Studying the use of forest management decision support systems: an initial synthesis of lessons learned from case studies compiled using a semantic wiki     

Sean N. Gordon  Antonio Floris  Luc Boerboom  Tomas Lämås  Ljusk Ola Eriksson  Maarten Nieuwenhuis 《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2014,29(7):44-55

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Indigofera spicata (creeping indigo) poisoning of three ponies     

SM Ossedryver  GI Baldwin  BM Stone  RA McKenzie  AW van Eps  S Murray  MT Fletcher 《Australian veterinary journal》2013,91(4):143-149

Three ponies continuously grazed a pasture containing an estimated 24% Indigofera spicata (wet weight basis) for 4–6 weeks in April and May 2004. They developed ataxia, paresis, depression, muscle fasciculations, dysphagia, ptyalism and halitosis. Two also developed corneal opacity. One pony recovered with supportive treatment, but the other two were euthanased and necropsied. Neuropathology was not present in either case, but both livers had periacinar and periportal lymphocytic infiltrations and hydropic degeneration of mid‐zonal hepatocytes, with mild to moderate periacinar necrosis also evident in one. The I. spicata contained 2.66 mg 3‐nitropropionic acid (3‐NPA)/g dry matter and 1.5 mg indospicine/g dry matter. Indospicine, but not 3‐NPA, was detected in serum from both of the euthanased ponies and indospicine was detected in heart, liver and muscle from the one pony in which this assay was performed. The clinical syndrome closely resembled ‘Birdsville horse disease’ caused by I. linnaei and was similar to that reported in horses poisoned by the closely related species I. hendecaphylla and to 3‐NPA poisoning of other animals, including humans. 3‐NPA is thought to cause this neurological syndrome. To our knowledge, this is the first authenticated report of I. spicata poisoning in grazing animals. We also report here the first published evidence that 3‐NPA and indospicine exist in naturalised I. spicata in Australia and of the formation of indospicine residues in tissues of animals grazing paddocks infested with I. spicata.  相似文献   

Conjunctival vaccination of the brushtail possum (Trichosurus vulpecula) with bacille Calmette-Guérin     

LAL Corner  BM Buddle 《New Zealand veterinary journal》2013,61(2):133-136

AIM: To determine the efficacy of conjunctival vaccination of captive brushtail possums (Trichosurus vulpecula) with bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG), as measured by immunological responses to vaccination and response to intratracheal challenge with Mycobacterium bovis.

METHODS: Nine adult male brushtail possums were vaccinated by the instillation of a suspension of BCG strain Pasteur 1173P2 into the conjunctival sac of each eye. Each drop contained approximately 2.5 × 10⁵ colony forming units (cfu). At 8 weeks post-vaccination (pv) the vaccinated possums and 10 unvaccinated possums were challenged by intratracheal instillation of approximately 100 cfu of M. bovis. Cellular immune responses to bovine purified protein derivative (PPD) antigen were measured using the lymphocyte proliferation assay (LPA). Possums surviving to 50–51 days after challenge were euth anised and subjected to detailed post-mortem examination, including histopathology, to assess protection against tuberculosis. Sections of lung and spleen were cultured for M. bovis.

RESULTS: No conjunctival inflammation or other adverse reactions to the administration of the vaccine were evident macroscopically. The vaccinated group showed a systemic cellular immune response to bovine PPD antigen at 4 and 8 weeks pv, and the response at 8 weeks was significantly greater than at 4 weeks (p<0.05). Conjunctival vaccination induced significant levels of protective immunity, measured as less mass of tuberculous lesions in lung (p<0.05) and less dissemination of disease in vaccinated compared with unvaccinated possums (p<0.05).

CONCLUSIONS: Conjunctival vaccination with BCG induced a significant level of protective immunity against M. bovis infection in possums. This route of vaccination, together with intranasal aerosol vaccination, could be utilised in the delivery of an aerosolised vaccine using a device that sprays the vaccine suspension into the eyes and nose of possums.  相似文献   

Fish Processing Facilities: New Challenge to Marine Biosecurity in Canada     

M. H. H. Price  A. Morton  J. G. Eriksson  J. P. Volpe 《Journal of aquatic animal health》2013,25(4):290-294

Abstract

The transmission of pathogens is a common consequence of animal food production. Marine salmon farms and their processing facilities can serve as sources of virulent fish pathogens; our study is the first to confirm the broadcast of a live fish pathogen from a farmed salmon processing facility into the marine waters of Canada's Pacific coast. We found live salmon lice Lepeophtheirus salmonis, mucus, and fish tissue in effluent from the processing facility. Sea lice transmitted from this source may pose a threat to wild salmon populations, and the release of untreated offal, including blood water, is of considerable concern. Further research is needed to quantify the extent to which processing facilities release sea lice and to determine whether more virulent fish pathogens are present in effluent. These data underscore the need for fish farming nations to develop mandatory biosecurity programs to ensure that farmed salmon processing facilities will prevent the broadcast of infectious fish pathogens into wild fish habitat.

Received April 26, 2012; accepted September 7, 2013  相似文献   

Survey of Campylobacter species,VTEC O157 and Salmonella species in Swedish wildlife     

Wahlström H  Tysén E  Olsson Engvall E  Brändström B  Eriksson E  Mörner T  Vågsholm I 《The Veterinary record》2003,153(3):74-80

Samples collected from 791 wild animals (Canada geese, roe deer, hares, moose, wild boar and gulls) shot during hunting were examined for verocytotoxin-producing Escherichia coli (VTEC) O157, and thermophilic Campylobacter and Salmonella species. With the exception of one positive isolate from a wild boar, VTEC O157 was not isolated from any of the animals. Salmonella species were isolated only from the gulls, of which 4 per cent were estimated to be positive. Thermophilic Campylobacter species were commonly isolated from all the species except deer.  相似文献   

Increased pulmonary transit times in asymptomatic dogs with mitral regurgitation     

Lord P  Eriksson A  Häggström J  Järvinen AK  Kvart C  Hansson K  Maripuu E  Mäkelä O 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2003,17(6):824-829

Pulmonary transit time (PTT) normalized to heart rate (nPTT) is a measure of the pulmonary blood volume (PBV) to stroke volume ratio (PBV/SV). It is an index of cardiac performance. To determine the effect of compensated mitral regurgitation (CMR) and decompensated mitral regurgitation (DMR) caused by valvular endocardiosis on the index nPTT, we measured nPTT by first-pass radionuclide angiocardiography and ECG in 13 normal dogs, 18 dogs with CMR, and 13 dogs with DMR. PTT was measured as time between onset of appearance of activity at the pulmonary trunk and the left atrium. In the normal dogs, the relationship between PTT and mean R-R interval (mRR) was PTT = 4.08 x mRR + 0.15 (R2 = 0.71). Normal nPTT was 4.4 +/- 0.6 (SD) (range. 3.6-5.3). in CMR, 6.3 +/- 1.6 (SD) (range, 4.0-9.7). and in DMR, 11.9 +/- 3.4 (SD) (range, 8.0-18.8). The differences among all groups were significant. Heart rates were 110 +/- 22 bpm in normal dogs, 111 +/- 20 in dogs with CMR, and 144 +/- 18 in dogs with DMR (P < .001 for difference between DMR group and normal and CMR groups). Increased nPTT in CMR indicates preclinical heart pump dysfunction. Heart rate-normalized pulmonary transit times may be a useful index of heart function in mitral regurgitation.  相似文献   

A NEW AND VERSATILE LARGE ANIMAL DIAGNOSTIC RADIOLOGY UNIT     

Berndt R.  Strömberg  Vet. Med. Dr  Sten-Erik  Olsson  Vet. Med. Dr.  M.D.  Dr. Sc h.c  Leo B.  Jeffcott  frcvs  PhD  Arne  Törnblad  Bo  Hallberg  Anders  Eriksson 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》1982,23(3):117-123

The plans and technical specifications of a unit specifically designed for large animal radiography are described. The unit has two examination rooms, one for routine radiography in the standing position and the other for special procedures and investigations utilizing a custom-designed table with a carbon fiber top. The table is computer operated and the x-ray tubes above and below it are capable of penetrating the thickest parts of horses as well as performing such procedures as linear tomography, angiography, and magnification radiography. The facility is equipped with an image intensifier, television monitor, 100 mm spot film camera, Potter-Bucky grid, and Puck film changer as well as a number of additional features for coping with anesthetized large animals. The unit has been in operation for three years and has greatly improved the quality of radiographic examinations as well as opening up some important lines of investigative research  相似文献   

Effect of Sowing Technique on Growth of Undersown Crop and Yield of Spring Barley     

H. J. Känkänen  H. J. Mikkola  & C. I. Eriksson 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》2001,187(2):127-136

Undersowing a main crop enables establishment of a catch crop in areas characterized by a short post-harvest period before the onset of winter. Techniques with lower costs than conventional undersowing by separate drilling are often regarded as unreliable. Undersowing by drilling after sowing spring barley ( Hordeum vulgare L.) was compared with broadcast sowing simultaneously with drilling barley. Various implements were coupled behind the combined drill in cases where seed was broadcast: a press-wheel attachment, a long-tined harrow and a cage roller. A fourth treatment did not include an implement coupled behind the drill. The undersown crop was sown as a seed mixture of 3 kg ha^–1 red clover ( Trifolium pratense L.) and 6 kg ha^–1 meadow fescue ( Festuca pratensis Hudson). The numbers of plants and weeds and the plant height were measured five times during the growing season. Above-ground biomass of the undersown species was determined at barley harvest and in late autumn. Grain yield of spring barley was recorded. Drilling resulted in the highest yield of undersown crop when an early summer drought occurred, but broadcasting in combination with use of seed covering equipment led to the least variation in biomass production over the 4 years the experiment was conducted. The relative proportion of meadow fescue in the crop was low in three years, and lower when broadcast than when drilled. Barley grain yield was highest when the seed was broadcast and seed covering equipment was used. Use of a cage roller increased weed biomass, but press-wheels and a long-tined harrow did not. Separate rolling after undersowing increased undersown crop yield in one year, but decreased grain yield in some cases.  相似文献   

Genetic relationships between calving and carcass traits for Charolais and Hereford cattle in Sweden   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Eriksson S  Näsholm A  Johansson K  Philipsson J 《Journal of animal science》2004,82(8):2269-2276

The objective of this study was to estimate genetic correlations between calving difficulty score and carcass traits in Charolais and Hereford cattle, treating first and later parity calvings as different traits. Genetic correlations between birth weight and carcass traits were also estimated. Field data on 59,182 Charolais and 27,051 Hereford calvings, and carcass traits of 5,260 Charolais and 1,232 Hereford bulls, were used in bivariate linear animal model analyses. Estimated heritabilities were moderate to high (0.22 to 0.50) for direct effects on birth weight, carcass weight, and (S)EUROP (European Community scale for carcass classification) grades for carcass fleshiness and fatness. Heritabilities of 0.07 to 0.18 were estimated for maternal effect on birth weight, and for direct and maternal effects on calving difficulty score at first parity. Lower heritabilities (0.01 to 0.05) were estimated for calving difficulty score at later parities. Carcass weight was positively genetically correlated (0.11 to 0.53) with both direct and maternal effects on birth weight and with direct effects on calving difficulty score. Carcass weight was, however, weakly or negatively (-0.70 to 0.07) correlated with maternal calving difficulty score. Higher carcass fatness grade was genetically associated with lower birth weight, and in most cases, also with less difficult calving. Genetic correlations with carcass fleshiness grade were highly variable. Moderately unfavorable correlations between carcass fleshiness grade and maternal calving difficulty score at first parity were estimated for both Charolais (0.42) and Hereford (0.54). This study found certain antagonistic genetic relationships between calving performance and carcass traits for both Charolais and Hereford cattle. Both direct and maternal calving performance, as well as carcass traits, should be included in the breeding goal and selected for in beef breeds.  相似文献   

Serum thymidine kinase activity in dogs with malignant lymphoma: a potent marker for prognosis and monitoring the disease     

von Euler H  Einarsson R  Olsson U  Lagerstedt AS  Eriksson S 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2004,18(5):696-702

Serum thymidine kinase (sTK) activity was evaluated as a tumor marker for canine malignant lymphoma (ML). The objective was to investigate if sTK, as in humans, could be used as a prognostic marker for survival time in dogs with ML and if sTK could identify early signs of progression of disease in treated dogs. Serum samples from 52 dogs with ML were tested for initial TK activity. Samples from 21 normal dogs and 25 dogs with nonhematologic neoplasms were used for comparison. Forty-four dogs with ML were treated. Serum TK activity was measured in treated dogs before each treatment and every 4 weeks thereafter until relapse. Dogs with ML had 2-180 times higher TK activity (TK 5-900 U/L) than normal dogs (TK <7 U/L) based on the mean + 2 standard deviations. In the group of other neoplasms, only 2 dogs had a moderate increase (6.4 and 7.5 U/L) compared with the controls. Mean sTK activities in the dogs with ML that had gone into complete remission (CR) were not significantly different from activities in healthy controls (P = .68). Mean sTK at least 3 weeks before and at the time of relapse was significantly higher than activity measured at CR (P < .0001). Dogs with ML that initially had sTK >30 U/L had significantly shorter survival times (P < .0001). Furthermore, sTK activity reflected the clinical staging of ML. Measuring sTK can be used as a powerful objective tumor marker for prognosis and for predicting relapse before recurrence of clinically detectable disease in dogs with ML undergoing chemotherapy.  相似文献