Evaluation of a new oscillometric blood pressure monitor in isoflurane-anesthetized dogs   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2  

Sawyer DC  Guikema AH  Siegel EM 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2004,31(1):27-39

Objective This study was conducted to evaluate the performance of a new veterinary oscillometric noninvasive blood pressure (NIBP) monitor in anesthetized dogs. Study design Assessment was made to determine how closely indirect measurements were associated with direct measurements, and if there were statistically significant differences between the measurements by site. Animals Six mongrel dogs weighing 27.8 ± 2.9 kg. Methods Dogs were anesthetized with thiopental and maintained with isoflurane, which was delivered with controlled ventilation. Direct pressure measurements were obtained via a percutaneously placed arterial catheter. A range of systolic arterial pressures (SAP) were achieved by changing the isoflurane concentrations. Sites of cuff placement for indirect measurements were identified as metacarpus, metatarsus, and anterior tibial. Results At pressures below 80 mm Hg, indirect systolic measurements averaged 4 ± 3 mm Hg, higher than the direct values. At normal and high levels, indirect systolic measurements underestimated direct values by 18 ± 6 and 23 ± 6 mm Hg, respectively. Diastolic and mean pressure measurements followed the same trend, with indirect values being lower than the direct arterial pressures. Systolic, diastolic and mean arterial pressure measurements differed by cuff‐placement site. Conclusions When analyzed by site and level, indirect systolic and mean arterial blood pressures during hypotension were essentially the same as direct pressures. However, at pressures within the normal or high range, indirect measurements underestimated the direct pressures. Clinical relevance Noninvasive blood pressure measurements with a new oscillometric monitor provided an excellent means of detecting arterial hypotension in anesthetized dogs. The metatarsal site for cuff placement was slightly better than the metacarpal or anterior tibial site, considering that the regression line was closest to complete equality between the indirect and direct measurements for SAP.  相似文献   

Nuclear pores form de novo from both sides of the nuclear envelope   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

D'Angelo MA  Anderson DJ  Richard E  Hetzer MW 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2006,312(5772):440-443

Nuclear pore complexes are multiprotein channels that span the double lipid bilayer of the nuclear envelope. How new pores are inserted into the intact nuclear envelope of proliferating and differentiating eukaryotic cells is unknown. We found that the Nup107-160 complex was incorporated into assembly sites in the nuclear envelope from both the nucleoplasmic and the cytoplasmic sides. Nuclear pore insertion required the generation of Ran guanosine triphosphate in the nuclear and cytoplasmic compartments. Newly formed nuclear pore complexes did not contain structural components of preexisting pores, suggesting that they can form de novo.  相似文献   

Cloning and radiation hybrid mapping of bovine toll-like receptor-4 (TLR-4) signaling molecules     

Connor EE  Cates EA  Williams JL  Bannerman DD 《Veterinary immunology and immunopathology》2006,112(3-4):302-308

Toll-like receptor (TLR)-4 is a transmembrane receptor for lipopolysaccharide, a highly pro-inflammatory component of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria. To date, molecules of the TLR-4 signaling pathway have not been well characterized in cattle. The goal of this study was to clone and sequence the full-length coding regions of bovine genes involved in TLR-4 signaling including CASP8, IRAK1, LY96 (MD-2), TICAM2, TIRAP, TOLLIP and TRAF 6 and to position these genes, as well as MyD88 and TICAM1, on the bovine genome using radiation hybrid mapping. Results of this work indicate differences with a previously published bovine sequence for LY96 and a predicted sequence in the GenBank database for TIRAP based on the most recent assembly of the bovine genome. In addition, discrepancies between actual and predicted chromosomal map positions based on the Btau_2.0 genome assembly release were identified, although map positions were consistent with predicted locations based on the current bovine-human comparative map. Alignment of the bovine amino acid sequences with human and murine sequences showed a broad range in conservation, from 52 to 93%. Overall, this work should assist in the assembly and annotation of the bovine genome sequence, the identification of variations in genes critically involved in host innate immunity, and facilitate the study of TLR-4 signaling pathways in cattle.  相似文献   

The clinical usefulness of the ventrodorsal versus dorsoventral thoracic radiograph in dogs     

Brinkman EL  Biller D  Armbrust L 《Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association》2006,42(6):440-449

Differences exist in the ventrodorsal (VD) and dorsoventral (DV) radiographic views of the canine thorax. One view may be preferred over another because of how it portrays different areas of interest or different disease conditions. The VD view is indicated for evaluation of the cranial and caudal mediastinum, the caudal vena cava, and the accessory lung lobe, and in cases of pleural effusion. Indications for the DV view include assessment of a consistent cardiac silhouette, evaluation of the pulmonary lobar vessels, and evaluation of the structures of the dorsal thorax, such as hilar lymph nodes, the caudal dorsal lungs, trachea, mainstem bronchi, and left atrium.  相似文献   

Risk factors associated with renal insufficiency in horses with primary gastrointestinal disease: 26 cases (2000-2003)     

Groover ES  Woolums AR  Cole DJ  LeRoy BE 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》2006,228(4):572-577

OBJECTIVE: To identify factors associated with renal insufficiency in colic- or colitis-affected horses with high serum creatinine (SCr) concentrations evaluated at a referral hospital. DESIGN: Retrospective case series. ANIMALS: 167 colic- or colitis-affected horses (88 represented a random sample [hospital population], and 79 had high SCr concentration at initial evaluation [study population]). PROCEDURE: Medical records were reviewed. Data collected included signalment; physical examination, clinicopathologic, and diagnostic findings; and outcome. The study population was categorized on the basis of whether SCr concentration did (AR group; n = 53) or did not (PA group; 26) normalize within 72 hours of fluid therapy. Characteristics of the study and hospital populations were compared. RESULTS: Males and Quarter Horses were significantly overrepresented in the study population. Compared with the hospital population, study-population horses were significantly more likely to have colitis, gastric reflux, and diarrhea at initial evaluation. Initial mean SCr concentration in the PA group was significantly higher than the AR group; identification of gastric reflux, abnormal rectal examination findings, and hypochloremia were significantly associated with persistent azotemia after 72 hours of fluid therapy. Compared with the AR group, PA group horses were 3 times as likely to die or be euthanized. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: In colic- or colitis-affected horses, factors associated with renal insufficiency included gastric reflux, abnormal rectal examination findings, or hypochloremia initially; prognosis for horses in which azotemia resolves within 72 hours of treatment appears to be better than for horses with persistent azotemia.  相似文献   

A long-lived lunar core dynamo     

Shea EK  Weiss BP  Cassata WS  Shuster DL  Tikoo SM  Gattacceca J  Grove TL  Fuller MD 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2012,335(6067):453-456

Paleomagnetic measurements indicate that a core dynamo probably existed on the Moon 4.2 billion years ago. However, the subsequent history of the lunar core dynamo is unknown. Here we report paleomagnetic, petrologic, and (40)Ar/(39)Ar thermochronometry measurements on the 3.7-billion-year-old mare basalt sample 10020. This sample contains a high-coercivity magnetization acquired in a stable field of at least ~12 microteslas. These data extend the known lifetime of the lunar dynamo by 500 million years. Such a long-lived lunar dynamo probably required a power source other than thermochemical convection from secular cooling of the lunar interior. The inferred strong intensity of the lunar paleofield presents a challenge to current dynamo theory.  相似文献   

Targeting the detection of chronic wasting disease using the hunter harvest during early phases of an outbreak in Saskatchewan, Canada     

Rees EE  Merrill EH  Bollinger TK  Hwang YT  Pybus MJ  Coltman DW 《Preventive veterinary medicine》2012,104(1-2):149-159

Chronic wasting disease (CWD) is a fatal disease of North American cervids that was first detected in a wild, hunter-shot deer in Saskatchewan along the border with Alberta in Canada in 2000. Spatially explicit models for assessing factors affecting disease detection are needed to guide surveillance and control programs. Spatio-temporal patterns in CWD prevalence can be complicated by variation in individual infection probability and sampling biases. We assessed hunter harvest data of mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) and white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) during the early phases of an outbreak in Saskatchewan (i.e., 2002-2007) for targeting the detection of CWD by defining (1) where to look, and (2) how much effort to use. First, we accounted for known demographic heterogeneities in infection to model the probability, P(E), that a harvested deer was infected with CWD given characteristics of the harvest location. Second, in areas where infected deer were harvested we modelled the probability, P(D), of the hunter harvest re-detecting CWD within sample units of varying size (9-54 km(2)) given the demographics of harvested deer and time since first detection in the study area. Heterogeneities in host infection were consistent with those reported elsewhere: mule deer 3.7 times >white-tailed deer, males 1.8 times>females, and quadratically related to age in both sexes. P(E) increased with number of years since the first detection in our study area (2002) and proximity to known disease sources, and also varied with distance to the South Saskatchewan River and small creek drainages, terrain ruggedness, and extent of agriculture lands within a 3 km radius of the harvest. The majority (75%) of new CWD-positive deer from our sample were found within 20 km of infected deer harvested in the previous year, while approximately 10% were greater than 40 km. P(D) modelled at 18 km(2) was best supported, but for all scales, P(D) depended on the number of harvested deer and time since the first infected deer was harvested. Within an 18 km(2) sampling unit, there was an 80% probability of detecting a CWD-positive deer with 16 harvested deer five years after the initial infected harvest. Identifying where and how much to sample to detect CWD can improve targeted surveillance programs early in the outbreak of the disease when based on hunter harvest.  相似文献   

A Collaborative Program to Provide Native Plant Materials for the Great Basin     

Nancy Shaw  Mike Pellant  Matthew Fisk  Erin Denney 《Herpetological Monographs》2012,34(4):11-16

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Disease prevalence in geriatric horses in the United Kingdom: veterinary clinical assessment of 200 cases     

Ireland JL  Clegg PD  McGowan CM  McKane SA  Chandler KJ  Pinchbeck GL 《Equine veterinary journal》2012,44(1):101-106

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Native plant enthusiasm reaches new heights: Perceptions,evidence, and the future of green roofs     

Colleen Butler  Erin Butler  Colin M. Orians 《Urban Forestry & Urban Greening》2012,11(1):1-10

The use of native plants on green roofs has attracted considerable attention in recent years. With this comes the implicit assumptions that native plants are better adapted, provide greater environmental benefit, and are more aesthetically pleasing than non-native plants. We examined papers published in scholarly journals and papers presented at the annual North American green roof conference to identify who is promoting the use of native plants on green roofs, their rationale for doing so, and the scientific evidence to support the assertion that natives are better adapted. Architects, landscape architects, and biologists were the most likely to promote native plants and engineers were the least likely. Many of the reasons for using native plants on green roofs originate from ground-level landscaping and have simply been transplanted to the roof, without regard for the fact that the rooftop is a fundamentally different environment than the ground. Nearly half of all pro-native papers used the term “native” without definition. This review highlights the need for greater rigor and transparency when promoting the use of native plants and further demonstrates how misconceptions can result in sub-optimal green roof design and performance.  相似文献