Computed tomographic documentation of a comminuted fourth carpal bone fracture associated with carpal instability treated by partial carpal arthrodesis in an Arabian filly     

Waselau M  Bertone AL  Green EM 《Veterinary surgery : VS》2006,35(7):618-625

OBJECTIVE: To report treatment of a unilateral comminuted fourth carpal bone (C4) fracture associated with carpal instability by partial carpal arthrodesis (PCA) of the middle carpal joint (MCJ) and carpometacarpal joint (CMCJ). STUDY DESIGN: Case Report. ANIMALS: An 8-month-old Arabian filly. METHODS: A C4 slab fracture was diagnosed radiographically; however, fracture comminution was conclusively diagnosed after computed tomographic (CT) imaging. PCA of the MCJ and CMCJ was performed with 2 narrow dynamic compression plates. RESULTS: PCA provided appropriate carpal stability and correct limb alignment immediately after surgery. Complete bony fusion with substantial carpal flexion and no lameness at walk or light trot was observed 8 months after surgery. CONCLUSIONS: Carpal CT was successfully used to define fracture configuration after standard radiographic examination failed to delineate comminution. PCA was selected because of joint instability and lateral carpal collapse of MCJ and CMCJ and can be successfully used to treat comminuted C4 slab fractures associated with carpal instability. Moderate MCJ osteoarthritis without radiocarpal joint involvement allows pain-free, substantial carpal flexion and thus, return to low-level pleasure riding may be possible. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: CT imaging may more adequately characterize traumatic carpal bone injury, particularly, when carpal bone fracture configuration cannot be determined on standard radiographs. Early PCA of the MCJ and CMCJ is an useful alternative to treat comminuted C4 slab fractures that cannot be reconstructed.  相似文献   

Serotypes and intimin types of intestinal and faecal strains of eae+ Escherichia coli from weaned pigs     

Malik A  Tóth I  Beutin L  Schmidt H  Taminiau B  Dow MA  Morabito S  Oswald E  Mainil J  Nagy B 《Veterinary microbiology》2006,114(1-2):82-93

Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) that are known to cause severe diarrhoea in children and young rabbits are well characterized, but there are few reports on the serotypes and intimin (eae) types of EPEC in weaned pigs. Based on detection of the eae gene by PCR and by DNA-hybridisation with LEE specific gene probes, 20 intestinal and 17 faecal eae(+) strains from diarrhoeal (164) and non-diarrhoeal (57) weaned pigs from 13 Hungarian farms, representing 12.8% of diarrhoeal and 14.0% of non-diarrhoeal pigs, were identified. The dominant serotype was O123:H11 (40%) among intestinal, and O108:H9 (23%) among faecal strains. The majority (85%) of the intestinal strains possessed eae-beta and 10% carried eae-gamma gene. In contrast, significantly (p<0.025) fewer faecal strains (53%) harboured the eae-beta gene, and 23% were eae-gamma positive. In vitro adhesion tests of intestinal and faecal eae(+) strains indicated adhesion of 20/37 of the strains to PK15 (porcine kidney) cells while only 3/37 strains adhered to HeLa cells. The ultrastructure of intimate bacterial attachment of representative porcine eae(+) strains to PK15 cells showed no pedestal formation, in contrast to the human EPEC (O127:H5, eae-alpha) strain. In conclusion, the data do not demonstrate a significant role for the eae(+)E. coli in porcine post-weaning diarrhoea, but provide new information on a dominant porcine serotype (O123:H11, eae-beta), and on differences of serotypes and intimin types of porcine eae(+) strains according to their site of isolation. Furthermore there was an indication that the PK15 cell line could be used as a model to study in vitro adherence of eae(+)E. coli of some human and porcine origin.  相似文献   

Lipid oxidation in a menhaden oil-in-water emulsion stabilized by sodium caseinate cross-linked with transglutaminase   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Kellerby SS  Gu YS  McClements DJ  Decker EA 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2006,54(26):10222-10227

Transglutaminase-catalyzed cross-linking of interfacial proteins in oil-in-water has been shown to influence physical stability, but little is known about how this reaction impacts lipid oxidation. Therefore, this study evaluated the influence of transglutaminase-induced interfacial protein cross-linking on the oxidative stability of casein-stabilized menhaden oil-in-water emulsions. Interfacial casein in menhaden oil-in-water emulsions cross-linked by transglutaminase (pH 7.0) produced a cohesive interfacial protein layer that could not be removed from the emulsion droplet by Tween 20. Although transglutaminase cross-linked the interfacial casein, these emulsions did not show increased oxidative stability when compared to untreated emulsions as determined by measurement of lipid hydroperoxides and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances. These results indicate that increasing the cohesiveness of proteins at the interface of oil-in-water emulsions does not inhibit lipid oxidation. This could be due to the ability of prooxidative species such as iron to diffuse through the cross-linked protein layer where it could promote the decomposition of lipid hydroperoxides into free radicals that could oxidize unsaturated fatty acids in the emulsion droplet core.  相似文献   

Antioxidant mechanisms of enzymatic hydrolysates of beta-lactoglobulin in food lipid dispersions     

Elias RJ  Bridgewater JD  Vachet RW  Waraho T  McClements DJ  Decker EA 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2006,54(25):9565-9572

The antioxidant activities of aqueous phase beta-lactoglobulin (beta-Lg) and its chymotryptic hydrolysates (CTH) were compared in this study. Proteins and peptides have been shown to inhibit lipid oxidation reactions in oil-in-water emulsions; however, a more fundamental understanding of the antioxidant activity of these compounds in dispersed food lipid systems is lacking. CTH was more effective than an equivalent concentration of beta-Lg in retarding lipid oxidation reactions when dispersed in the continuous phase of Brij-stabilized oil-in-water emulsions (pH 7). Furthermore, it was observed that CTH had higher peroxyl radical scavenging and iron-binding values than beta-Lg. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) was used to measure the rate of oxidation of three oxidatively labile amino acid residues (Tyr, Met, and Phe) in certain CTH peptide fragments. Significant oxidation of specific Tyr and Met residues present in two separate 12 amino acid peptide fragments was observed in the days preceding lipid oxidation (39 and 55% of Tyr and Met were oxidized, respectively, by day 4 of the study); however, no significant oxidation of the Phe residue present in a specific 14 amino acid peptide fragment could be observed during the same time period. These data could suggest that Met and Tyr residues are capable of scavenging radical species and have the potential to improve the oxidative stability dispersed food lipids.  相似文献   

Cell-directed assembly of lipid-silica nanostructures providing extended cell viability     

Baca HK  Ashley C  Carnes E  Lopez D  Flemming J  Dunphy D  Singh S  Chen Z  Liu N  Fan H  López GP  Brozik SM  Werner-Washburne M  Brinker CJ 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2006,313(5785):337-341

Amphiphilic phospholipids were used to direct the formation of biocompatible, uniform silica nanostructures in the presence of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and bacterial cell lines. The cell surfaces organize multilayered phospholipid vesicles that interface coherently with the silica host and help relieve drying stresses that develop with conventional templates. These host structures maintain cell accessibility, addressability, and viability in the absence of buffer or an external fluidic architecture. The cell surfaces are accessible and can be used to localize added proteins, plasmids, and nanocrystals. Prolonged cell viability combined with reporter protein expression enabled stand-alone cell-based sensing.  相似文献   

Photoproduction of proton gradients with pi-stacked fluorophore scaffolds in lipid bilayers     

Bhosale S  Sisson AL  Talukdar P  Fürstenberg A  Banerji N  Vauthey E  Bollot G  Mareda J  Röger C  Würthner F  Sakai N  Matile S 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2006,313(5783):84-86

Rigid p-octiphenyl rods were used to create helical tetrameric pi-stacks of blue, red-fluorescent naphthalene diimides that can span lipid bilayer membranes. In lipid vesicles containing quinone as electron acceptors and surrounded by ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid as hole acceptors, transmembrane proton gradients arose through quinone reduction upon excitation with visible light. Quantitative ultrafast and relatively long-lived charge separation was confirmed as the origin of photosynthetic activity by femtosecond fluorescence and transient absorption spectroscopy. Supramolecular self-organization was essential in that photoactivity was lost upon rod shortening (from p-octiphenyl to biphenyl) and chromophore expansion (from naphthalene diimide to perylene diimide). Ligand intercalation transformed the photoactive scaffolds into ion channels.  相似文献   

Control of electron localization in molecular dissociation     

Kling MF  Siedschlag Ch  Verhoef AJ  Khan JI  Schultze M  Uphues T  Ni Y  Uiberacker M  Drescher M  Krausz F  Vrakking MJ 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2006,312(5771):246-248

We demonstrated how the subcycle evolution of the electric field of light can be used to control the motion of bound electrons. Results are presented for the dissociative ionization of deuterium molecules (D2 --> D+ + D), where asymmetric ejection of the ionic fragment reveals that light-driven intramolecular electronic motion before dissociation localizes the electron on one of the two D+ ions in a controlled way. The results extend subfemtosecond electron control to molecules and provide evidence of its usefulness in controlling reaction dynamics.  相似文献   

Activity-dependent regulation of MEF2 transcription factors suppresses excitatory synapse number     

Flavell SW  Cowan CW  Kim TK  Greer PL  Lin Y  Paradis S  Griffith EC  Hu LS  Chen C  Greenberg ME 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2006,311(5763):1008-1012

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Utility of automated real-time RT-PCR for the detection of foot-and-mouth disease virus excreted in milk     

Reid SM  Parida S  King DP  Hutchings GH  Shaw AE  Ferris NP  Zhang Z  Hillerton JE  Paton DJ 《Veterinary research》2006,37(1):121-132

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Adjuvants modulating mucosal immune responses or directing systemic responses towards the mucosa   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Cox E  Verdonck F  Vanrompay D  Goddeeris B 《Veterinary research》2006,37(3):511-539

In developing veterinary mucosal vaccines and vaccination strategies, mucosal adjuvants are one of the key players for inducing protective immune responses. Most of the mucosal adjuvants seem to exert their effect via binding to a receptor/or target cells and these properties were used to classify the mucosal adjuvants reviewed in the present paper: (1) ganglioside receptor-binding toxins (cholera toxin, LT enterotoxin, their B subunits and mutants); (2) surface immunoglobulin binding complex CTA1-DD; (3) TLR4 binding lipopolysaccharide; (4) TLR2-binding muramyl dipeptide; (5) Mannose receptor-binding mannan; (6) Dectin-1-binding ss 1,3/1,6 glucans; (7) TLR9-binding CpG-oligodeoxynucleotides; (8) Cytokines and chemokines; (9) Antigen-presenting cell targeting ISCOMATRIX and ISCOM. In addition, attention is given to two adjuvants able to prime the mucosal immune system following a systemic immunization, namely 1alpha, 25(OH)2D3 and cholera toxin.  相似文献