Plant traits related to yield of wheat in early, late, or continuous drought conditions     

M. van Ginkel  D.S. Calhoun  G. Gebeyehu  A. Miranda  C. Tian-you  R. Pargas Lara  R.M. Trethowan  K. Sayre  J. Crossa  S. Rajaram 《Euphytica》1998,100(1-3):109-121

Bread wheats (Triticum aestivum L.) were evaluated for plant characteristics contributing to grain yield and plant adaptation under various drought patterns. The usefulness of these traits as explicit selection criteria in developing drought tolerant wheat varieties was investigated in three experiments. Cultivars from four germplasm groups, representing the four relevant major and distinct global wheat growing environments, were grown under the respective simulated early, late, continuous and no drought conditions by manipulating irrigation in north western Mexico. Additionally, 560 advanced lines from the CIMMYT breeding program were grown under late drought conditions, and 16 randomly selected advanced genotypes were studied in more detail under late and no drought conditions. In these three studies, the association between yield in drought-stressed environments and yield in non drought-stressed environments was interpreted to reflect genotypic high yield potential, mainly by way of high biomass development. However, yield potential only partly explained the superior performance under drought. For each pattern of drought stress, particular and often different plant traits were identified that further contributed specific adaptation to the distinct drought stress conditions. Knowledge of these traits will be useful for developing CIMMYT germplasm for specific drought-stressed areas. Ultimately, these studies demonstrate that both yield potential and specific adaptation traits are useful criteria in breeding for drought environments, and should be combined to achieve optimum performance and adaptation to drought stress. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

A Dunaliella salina Extract Counteracts Skin Aging under Intense Solar Irradiation Thanks to Its Antiglycation and Anti-Inflammatory Properties     

Fabien Havas  Shlomo Krispin  Moshe Cohen  Estelle Loing  Morgane Farge  Thierry Suere  Joan Attia-Vigneau 《Marine drugs》2022,20(2)

Glycation, and the resulting buildup of advanced glycation end products (AGEs), is recognized as a key driver of cumulative skin damage and skin aging. Dunaliella salina is a halophile microalga adapted to intense solar radiation through the production of carotenoids. We present a natural supercritical CO₂ extract of Dunaliella salina rich in the colorless carotenoids phytoene and phytofluene. The extract exhibited antiglycation and anti-inflammatory activities in ex vivo testing, showing strongly reduced formation of N-ε-carboxy-methyl-lysine with exposure to methylglyoxal, reduced AGE receptor levels, and significantly reduced interleukins 6 and 8. In a placebo-controlled clinical study under intense solar exposure, the extract significantly reduced the skin’s glycation scores and its sensitivity to histamine; key skin aging parameters were also significantly improved vs. placebo, including wrinkle counts and spots. These results demonstrate the value of this Dunaliella salina extract, rich in colorless carotenoids, as an antiglycative, anti-inflammatory, and antiaging active ingredient, including in high-irradiation contexts.  相似文献   

Managing “Marandu” palisadegrass and calopo pastures based on light interception     

Luis Alberto Depablos Alviarez  Bruno Grossi Costa Homem  Paula Hevilen do Couto  José Carlos Batista Dubeux Jr  Thiago Fernandes Bernardes  Daniel Rume Casagrande  Marcio André Stefanelli Lara 《Grass and Forage Science》2020,75(4):447-461

Light interception (LI) in grazing management has been an efficient tool to harvest forage under similar growth stage conditions. The objective was to define the best grazing management strategies (GMSs) based on LI in marandu palisadegrass (Brachiaria brizantha [Hochst. ex A. Rich.] R. Webster cv. Marandu) and calopo (Calopogonium mucunoides Desv. cv. Comum) mixed pastures. Three GMSs were evaluated in a randomized block design: rest period interrupted at 90% (90LI), 95% (95LI) and 100% (100LI) of LI. The experimental period was divided into four periods: rainy seasons and transitions (between rainy and dry seasons). Post-grazing stubble height target was 15 cm. Canopy height, forage mass, leaf area index (LAI), morphogenic variables and tiller demographic pattern were evaluated. Pre- and post-grazing canopy height increased at 100LI. Pre-grazing forage mass decreased over time in all GMSs. The relationship among canopy height, forage mass and LI was not constant throughout the experiment. Post-grazing forage mass was greatest at 90LI. There was an increase in legume mass throughout the experiment; however, the proportion of legume in pre-grazing forage mass was no more than 6.6% for all GMSs. Number of calopo branches per plant and LAI increased throughout the experiment while the number of plants decreased. The 95LI provided the best conditions for calopo development; however, the LI as a tool to determine the entry of animals in mixed pastures of marandu palisadegrass and calopo should be carefully applied, considering the seasonal variations in canopy botanical and structural composition under similar LI.  相似文献   

Farmers’ management of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) diversity,their varietal preference traits and uses in Southern and Central Benin     

Loko  Yêyinou Laura Estelle  Montcho  David  Zandjanakou-Tachin  Martine  Orobiyi  Azize  Toffa  Joelle  Hounmakou  Elodie  Gavoedo  Dieudonné  Dansi  Alexandre 《Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology》2020,23(3):259-272

Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology - Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is one of the major oilseed legumes contributing to food security in Benin. Unfortunately, several constraints hamper its...  相似文献