Diagnostic implications of detection of proteinase K-resistant protein in spleen, lymph nodes, and brain of sheep.     

R Race  D Ernst  A Jenny  W Taylor  D Sutton  B Caughey 《American journal of veterinary research》1992,53(6):883-889

Brain, spleen, and selected lymph nodes from sheep with clinical signs of scrapie were analyzed for presence of proteinase K-resistant protein (PrP-res). Diagnosis of scrapie on the basis of detection of PrP-res was compared with diagnosis on the basis of histologic evaluation of the brain from clinically affected or exposed sheep. Proteinase K-resistant protein was found in every brain that was histologically positive for scrapie, and in addition, was found in the brain of several clinically positive sheep that were not diagnosed as scrapie-positive by histologic evaluation. Proteinase K-resistant protein was also found in 87% of the spleens and lymph nodes from sheep that had PrP-res detected in brain homogenates. Therefore, analysis of sheep brain, spleen, or lymph nodes for PrP-res provided a diagnostic approach that was superior to histologic examination alone for detection of naturally scrapie agent-infected sheep.  相似文献   

Coccidia in cows and calves on pasture in north Georgia (U.S.A.)   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

J V Ernst  H Ciordia  J A Stuedemann 《Veterinary parasitology》1984,15(3-4):213-221

The prevalence and abundance of coccidian oocysts were determined in a herd of beef cows and calves on fescue pastures in the Piedmont area of Georgia during 4-consecutive grazing seasons. Twelve species of Eimeria were found in the feces of the calves and 10 species were found in the feces of the cows. Eimeria bovis was the most prevalent species found in both the calves and cows. It occurred in 72.5% of 1090 samples from the calves and 10.2% of 719 samples from cows. Eimeria bovis also comprised the majority of oocysts present in the fecal samples from the calves and cows. The greatest number of E. bovis in a sample was 45 800 oocysts per gram of feces (OPG) from a calf and 1900 OPG from a cow. No cases of clinical coccidiosis were seen in any of the animals sampled during the survey.  相似文献   

Prevention of sporulation of bovine coccidia by the ensiling of a manure-blended diet.     

A S Farquhar  W B Anthony  J V Ernst 《Journal of animal science》1979,49(5):1331-1336

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III. Buchbesprechungen     

F. Backmund  Huber  Ernst  Backmund  W. Kroth 《European Journal of Forest Research》1959,78(1-2):59-64

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BIOMECHANICAL COMPARISON OF THREE INTERNAL FIXATIONS FOR TREATMENT OF SLIPPED CAPITAL FEMORAL EPIPHYSIS IN IMMATURE DOGS     

Belkoff SM  Millis DL  Probst CW 《Veterinary surgery : VS》1993,22(3):183-183

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The prepatent and patent periods of Eimeria alabamensis and further description of the exogenous stages     

Soeprato Soekardono  John V. Ernst  Gerald W. Benz 《Veterinary parasitology》1975,1(1):19-33

Eimeria alabamensis infections were established in calves 5 to 6 weeks of age by adminestering 10 million, 80 million, or 100 million sporulated oocysts. The prepatent period was 6 to 8 days (mean 6.6). Oocyst discharges usually lasted for 2 to 3 days although a few calves passed oocysts throughout the rest of the 3-week observation period. Calves with oocyst discharge exceeding 1 million oocysts per g of feces had a moderate diarrhea at the time of peak oocyst discharge. No other clinical signs were observed in any of the infected calves. Reinoculations with 100 million sporulated oocysts given 3 weeks after the initial inoculations of 10 million or 80 million oocysts resulted in infections characterized by greatly reduced oocyst discharges. Sporulated oocysts of E. alabamensis were 16 to 24 μ by 12 to 16 μ and were usually ovoid. The oocyst wals consisted of two layers. Sporocysts were elongate-ellipsoid, had a distinct Stieda body, and were 10 to 12 μ by 4 to 6 μ. Completely sporulated oocysts were first observed after 5 days at 25 °C, and most were sporulated after 8 days. Oocysts did not sporulate at 4 °C, 33 °C, and 37 °C.  相似文献   

The occurrence and distribution of Salmonella enteritidis and other serovars on California egg laying premises: a comparison of two sampling methods and two culturing techniques     

Kinde H  Castellan DM  Kass PH  Ardans A  Cutler G  Breitmeyer RE  Bell DD  Ernst RA  Kerr DC  Little HE  Willoughby D  Riemann HP  Snowdon JA  Kuney DR 《Avian diseases》2004,48(3):590-594

Between the summer of 1998 and the winter of 2000, Salmonella analysis was performed on 2128 single and 532 pooled manure drag swabs obtained from 133 California commercial egg laying farms. The isolation of Salmonella from all rows and from all flocks using single or pooled swabs was 80% and 92%, respectively. Hence, there was no statistical difference between single vs. pooled swabs in terms of identifying Salmonella on a row or flock basis. A total of 14 serogroups comprising 44 serotypes were isolated from 123 of 133 farms. When the top 10 serotypes were considered, there was no significant difference in the range of serotypes isolated by the two culturing methods. The overall S. enteritidis prevalence for California flocks was 10.5% (14/133). The overall row prevalence for S. enteritidis for all the farms was 1.1% (24/2128), and the overall pool prevalence was 2.4% (13/532). Sixty percent (12/20) of the S. enteritidis isolates from the positive farms were phage type 4, and 40% (8/20) represented five other phage types (1, 6B, 7, 8, and 28).  相似文献   

Routes of transmission and consequences of small ruminant lentiviruses (SRLVs) infection and eradication schemes     

Peterhans E  Greenland T  Badiola J  Harkiss G  Bertoni G  Amorena B  Eliaszewicz M  Juste RA  Krassnig R  Lafont JP  Lenihan P  Pétursson G  Pritchard G  Thorley J  Vitu C  Mornex JF  Pépin M 《Veterinary research》2004,35(3):257-274

Small ruminant lentiviruses (SRLV = maedi-visna in sheep and caprine arthritis encephalitis in goats) are distributed throughout most countries of the world, particularly Europe. Laboratories from 16 European countries established collaborations within the framework of a COST (CO-operation in the field of Scientific and Technical Research) action sponsored by the European Union in order to (i) better organize their research programmes on SRLVs and (ii) to coordinate efforts to combat these two diseases. After five years, a consensus conference--the first one in the veterinary medicine field--concluded the work of this network of laboratories by reviewing the present position and discussing three important questions in the field of SRLVs: routes of transmission, consequences of infection and potential role of eradication programmes at either a European or local level, according to the situation in each country or region. This paper brings together existing information regarding these questions and identifies areas for future research.  相似文献   

Progression of mycosis of the auditory tube diverticulum (guttural pouch) after arterial occlusion in a horse with contralateral temporohyoid osteoarthropathy     

Ernst NS  Freeman DE  Mackay RJ 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》2006,229(12):1945-1948

CASE DESCRIPTION: A 6-year-old Appaloosa mare was examined because of inappetance, difficulty eating, and swelling and mucopurulent discharge in the right eye. CLINICAL FINDINGS: Results of a CBC and serum bio-chemical analysis revealed no important findings. Ophthalmologic examination revealed scarring and ulceration of the superficial layers of the cornea. Endoscopic examination of the upper portion of the respiratory tract and auditory tube diverticula (guttural pouches) revealed abnormal thickness of the right stylohyoid bone and a plaque suggestive of mycotic growth on the left internal carotid artery. Radiographic examination revealed right-sided otitis media. Temporohyoid osteoarthropathy in the right guttural pouch and mycosis in the left guttural pouch were diagnosed. TREATMENT AND OUTCOME: Ceratohyoidectomy of the right stylohyoid bone was performed, and the left internal carotid artery was occluded via placement of stainless steel spring embolization coils. The mare regained the ability to eat without difficulty and improved clinically for approximately 4 weeks. However, the mare returned to the medical center 53 days after surgery with left-sided Horner syndrome, atrophy of the right side of the tongue, and a 3-week history of dysphagia and weight loss. Endoscopic evaluation revealed progression of mycotic growth in the left guttural pouch. The mare was euthanatized. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Although the mycotic lesion in the left guttural pouch was an incidental finding at the time of initial examination, the lesion progressed to cause dysphagia and Horner syndrome after occlusion of the left internal carotid artery, a treatment that is typically associated with resolution of guttural pouch mycosis. Arterial occlusion is not necessarily a reliable method of resolving guttural pouch mycosis.  相似文献   

Concentrations and environmental risk of chlorothalonil in air near potato fields in Prince Edward Island, Canada     

Garron C  Ernst B  Julien G  Losier R  Davis K 《Pest management science》2012,68(1):92-100

BACKGROUND: Chlorothalonil is used extensively in Prince Edward Island for the control of blight on potatoes, and has been measured throughout summer months in ambient air monitoring studies. This study was designed to characterize near-field drift of chlorothalonil, and to evaluate how exposure to measured air concentrations might impact upon local wildlife species. RESULTS: Air samples were collected using high-volume samplers at three distances downwind of sprayed potato fields, and at four different time intervals. Chlorothalonil was detected in 73% of prespray samples (from < 0.013 to 0.440 µg m⁻³). The mean air concentration 0 m away from the field edge during spray was 5.8 µg m⁻³, which was 7–41 times higher than concentrations measured in similar studies. Air concentrations were found to decline exponentially both with distance and time, although 0 m and 30 m concentrations at 2 h post-spray remained significantly (3 times) higher than prespray (P < 0.05). Wind speed was not found to be significantly correlated with air concentration; however, increases in temperature were found to be significantly correlated with increases in air concentrations at all sample times, at 0 m and 30 m distances. CONCLUSION: Frequent prespray detections and high post-spray concentrations suggest that both chronic and acute exposures to non-target species are occurring; however, risk calculations suggest a relatively low risk of effects to representative species. One measurement showed that a human-health-based short-term guideline had been exceeded, indicating that potential impacts to humans from chlorothalonil under current application conditions cannot be discounted. Copyright © 2011 Crown in the right of Canada. Published by JohnWiley & Sons, Ltd  相似文献