to support separation into different species, unusually high homology of the ITS group I sequences with those of members of Cronartium and identical sequences of the D1/D2 regions of the LSU rDNA for all the isolates of “Puccinia sp.” and P. kuehnii that otherwise exhibited different ITS sequences, suggest that the two highly divergent sequences may have resulted from abnormal genetic events leading to non-orthologous, intraspeciflc polymorphisms. The other sugarcane rust, P. melanocephala and the grass rusts, P. miscanthi and P. rufipes, were separated from “Puccinia sp.” and P. kuehnii and from each other in D1/D2 region analyses, indicating that D1/D2 region sequences may more correctly reflect phylogenetic relationships in these rusts than do the ITS regions. Further studies to examine differences in patho-genicity or finer morphological features within P. kuehnii that may be correlated with the high divergence in ITS sequences and experiments to determine if these two sequence types represent intraspeciflc polymorphism are necessary. Received 11 October 2000/ Accepted in revised form 24 November 2000  相似文献   

Microscopic analysis of the effect of azoxystrobin treatments on Mycosphaerella graminicola infection using green fluorescent protein (GFP)‐expressing transformants     

Eric A Rohel  Nadine Cavelier  Derek W Hollomon 《Pest management science》2001,57(11):1017-1022

Green fluorescent protein (GFP)‐expressing transformants were used to investigate the effects of strobilurin fungicide azoxystrobin on Mycosphaerella graminicola infection. Azoxystrobin treatments (125 or 250 g AI ha^?1) were applied at various stages of the infection process under controlled conditions. GFP transformants showed conserved in vitro sensitivity to azoxystrobin and pathogenicity. Azoxystrobin controlled over 90% of M graminicola infections when applied before or during penetration of the pathogen (15% of the incubation phase). Azoxystrobin also impaired the growth of intercellular hyphae in M graminicola post‐penetration infection stages when applied at up to 50% of the incubation phase. Incubating infections observed in treated leaves were viable, but their growth was impaired and they did not induce necrosis under controlled conditions. Reduction by half of azoxystrobin dosage had little or no effect on azoxystrobin efficiency in controlling M graminicola. The contribution of post‐penetration fungistatic effect to azoxystrobin curative properties toward M graminicola in a field situation is discussed. © 2001 Society of Chemical Industry  相似文献   

Learning performances of honeybees (Apis mellifera L) are differentially affected by imidacloprid according to the season     

Decourtye A  Lacassie E  Pham-Delègue MH 《Pest management science》2003,59(3):269-278

To establish the sublethal concentrations domain, acute and chronic oral tests were conducted on caged honeybee workers (Apis mellifera L) using imidacloprid and a metabolite, 5-OH-imidacloprid, under laboratory conditions. The latter showed a 48-h oral LD50 value (153 ng per bee) five times higher than that of imidacloprid (30 ng per bee). Chronic feeding tests indicated that the lowest observed effect concentrations (LOEC) of imidacloprid and of 5-OH-imidacloprid on mortality of winter bees were 24 and 120 microg kg(-1) respectively. Behavioural effects of imidacloprid and 5-OH-imidacloprid were studied using the olfactory conditioning of proboscis extension response at two periods of the year. Winter bees surviving chronic treatment with imidacloprid and 5-OH-imidacloprid had reduced learning performances. The LOEC of imidacloprid was lower in summer bees (12 microg kg(-1)) than in winter bees (48 microg kg(-1)), which points to a greater sensitivity of honeybees behaviour in summer bees, compared to winter bees.  相似文献   

Use of positive contrast rhinography and intranasal sinography for diagnosis of a nasofacial sinus tract in a dog     

Cruz-Arámbulo Rde J  Monnet E  Steyn PF  Shelly S  Hays C 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》2003,222(11):1569-72, 1547

Twelve days after a dog fight, a 2-year-old sexually intact female Bulldog was evaluated because of subcutaneous emphysema of increasing severity throughout the dogs body. Thoracic radiography revealed severe pneumomediastinum from which free air had extended into the retroperitoneal space, resulting in pneumoperitoneum. Tracheoscopic examination did not reveal a discontinuity of the trachea, pharynx, or larynx. A breach between the nasal cavity and subcutaneous tissues of the nasal region was suspected. Further diagnostic investigations included positive contrast rhinography and intranasal sinography. Via an angiographic catheter inserted into the left naris, positive contrast intranasal sinography revealed a sinus tract extending between the left nasal cavity and the subcutaneous tissue of the dorsal aspect of the nasal planum. Resolution of subcutaneous emphysema, pneumomediastinum, and pneumoretroperitoneum began 1 day after surgical closure of the intranasal opening of the sinus tract. To the authors' knowledge, this radiographic technique has not been reported.  相似文献   

Antegrade pyelography for suspected ureteral obstruction in cats: 11 cases (1995-2001)     

Adin CA  Herrgesell EJ  Nyland TG  Hughes JM  Gregory CR  Kyles AE  Cowgill LD  Ling GV 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》2003,222(11):1576-1581

OBJECTIVE: o determine sensitivity and specificity of radiography, ultrasonography, and antegrade pyelography for detection of ureteral obstructions in cats. DESIGN: Retrospective study. ANIMALS: 11 cats. PROCEDURE: Medical records of cats that had radiography, ultrasonography, and antegrade pyelography performed for suspected ureteral obstructions were examined. Ultrasound-guided pyelocentesis and fluoroscopic-assisted antegrade pyelography were performed on 18 kidneys in 11 cats. Obstructive ureteral lesions were confirmed in all cats by surgical or necropsy examination. Sensitivity and specificity of survey radiography, ultrasonography, and antegrade pyelography for identification of ureteral obstructions were calculated. Surgical or necropsy findings were used as the standard for comparison. RESULTS: All cats were azotemic. Mean +/- SD serum creatinine and BUN concentrations were 10.2 +/- 6.1 and 149 +/- 82 mg/dL, respectively. Fifteen of 18 ureters were found to be obstructed at surgery or necropsy. Sensitivity and specificity were 60 and 100% for radiography and 100 and 33% for ultrasonography, respectively, in identification of ureteral obstructions. Leakage of contrast material developed in 8 of 18 kidneys during antegrade pyelography and prevented diagnostic interpretation in 5 of 18 studies. For the 13 diagnostic studies, specificity and sensitivity were 100% by use of the antegrade pyelography technique. Correct identification of the anatomic location of the ureteral obstruction was obtained in 100% of diagnostic antegrade pyelography studies and in 60% of radiography or ultrasonography studies. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Antegrade pyelography can be a useful alternative in the diagnosis and localization of ureteral obstructions in azotemic cats, although leakage of contrast material may prevent interpretation of the study.  相似文献   

Osteomyelitis secondary to trauma involving the proximal end of the radius in horses: five cases (1987-2001)     

Swinebroad EL  Dabareiner RM  Swor TM  Carter GK  Watkins JP  Walker M  Schmitz DG  Honnas CM 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》2003,223(4):486-491

OBJECTIVE: To determine clinical, radiographic, and scintigraphic abnormalities in and treatment and outcome of horses with trauma-induced osteomyelitis of the proximal aspect of the radius. DESIGN: Retrospective study. ANIMALS: 5 horses. PROCEDURE: Data collected from the medical records included signalment; history; horse use; degree of lameness; radiographic, ultrasonographic, and scintigraphic findings; treatment; and outcome. RESULTS: Duration of lameness prior to referral ranged from 14 to 60 days. Mean severity of lameness was grade 3 of 5, and all horses had a single limb affected. All horses had signs of pain during elbow joint manipulation and digital palpation over the lateral aspect of the proximal end of the radius. Radiographic lesions consisted of periosteal proliferation, osteolysis, and subchondral bone lysis. Scintigraphy in 3 horses revealed intense pharmaceutical uptake diffusely involving the proximal end of the radius. Two horses had sepsis of the elbow joint. All horses were treated with antimicrobials long-term; 1 horse was also treated by local perfusion of the radial medullary cavity through an indwelling cannulated screw. At follow-up, all horses had returned to their previous function. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Results suggest that osteomyelitis of the proximal end of the radius can result from a traumatic injury to the antebrachium. Because lesions may be an extension of septic arthritis, a thorough examination of the wound area and elbow joint is recommended. Prolonged systemic antimicrobial treatment can result in a successful outcome.  相似文献   

Diagnostic ophthalmology. Bilateral lenticular coloboma and cortical cataracts          下载免费PDF全文

Grahn BH  Storey E  Cullen CL 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》2003,44(3):245-246

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