Effect of oral administration of dantrolene sodium on serum creatine kinase activity after exercise in horses with recurrent exertional rhabdomyolysis     

McKenzie EC  Valberg SJ  Godden SM  Finno CJ  Murphy MJ 《American journal of veterinary research》2004,65(1):74-79

OBJECTIVE: To determine the effect of oral administration of dantrolene sodium on serum creatine kinase (CK) activity after exercise in horses with recurrent exertional rhabdomyolysis (RER). ANIMALS: 2 healthy horses and 5 Thoroughbreds with RER. PROCEDURE: 3 horses received 2 doses of dantrolene (4, 6, or 8 mg/kg, p.o., with and without withdrawal of food) 2 days apart; 90 minutes after dosing, plasma dantrolene concentration was measured spectrofluorometrically. On the basis of these results, 5 Thoroughbreds with RER from which food was withheld received dantrolene (4 mg/kg) or an inert treatment (water [20 mL]) orally 90 minutes before treadmill exercise (30 minutes, 5 d/wk) during two 3-week periods. Serum CK activity was determined 4 hours after exercise. Plasma dantrolene concentration was measured before and 90 minutes after dosing on the first and last days of dantrolene treatment and before dosing on the first day of the inert treatment period, RESULTS: 90 minutes after dosing, mean +/- SEM plasma dantrolene concentration was 0.62 +/- 0.13 and 0 microg/mL in the dantrolene and inert treatment groups, respectively. Serum CK activity was lower in dantrolene-treated horses (264 +/- 13 U/L), compared with activity in water-treated horses (1,088 +/- 264 U/L). Two horses displayed marked muscle stiffness on the inert treatment. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: In 5 horses with RER from which food had been withheld, 4 mg of dantrolene/kg administered orally provided measurable, though variable, plasma concentrations and significantly decreased serum CK activity after exercise in 4 of those horses.  相似文献   

Efficacy of a long-acting formulation of ceftiofur crystalline-free acid for the treatment of naturally occurring infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis     

Dueger EL  George LW  Angelos JA  Tankersley NS  Luiz KM  Meyer JA  Portis ES  Lucas MJ 《American journal of veterinary research》2004,65(9):1185-1188

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy of ceftiofur crystalline-free acid (CCFA) administered into the posterior aspect of an ear for treatment of corneal ulceration associated with naturally occurring infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis (IBK). ANIMALS: 78 beef calves located at Sierra Foothills Field Station (SFS) and 52 calves located at a commercial dairy (CD). All calves were from 3 to 9 months old. PROCEDURE: At each site, calves were randomly allocated to 1 of 2 treatment groups by use of a block design determined by corneal ulcer size. A single dose of CCFA (6.6 mg of ceftiofur equivalents/kg, s.c.) was administered into the posterior aspect of a pinna. A second group of calves received a single dose of vehicle (0.03 mL/kg, s.c.; controls). Corneal ulcers were photographed, and clinical signs were assessed in calves every 3 to 4 days for 21 days. RESULTS: A positive treatment effect was detected at SFS. Results at the CD were inconclusive because ulcer healing occurred rapidly in control and CCFA-treated calves. At SFS, treatment with CCFA resulted in shorter mean healing times, smaller corneal ulcer surface area measurements, amelioration of ocular discharge and photophobia, and a 50% increase in the percentage of calves healed by day 14. After adjustment for initial corneal ulcer size, treatment with CCFA resulted in a 4-fold increase in the odds of corneal ulcer healing by day 14, compared with controls. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: A single dose of CCFA administered into the posterior aspect of a pinna had a positive treatment effect against naturally occurring IBK in calves with corneal ulcerations.  相似文献   

Pregnancy toxemia in a ferret          下载免费PDF全文

Dalrymple EF 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》2004,45(2):150-152

A late-gestation jill was presented for depression, anorexia, and weakness. The working diagnosis became pregnancy toxemia. Supportive care was initiated and an emergency cesarian section performed. Twelve live kits were delivered; however, all soon perished despite home care. Surgery and recovery are discussed, including information regarding pregnancy toxemia in general.  相似文献   

A reaction to the discussion about chemotherapy     

Pilgram M  van Santen E  Geers M 《Tijdschrift voor diergeneeskunde》2004,129(16):535; author reply 535-535; author reply 536

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Complexities of the pathogenesis of Mannheimia haemolytica and Haemophilus somnus infections: challenges and potential opportunities for prevention?     

Czuprynski CJ  Leite F  Sylte M  Kuckleburg C  Schultz R  Inzana T  Behling-Kelly E  Corbeil L 《Animal health research reviews / Conference of Research Workers in Animal Diseases》2004,5(2):277-282

Progress in producing improved vaccines against bacterial diseases of cattle is limited by an incomplete understanding of the pathogenesis of these agents. Our group has been involved in investigations of two members of the family Pasteurellaceae, Mannheimia haemolytica and Haemophilus somnus, which illustrate some of the complexities that must be confronted. Susceptibility to M. haemolytica is greatly increased during active viral respiratory infection, resulting in rapid onset of a severe and even lethal pleuropneumonia. Despite years of investigation, understanding of the mechanisms underlying this viral-bacterial synergism is incomplete. We have investigated the hypothesis that active viral infection increases the susceptibility of bovine leukocytes to the M. haemolytica leukotoxin by increasing the expression of or activating the beta2 integrin CD11a/CD18 (LFA-1) on the leukocyte surface. In vitro exposure to proinflammatory cytokines (i.e. interleukin-1beta, tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interferon-gamma) increases LFA-1 expression on bovine leukocytes, which in turn correlates with increased binding and responsiveness to the leukotoxin. Alveolar macrophages and peripheral blood leukocytes from cattle with active bovine herpesvirus-1 (BVH-1) infection are more susceptible to the lethal effects of the leukotoxin ex vivo than leukocytes from uninfected cattle. Likewise, in vitro incubation of bovine leukocytes with bovine herpesvirus 1 (BHV-1) potentiates LFA-1 expression and makes the cells more responsive to leukotoxin. A striking characteristic of H. somnus infection is its propensity to cause vasculitis. We have shown that H. somnus and its lipo-oligosaccharide (LOS) trigger caspase activation and apoptosis in bovine endothelial cells in vitro. This effect is associated with the production of reactive oxygen and nitrogen intermediates, and is amplified in the presence of platelets. The adverse effects of H. somnus LOS are mediated in part by activation of endothelial cell purinergic receptors such as P2X7. Further dissection of the pathways that lead to endothelial cell damage in response to H. somnus might help in the development of new preventive or therapeutic regimens. A more thorough understanding of M. haemolytica and H. somnus virulence factors and their interactions with the host might identify new targets for prevention of bovine respiratory disease.  相似文献   

Evaluation of clinical characteristics and bacterial isolates in dogs with bacterial keratitis: 97 cases (1993-2003)     

Tolar EL  Hendrix DV  Rohrbach BW  Plummer CE  Brooks DE  Gelatt KN 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》2006,228(1):80-85

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate clinical characteristics and breeds affected with bacterial keratitis and compare patterns of resistance in bacterial isolates over time in dogs. DESIGN: Retrospective cross-sectional study. ANIMALS: 97 dogs with bacterial keratitis. PROCEDURE: Dogs with bacterial keratitis were identified from teaching hospital medical records at the Universities of Tennessee and Florida during the years 1993 to 2003. Data were collected pertaining to breed, Schirmer tear test results, treatments administered at the time of initial examination, bacterial species isolated, and resistance to selected antimicrobials. RESULTS: 66% of the dogs were brachycephalic, 54% had tear production < 15 mm/min, and 29% were receiving a corticosteroid at the time of initial examination. The most common bacteria isolated were Staphylococcus intermedius (29%), beta-hemolytic Streptococcus spp (17%), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (21%). Staphylococcus intermedius isolates had limited resistance to certain antimicrobials. More than 80% of beta-hemolytic Streptococcus spp isolates were resistant to neomycin, polymyxin B, and tobramycin. Isolates of P aeruginosa were susceptible to tobramycin and gentamicin and had limited resistance to ciprofloxacin and enrofloxacin. Among bacterial species isolated, there was no evidence of development of antimicrobial resistance over time. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Data suggested that administration of ciprofloxacin or a combination of a first-generation cephalosporin and tobramycin may be used in the treatment of bacterial keratitis while awaiting results of bacterial culture and susceptibility testing. Evidence suggests that current methods of medical management of bacterial keratitis are not associated with increased antimicrobial resistance.  相似文献   

Low pathogenicity avian influenza viruses infect chicken layers by different routes of inoculation     

Pantin-Jackwood MJ  Smith DM  Wasilenko JL  Spackman E 《Avian diseases》2012,56(2):276-281

In order to develop better control measures against avian influenza, it is necessary to understand how the virus transmits in poultry. In a previous study in which the infectivity and transmissibility of the pandemic H1N1 influenza virus was examined in different poultry species, we found that no or minimal infection occurred in chicken and turkeys intranasally (IN) inoculated with the virus. However, we demonstrated that the virus can infect laying turkey hens by the intracloacal (IC) and intraoviduct (IO) routes, possibly explaining the drops in egg production observed in turkey breeder farms affected by the virus. Such novel routes of exposure have not been previously examined in chickens and could also explain outbreaks of low pathogenicity avian influenza (LPAI) that cause a decrease in egg production in chicken layers and breeders. In the present study, 46-wk-old specific-pathogen-free chicken layers were infected by the IN, IC, or IO routes with one of two LPAI viruses: a poultry origin virus, A/chicken/CA/1255/02 (H6N2), and a live bird market isolate, A/chicken/NJ/12220/97 (H9N2). Only hens IN inoculated with the H6N2 virus presented mild clinical signs consisting of depression and anorexia. However, a decrease in number of eggs laid was observed in all virus-inoculated groups when compared to control hens. Evidence of infection was found in all chickens inoculated with the H6N2 virus by any of the three routes and the virus transmitted to contact hens. On the other hand, only one or two hens from each of the groups inoculated with the H9N2 virus shed detectable levels of virus, or seroconverted and did not transmit the virus to contacts, regardless of the route of inoculation. In conclusion, LPAI viruses can also infect chickens through other routes besides the IN route, which is considered the natural route of exposure. However, as seen with the H9N2 virus, the infectivity of the virus did not increase when given by these alternate routes.  相似文献   

Initial Application of Reduced Port Surgery Using the Single Port Access Technique for Laparoscopic Canine Ovariectomy     

Jeffrey J. Runge DVM  Diplomate ACVS  Paul G. Curcillo II MD  FACS  Stephanie A. King MD  FACOG  Erica R. Podolsky MD  David E. Holt BVSc  Diplomate ACVS  Jeffrey Davidson BS  Kimberly A. Agnello DVM  MS  Diplomate ACVS 《Veterinary surgery : VS》2012,41(7):803-806

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Transcription of pattern recognition receptors and abortive agents induced chemokines in the bovine pregnant uterus     

Silva AP  Costa EA  Macêdo AA  Martins Tda M  Borges AM  Paixão TA  Santos RL 《Veterinary immunology and immunopathology》2012,145(1-2):248-256

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Bilateral microphthalmia and aphakia associated with multiple eye abnormalities in a free-living European red deer calf (Cervus elaphus)     

Mutinelli F  Vercelli A  Carminato A  Luchesa L  Pasolli C  Cova M  Marchioro W  Melchiotti E  Vascellari M 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2012,74(4):527-529

A free-living European red deer calf (Cervus elaphus) was euthanized due to bilateral microphthalmia. Lens was missing, replaced by proliferating squamous epithelial cells; hyperplastic squamous cells, sebaceous and mucinous glands were observed within the cornea with the characteristics of inclusion cyst. Findings were consistent with congenital microphthalmia/aphakia, with multiple eye abnormalities.  相似文献