Host status and reaction of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Medicago truncatula</Emphasis> accessions to infection by three major pathogens of pea (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Pisum sativum</Emphasis>) and alfalfa (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Medicago sativa</Emphasis>)     

Anne Moussart  Caroline Onfroy  Angelique Lesne  Magali Esquibet  Eric Grenier  Bernard Tivoli 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2007,117(1):57-69

Ditylenchus dipsaci, the stem nematode of alfalfa (Medicago sativa), Mycosphaerella pinodes, cause of Ascochyta blight in pea (Pisum sativum) and Aphanomyces euteiches, cause of pea root rot, result in major yield losses in French alfalfa and pea crops. These diseases are difficult to control and the partial resistances currently available are not effective enough. Medicago truncatula, the barrel medic, is the legume model for genetic studies, which should lead to the identification and characterization of new resistance genes for pathogens. We evaluated a collection of 34 accessions of M. truncatula and nine accessions from three other species (two from M. italica, six from M. littoralis and one from M. polymorpha) for resistance to these three major diseases. We developed screening tests, including standard host references, for each pathogen. Most of the accessions tested were resistant to D. dipsaci, with only three accessions classified as susceptible. A very high level of resistance to M. pinodes was observed among the accessions, none of which was susceptible to this pathogen. Conversely, a high level of variation, from resistant to susceptible accessions, was identified in response to infection by A. euteiches.  相似文献   

D. McKenzie, C. Miller and D.A. Falk (eds.): The Landscape Ecology of Fire     

Eric J. Gustafson 《Landscape Ecology》2012,27(6):925-926

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Screening for neonatal isohemolytic anemia in calves     

D G Luther  H U Cox  W O Nelson 《American journal of veterinary research》1985,46(5):1078-1079

Anti-erythrocytic immunoglobulins in serum and colostrum of 124 anaplasmosis-vaccinated cows were detected with a saline agglutination test. Positive results were correlated with the occurrence of neonatal isohemolytic anemia (NIA) in calves and were used to predict the occurrence of NIA. The disease was prevented by withholding colostrum from calves with a high potential for NIA.  相似文献   

Examination of sera from game birds for antibodies against avian viruses     

R E Gough  W J Cox  D J Alexander 《The Veterinary record》1990,127(5):110-111

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Comparative evaluation of a commercial microdilution method and a conventional disk diffusion method for determination of antibiograms of gram-positive cocci   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

S S Newman  A F Roy  D G Luther  J D Hoskins  H U Cox  M T Kearney 《American journal of veterinary research》1985,46(1):294-297

A commercial broth microdilution system for testing the antimicrobial susceptibility of gram-positive cocci was compared with the standardized disk agar-diffusion method by testing 254 clinical strains of staphylococci and streptococci using both methods. A total of 2,794 parallel determinations were made with 92.3% complete agreement between the 2 methods; of the discrepancies encountered, 3.0% were minor, 2.5% were major, and 2.1% were very major. The results indicate that the commercial microdilution system may provide a reliable quantitative method for antimicrobial susceptibility testing of clinical isolates from animals.  相似文献   

Acute Reactions in Dogs Treated with Doxorubicin: Increased Frequency with the Use of a Generic Formulation     

Brenda S. Phillips  Susan A. Kraegel  Eric Simonson  Bruce R. Madewell 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》1998,12(3):171-172

During a 4-month period, 34 dogs with tumors received a total of 60 doses of a single generic formulation of doxorubicin; 13 acute drug reactions were observed in these 34 dogs, and no acute reactions were observed after replacing the product with the proprietary brand. These reactions were characterized by one or more of the following signs: pruritus; head-shaking; urticaria; erythema of the pinnal, axillary, or inguinal regions; vocalization; vomiting; hyperemic or pale mucous membranes; high heart rate; and high respiratory rate. We propose that a component unique to generic doxorubicin was responsible for the unusually high number of acute drug reactions observed.  相似文献   

Impact of successive drought and re-watering cycles on growth and specific leaf area of two Populus x canadensis (Moench) clones, 'Dorskamp' and 'Luisa_Avanzo'     

Marron N  Dreyer E  Boudouresque E  Delay D  Petit JM  Delmotte FM  Brignolas F 《Tree physiology》2003,23(18):1225-1235

Responses to successive drought and re-watering cycles (1-3 cycles) were compared in greenhouse-grown cuttings of Populus x canadensis (Moench) clones, 'Luisa_ Avanzo' and 'Dorskamp.' Total leaf number increment rate, duration of leaf expansion, total and individual leaf area expansion rates and stomatal conductance were recorded periodically during the experiment. Soil water content (SWC) and predawn leaf water potential (Psi(WP)) were measured four times during each drought cycle. In parallel, relative leaf water content (RWC) and specific leaf area (SLA) were estimated on leaves collected from the top to bottom of each cutting. Under well-watered conditions, 'Luisa_Avanzo' and 'Dorskamp' differed in their patterns of leaf area expansion. Although duration of leaf expansion was similar between clones, 'Luisa_ Avanzo' exhibited higher total leaf number increment rates and individual leaf area increases than 'Dorskamp.' As a result, 'Luisa_Avanzo' cuttings reached larger individual and total leaf areas than 'Dorskamp.' 'Dorskamp' leaves had lower SLA than 'Luisa_Avanzo' leaves. In response to successive drought cycles, both clones underwent decreases in total leaf number increment rates and in total leaf area expansion rates, but both whole-plant and individual leaf areas were drastically reduced only in 'Luisa_Avanzo.' 'Dorskamp' maintained a constant leaf area as a result of an increase in the duration of leaf expansion during drought and a significant stimulation of individual leaf area expansion rate and total leaf number increment rate in response to re-watering. Drought caused a greater decrease in SLA in 'Luisa_Avanzo' than in 'Dorskamp.' Expanded leaves of 'Dorskamp' were constitutively dense or thick, or both, whereas leaves of 'Luisa_Avanzo' became dense or thick, or both, only in response to drought. In both clones, re-watering caused partial recovery of SLA to control values. Our data confirm previous field and greenhouse observations that 'Dorskamp' is more tolerant to successive drought and re-watering cycles than 'Luisa_Avanzo.' We conclude that this difference is mainly attributable to the plasticity of 'Dorskamp' after re-watering, rather than to clonal differences in drought responses.  相似文献   

Biological activity of Glechoma hederacea   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Kumarasamy Y  Cox PJ  Jaspars M  Nahar L  Sarker SD 《Fitoterapia》2002,73(7-8):721-723

The n-hexane, dichloromethane and methanol extracts of the aerial parts of Glechoma hederacea have been screened for antibacterial and free radical scavenging activity. General toxicity (brine shrimp lethality assay) of these extracts has also been assessed.  相似文献   

Kinetics of leaf temperature fluctuation affect isoprene emission from red oak (Quercus rubra) leaves     

Singsaas EL  Laporte MM  Shi JZ  Monson RK  Bowling DR  Johnson K  Lerdau M  Jasentuliytana A  Sharkey TD 《Tree physiology》1999,19(14):917-924

Because the rate of isoprene (2-methyl-1,3-butadiene) emission from plants is highly temperature-dependent, we investigated natural fluctuations in leaf temperature and effects of rapid temperature change on isoprene emission of red oak (Quercus rubra L.) leaves at the top of the canopy at Harvard Forest. Throughout the day, leaves often reached temperatures as much as 15 degrees C above air temperature. The highest temperatures were reached for only a few seconds at a time. We compared isoprene emission rates measured when leaf temperature was changed rapidly with those measured when temperature was changed slowly. In all cases, isoprene emission rate increased with increasing leaf temperature up to about 32 degrees C and then decreased with higher temperatures. The temperature at which isoprene emission rates began to decrease depended on how quickly measurements were made. Isoprene emission rates peaked at 32.5 degrees C when measured hourly, whereas rates peaked at 39 degrees C when measurements were made every four minutes. This behavior reflected the rapid increase in isoprene emission rate that occurred immediately after an increase in leaf temperature, and the subsequent decrease in isoprene emission rate when leaf temperature was held steady for longer than 20 minutes. We concluded that the observed temperature response of isoprene emission rate is a function of measurement protocol. Omitting this parameter from isoprene emission models will not affect simulated isoprene emission rates at mild temperatures, but can increase isoprene emission rates at high temperatures.  相似文献   

Loan financing of smallholder treefarming in the provinces of Ilocos Norte and Ilocos Sur,the Philippines     

Eric L. Hyman 《Agroforestry Systems》1983,1(3):225-243

Following the model of a credit program for pulpwood production and agroforestry by smallholders in another region of the Philippines, the World Bank financed a similar scheme to produce fuelwood for the small-scale tobacco-curing industry in the Ilocos region. This project proved to be unsuccessful due to local cultural attitudes toward borrowing money, inadequate forestry extension services, and the dispersed characteristics of the fuelwood market.  相似文献