A NEW AND VERSATILE LARGE ANIMAL DIAGNOSTIC RADIOLOGY UNIT     

Berndt R.  Strömberg  Vet. Med. Dr  Sten-Erik  Olsson  Vet. Med. Dr.  M.D.  Dr. Sc h.c  Leo B.  Jeffcott  frcvs  PhD  Arne  Törnblad  Bo  Hallberg  Anders  Eriksson 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》1982,23(3):117-123

The plans and technical specifications of a unit specifically designed for large animal radiography are described. The unit has two examination rooms, one for routine radiography in the standing position and the other for special procedures and investigations utilizing a custom-designed table with a carbon fiber top. The table is computer operated and the x-ray tubes above and below it are capable of penetrating the thickest parts of horses as well as performing such procedures as linear tomography, angiography, and magnification radiography. The facility is equipped with an image intensifier, television monitor, 100 mm spot film camera, Potter-Bucky grid, and Puck film changer as well as a number of additional features for coping with anesthetized large animals. The unit has been in operation for three years and has greatly improved the quality of radiographic examinations as well as opening up some important lines of investigative research  相似文献   

Effect of Sowing Technique on Growth of Undersown Crop and Yield of Spring Barley     

H. J. Känkänen  H. J. Mikkola  & C. I. Eriksson 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》2001,187(2):127-136

Undersowing a main crop enables establishment of a catch crop in areas characterized by a short post-harvest period before the onset of winter. Techniques with lower costs than conventional undersowing by separate drilling are often regarded as unreliable. Undersowing by drilling after sowing spring barley ( Hordeum vulgare L.) was compared with broadcast sowing simultaneously with drilling barley. Various implements were coupled behind the combined drill in cases where seed was broadcast: a press-wheel attachment, a long-tined harrow and a cage roller. A fourth treatment did not include an implement coupled behind the drill. The undersown crop was sown as a seed mixture of 3 kg ha^–1 red clover ( Trifolium pratense L.) and 6 kg ha^–1 meadow fescue ( Festuca pratensis Hudson). The numbers of plants and weeds and the plant height were measured five times during the growing season. Above-ground biomass of the undersown species was determined at barley harvest and in late autumn. Grain yield of spring barley was recorded. Drilling resulted in the highest yield of undersown crop when an early summer drought occurred, but broadcasting in combination with use of seed covering equipment led to the least variation in biomass production over the 4 years the experiment was conducted. The relative proportion of meadow fescue in the crop was low in three years, and lower when broadcast than when drilled. Barley grain yield was highest when the seed was broadcast and seed covering equipment was used. Use of a cage roller increased weed biomass, but press-wheels and a long-tined harrow did not. Separate rolling after undersowing increased undersown crop yield in one year, but decreased grain yield in some cases.  相似文献   

Expert opinion as 'validation' of risk assessment applied to calf welfare     

Marc BM Bracke  Sandra A Edwards  Bas Engel  Willem G Buist  Bo Algers 《Acta veterinaria Scandinavica》2008,50(1):29

Background

Recently, a Risk Assessment methodology was applied to animal welfare issues in a report of the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) on intensively housed calves.

Methods

Because this is a new and potentially influential approach to derive conclusions on animal welfare issues, a so-called semantic-modelling type ''validation'' study was conducted by asking expert scientists, who had been involved or quoted in the report, to give welfare scores for housing systems and for welfare hazards.

Results

Kendall''s coefficient of concordance among experts (n = 24) was highly significant (P < 0.001), but low (0.29 and 0.18 for housing systems and hazards respectively). Overall correlations with EFSA scores were significant only for experts with a veterinary or mixed (veterinary and applied ethological) background. Significant differences in welfare scores were found between housing systems, between hazards, and between experts with different backgrounds. For example, veterinarians gave higher overall welfare scores for housing systems than ethologists did, probably reflecting a difference in their perception of animal welfare.Systems with the lowest scores were veal calves kept individually in so-called "baby boxes" (veal crates) or in small groups, and feedlots. A suckler herd on pasture was rated as the best for calf welfare. The main hazards were related to underfeeding, inadequate colostrum intake, poor stockperson education, insufficient space, inadequate roughage, iron deficiency, inadequate ventilation, poor floor conditions and no bedding. Points for improvement of the Risk Assessment applied to animal welfare include linking information, reporting uncertainty and transparency about underlying values.

Conclusion

The study provides novel information on expert opinion in relation to calf welfare and shows that Risk Assessment applied to animal welfare can benefit from a semantic modelling approach.  相似文献   

Effect of pimobendan or benazepril hydrochloride on survival times in dogs with congestive heart failure caused by naturally occurring myxomatous mitral valve disease: the QUEST study   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

Häggström J  Boswood A  O'Grady M  Jöns O  Smith S  Swift S  Borgarelli M  Gavaghan B  Kresken JG  Patteson M  Ablad B  Bussadori CM  Glaus T  Kovacević A  Rapp M  Santilli RA  Tidholm A  Eriksson A  Belanger MC  Deinert M  Little CJ  Kvart C  French A  Rønn-Landbo M  Wess G  Eggertsdottir AV  O'Sullivan ML  Schneider M  Lombard CW  Dukes-McEwan J  Willis R  Louvet A  DiFruscia R 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2008,22(5):1124-1135

Background: Myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD) continues to be an important cause of morbidity and mortality in geriatric dogs despite conventional therapy. Hypothesis: Pimobendan in addition to conventional therapy will extend time to sudden cardiac death, euthanasia for cardiac reasons, or treatment failure when compared with conventional therapy plus benazepril in dogs with congestive heart failure (CHF) attributable to MMVD. Animals: Two hundred and sixty client‐owned dogs in CHF caused by MMVD were recruited from 28 centers in Europe, Canada, and Australia. Methods: A prospective single‐blinded study with dogs randomized to PO receive pimobendan (0.4–0.6 mg/kg/d) or benazepril hydrochloride (0.25–1.0 mg/kg/d). The primary endpoint was a composite of cardiac death, euthanized for heart failure, or treatment failure. Results: Eight dogs were excluded from analysis. One hundred and twenty‐four dogs were randomized to pimobendan and 128 to benazepril. One hundred and ninety dogs reached the primary endpoint; the median time was 188 days (267 days for pimobendan, 140 days for benazepril hazard ratio = 0.688, 95% confidence limits [CL] = 0.516–0.916, P= .0099). The benefit of pimobendan persisted after adjusting for all baseline variables. A longer time to reach the endpoint was also associated with being a Cavalier King Charles Spaniel, requiring a lower furosemide dose, and having a higher creatinine concentration. Increases in several indicators of cardiac enlargement (left atrial to aortic root ratio, vertebral heart scale, and percentage increase in left ventricular internal diameter in systole) were associated with a shorter time to endpoint, as was a worse tolerance for exercise. Conclusions and Clinical Importance: Pimobendan plus conventional therapy prolongs time to sudden death, euthanasia for cardiac reasons, or treatment failure in dogs with CHF caused by MMVD compared with benazepril plus conventional therapy.  相似文献   

Co‐culture of Buffalo Preantral Follicles with Different Somatic Cells     

HS Ramesh  PSP Gupta  S Nandi  BM Manjunatha  V Girish Kumar  JP Ravindra 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2008,43(5):520-524

The effect of co‐culture of buffalo preantral follicles (PFs) with different somatic cells, i.e, cumulus, granulosa, ovarian mesenchymal and oviductal epithelial cells was studied. Large PFs (250–450 μm) were isolated by microdissecting the trypsin (1%) digested ovarian cortical slices. Cumulus cells were isolated by repeated pipetting of oocytes, granulosa cells were isolated by aspirating from punctured PFs and ovarian mesenchymal cells were isolated from ovarian cortex by scraping the cortical slices and passing through 20 μm filter. Preantral follicles were cultured in standard culture medium without somatic cells or co‐cultured with cumulus cells, granulosa cells, ovarian mesenchymal cells and oviductal epithelial cells for 80 days. The growth rate (μm/day) of the PFs was monitored by measuring follicular diameter on day 0, 30, 60 and 80 days of culture. The viability of PFs was evaluated by trypan blue staining. The results indicated that PFs co‐cultured with cumulus, granulosa and ovarian mesenchymal cells had a better development and survivality compared with control and those co‐culture with oviductal epithelial cells. Maximum growth and survivality of PFs were achieved when cultured with cumulus cells. It is concluded that inclusion of somatic cells in PF culture media had beneficial effect on the growth of PFs and cumulus cells supported maximum growth and survivality of PFs in vitro of all somatic cells tested.  相似文献   

Formulary of Equine Medicine     

BM ANGUS  LL CALLOW  RJ DALGLIESH  AJ de  VOS 《Australian veterinary journal》1999,77(3):193-193

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What can the experiences of rural women in Solomon Islands teach us about innovation in aquatic food systems?     

Margaret Batalofo  Alice Aruhe'eta Pollard  Anouk Ride  Edlyn Hauona  Jan van der Ploeg  Matthew Isihanua  Matthew Roscher  Meshach Sukulu  Hampus Eriksson 《Asia Pacific viewpoint》2024,65(1):96-110

In Solomon Islands, women's groups play an important role in promoting socially inclusive development and women's empowerment. In this paper, we summarise the experiences of a 5-year participatory action research partnership to enhance rural livelihood activities based on aquatic foods. The women's savings groups that participated in this research identified solar-powered freezers as an innovation suitable to their skills and environment. The 12 freezers we used in our partnership to pilot this innovation had tangible benefits. More than 700 unique users accessed the freezers, 3900 kg of fish was stored and over USD6,000 was saved in total; however, accumulation of savings varied greatly between groups. The women's groups demonstrated that operating solar-powered freezers can be financially viable, and the innovation integrated well with their livelihood activities. This conclusion provides an alternative to dominant development narratives, which tend to focus on building large-scale infrastructure, and often exclude women. Existing marketing skills and cooperation were strengths on which the women built. Poor-quality technology was the biggest impediment to success. Solving this basic problem should be a priority for any future cold-storage initiative.  相似文献   

Comparing size-limit strategies for exploitation of a self-thinned stream fish population     

F. Nordwall  P. Lundberg  T. Eriksson 《Fisheries Management and Ecology》2000,7(5):413-424

There is increasing evidence that territorial stream fish populations exhibit some degree of self-thinning. Four size-limit strategies were examined, under which a size-structured model population exhibiting self-thinning was exploited. The effects of: (1) increased minimum-size limits; (2) protection of spawners; (3) decreasing maximum-size limits; and (4) slot limits (prescribe lower and upper size limits of fish that must be released) were analysed in terms of population size and mean body size in the population after harvest. Biomass and numbers harvested, mean size of fish taken and proportions of different sizes in the population after harvesting were also analysed. Combinations of high exploitation rates and high minimum-size limits maximized both the number and biomass harvested while it favoured post-harvest abundance and the proportion of larger sizes in the population. When harvest rates and minimum-sizes were increased, the combinations of these that maintained or increased yield were successively narrowed. Protection of spawners and slot limits did not come close to reaching the levels of post-harvest abundance, yield, positive size structure and endpoints of harvest rates that were obtained with a high minimum size applied to the fishery. Maximum-size limits favoured the abundance of smaller size-classes. The results emphasize the advantages of setting the largest sizes of fish in the population as a minimum size that can legally be retained.  相似文献   

Governance interactions in small‐scale fisheries market chains: Examples from the Asia‐Pacific     

Dirk J. Steenbergen  Michael Fabinyi  Kate Barclay  Andrew M. Song  Philippa J. Cohen  Hampus Eriksson  David J. Mills 《Fish and Fisheries》2019,20(4):697-714

Small‐scale fisheries are subject to various governing institutions operating at different levels with different objectives. At the same time, small‐scale fisheries increasingly form part of domestic and international market chains, with consequent effects for marine environments and livelihoods of the fishery‐dependent. Yet there remains a need to better understand how small‐scale fisheries market chains interact with the range of governance institutions that influence them. In this paper, we examine how multiple governance systems function along market chains, in order to identify opportunities for improved multiscale governance. We use three small‐scale fisheries with varying local to global market chains operating in the Asia‐Pacific region to develop a framework for analysis. Drawing from Interactive Governance theory we identify governing systems that have come to operate at particular sections in each market chain. We recognize four institutions that shape the governance over the length of the chain; namely those centred on (a) government, (b) private sector and pricing, (c) decentralized multistakeholder management and (d) culture and social relations. The framework shows how diverse arrangements of these governing institutions emerge and take effect along market chains. In doing so, we seek to move away from prescribed “ideals” of universal governing arrangements for fisheries and their market chains, and instead illuminate how governing systems function interactively across multiple scales.  相似文献   

Susceptibility of Tuta absoluta (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) Brazilian populations to ryanodine receptor modulators          下载免费PDF全文

Mateus R Campos  Tadeu BM Silva  Wellington M Silva  Jefferson E Silva  Herbert AA Siqueira 《Pest management science》2015,71(4):537-544

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