Individually measured feed intake characteristics and growth performance of group-housed weanling pigs: effects of sex, initial body weight, and body weight distribution within groups     

Bruininx EM  van der Peet-Schwering CM  Schrama JW  Vereijken PF  Vesseur PC  Everts H  den Hartog LA  Beynen AC 《Journal of animal science》2001,79(2):301-308

Feed intake characteristics of 192, 27-d-old weanling pigs housed in groups and given ad libitum access to feed and water were measured individually with the use of computerized feeding stations. The groups were either homogeneous or heterogeneous as to BW distribution; pigs of three defined initial BW classes were used (mean BW of 6.7, 7.9, or 9.3 kg). The effects of BW distribution, BW class, and sex were studied with regard to average performance traits, latency time (interval between weaning and first feed intake), initial feed intake (intake during the first 24 h following first feed intake), and daily increase in feed intake during the interval between first feed intake and the day on which energy intake met or exceeded 1.5 times the maintenance requirement. Homogeneous and heterogeneous groups had similar latency times, initial feed intakes, and daily increases in feed intake. For the period 0 to 34 d after weaning, ADFI and ADG were also similar for homogeneous and heterogeneous groups, but gain:feed ratio was greater (P < 0.05) in the homogeneous groups. Gilts had higher (P < 0.05) initial feed intakes than barrows and also had greater (P < 0.05) ADFI and ADG during the period 0 to 13 d after weaning. Pigs with average BW of 6.7 kg had higher (P < 0.05) initial feed intakes than their counterparts with average BW of 7.9 kg and 9.3 kg, but the daily increase in feed intake was similar for the three groups. The lighter pigs had more daily visits and a lower feed intake per visit and tended to have a shorter postweaning latency to the onset of feeding than the heavier pigs. This study indicates that the high variability in early feeding behavior among group-housed weanling pigs may be related to BW and sex.  相似文献   

Biomechanical Properties of Skin and Wounds in Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome     

L. J. FREEMAN DVM  MS    G. A. HEGREBERG DVM  PhD    J. D. ROBINETTE DVM  MS  DiplomateACVs  J. T. KIMBRELL MS  ME 《Veterinary surgery : VS》1989,18(2):97-102

The biomechanical properties of wounded and nonwounded skin were studied in three dogs and three cats affected with type I Ehlers-Danlos syndrome. Three nonaffected dogs and one nonaffected cat served as controls. Samples of wounded skin and adjacent normal skin were harvested at days 75, 138, 141, 144, 147, and 150. Samples were subjected to uniaxial tensile strength testing. Tensile strength, energy absorbed, and site of failure were recorded. In the dogs with Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, there was an increase in tensile strength in samples containing a scar over adjacent intact skin. In nonaffected dogs, affected cats and the nonaffected cat, the nonwounded skin samples had greater tensile strength. The energy absorbed by the skin samples during testing was highly correlated with tensile strength.  相似文献   

Haematological and biochemical reference values for the koala (Phascolarctos cinereus)     

PM. CANFIELD  ME. O'NEILL†  EF. SMITH† 《Australian veterinary journal》1989,66(10):324-326

Haematological and biochemical reference values were established from 45 clinically healthy koalas. Statistical analysis revealed no significant differences for sex and season of sampling. Immature koalas had significantly higher alkaline phosphatase and inorganic phosphate values, and significantly lower total protein concentrations due to low globulins values. Enzyme reference values tended to be wide and could limit their usefulness in detecting disease. In the reference values for leukocytes, neutrophils and lymphocytes, the inclusion of low values which were not actually seen may interfere with the detection of reduced levels due to disease.  相似文献   

Influence de la densité et de la période de concurrence de Solanum nigrum L. sur la tomate de semis direct, en relation avec le désherbage     

J. P. CAUSSANEL  X. BRANTHÔME  J. MAILLET  A. CARTERON 《Weed Research》1990,30(5):341-354

Effects of density and period of competition by Solanum nigrum L. on direct seeded tomatoes in relation to weed control The effects of density and period of competition from Solanum nigrum L. were measured in direct seeded tomatoes given weed control treatments currently used in south-east France. S. nigrum emerging after a diquat treatment at the 2–3 leaf stage of the crop and thinned to low densities (<12.8 plants ha^?1) at the 5–6 leaf stage of the crop caused significant yield loss if left to compete with the crop until harvest. Yield reduction was smaller if the same weed densities were present only until the onset of flowering. The regression curves of yield on weed density differed as annual climatic variations affected sowing date and plant growth; a comparison between years was made using the relation ‘crop yield × weed biomass/crop biomass’. Significant interactions between weed density and period of competition were found with yield of both green and red fruit. For late sown crops with low densities of S. nigrum two weed control treatments at the 5–6 leaf stage and at the onset of flowering were sufficient to prevent yield loss.  相似文献   

Body composition and heat expenditure in broiler chickens fed diets with or without trans fatty acids     

Javadi M  Geelen MJ  Everts H  Hovenier R  Javadi S  Kappert H  Beynen AC 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2008,92(1):99-104

The effect of a diet containing trans fatty acids (TFA) on the fatty acid composition and fat accumulation was investigated in broiler chickens. Female broilers were fed a control or a TFA-containing diet. The difference between the diets was that a part of cis 18:1 in the control diet was replaced by the TFA. Body composition, energy balance and the fatty acid composition were examined. Over the time-period studied (15 days), the body fat content and the protein content did not differ significantly between the TFA-fed group and the control. In energy balance studies, total energy intake, energy loss in excreta, energy expenditure and energy storage did not differ between the treatments. Compared to the control diet, the TFA diet resulted in significantly higher amounts of 14:0 and 18:1n-7 and lower amounts of 18:1n-9 and 20:4n-6 in the body. In conclusion, the data suggest that feeding TFA for 15 days to female broilers had no effect on energy retention, energy expenditure and energy loss in excreta or in body composition in terms of fat and protein. Only the fatty acid composition in the body was affected by the treatment with TFA. In addition, 50% of ingested TFA was incorporated into the body fat. This may have a negative effect on the dietetic value of chicken meat.  相似文献   

Biochemical and Protein Profile of Alpaca (Vicugna pacos) Uterine Horn Fluid During Early Pregnancy          下载免费PDF全文

ME Argañaraz  SA Apichela  R Zampini  J Vencato  C Stelletta 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2015,50(1):121-128

South American camelids show high embryo loss rate, during the first 60 days of pregnancy. One of the factors which may be related to this situation is that over 98% of the embryos implant in the left uterine horn (LUH) even though both ovaries contribute similarly to ovulation. There is scarce information about the uterine environment of female camelids at any physiological state that could explain the capability of the LUH to attract the embryo and maintain pregnancy. We describe, for the first time, the biochemical and protein profile of uterine fluid (UF), addressing the right and LUH environment in non‐pregnant and pregnant alpacas. Different substrates, electrolytes and metabolites were assayed in both uterine horn fluids. Small changes were observed in glucose and total protein levels, which were more noticeable during pregnancy. In addition, 10 specific proteins were found in the left horn fluid in 5‐week‐pregnant alpacas, and two protein bands were identified in non‐pregnant alpaca right horn fluid. These results would provide basic information for identification of possible markers for pregnancy diagnosis, reproductive diseases and hormone‐treated animals evaluation and hence contributing to improve the pregnancy rate.  相似文献   

乌冈栎种群天然更新研究     

谢春平  方彦  方炎明 《林业资源管理》2011,(1)

种群更新对维持种群的稳定和发展具有极其重要的意义。通过野外实地调查,对不同地区乌冈栎种群的更新情况进行了分析,结果如下:1)大多数地区乌冈栎种群的幼苗结构呈倒金字塔型,说明乌冈栎种群的更新存在一定的困难;但在乌冈栎顶级群落中,由于仍存在一定数量的幼树,短期内的更新仍能继续进行;2)从乌冈栎幼苗空间分布格局来看,林窗或林缘处呈聚集分布,而林冠下呈均匀分布,这与乌冈栎幼苗生长的需光性有极大的关系;3)乌冈栎的萌发实验表明,1～2个月的沙藏处理有利于提高萌发率,而萌发过程中鼠害和虫蛀是限制出苗率的主要原因之一;4)乌冈栎种子的传播除靠重力外,啮齿类动物对它的影响最大,他们之间存在一定的权衡关系。为了提高乌冈栎种群的天然更新率,适当干扰地开辟林窗是较佳的途径。  相似文献   

Tissue distribution,shedding and environmental detection of infectious bursal disease virus genome following infection of meat chickens at two ages          下载免费PDF全文

JMKGK Jayasundara  SW Walkden‐Brown  AFMF Islam  ME Katz  KG Renz 《Australian veterinary journal》2018,96(5):167-175

  相似文献   

Detection of APAF1 mutation in Holstein cows and mummified foetuses in Japanese dairy herds          下载免费PDF全文

ME Ghanem  M Nishibori  N Isobe  K Hisaeda 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2018,53(1):137-142

Some of the highest genetic merit sires have been shown to harbour recessive mutations affecting fertility, which may spread rapidly in the population through AI. These disorders may result in abortion and decline in pregnancy per insemination in cows. This study was carried out on 240 Holstein‐Friesian cows and 15 mummified foetuses. Blood and tissue samples were collected from the cows and mummified foetuses, respectively, for DNA extraction. Allele‐specific PCR was designed for the detection of the cows and foetuses carrying the nonsense mutation (C/T) in apoptosis peptide activating factor 1 gene (APAF1). The mutant allele frequency of the APAF1 in carrier cows and mummified foetuses was calculated. Milk samples were taken from the carrier and non‐carrier cows for progesterone assay. The allele‐specific PCR reaction efficiently distinguished the C/T mutation in APAF1. Of 240 cows, seven cows (2.9%) were diagnosed to carry one copy of the mutant allele of APAF1. However, the carrier frequency was 33.3% in mummified foetuses (five of 15). The mutant allele frequency was 0.02 and 0.17 in the cows and mummified foetuses, respectively. Concentrations of progesterone did not differ between cows with APAF1 mutation and non‐carrier cows during 45 days post‐insemination. This study provided allele‐specific PCR for the detection of APAF1 mutation in cows. Moreover, it reports the carrier and mutant allele frequencies of APAF1 in dairy cows and mummified foetuses in Japan.  相似文献   

The nutritional management of gastrointestinal tract disorders in companion animals     

WG Guilford  ME Matz 《New Zealand veterinary journal》2013,61(6):284-291

Dietary protein, carbohydrates, fats and fibre have marked influences on gastrointestinal tract function and dysfunction. This article reviews the nutritional management of common gastrointestinal disorders in companion animals and introduces some of the current areas of research including probiotics, prebiotics, protein-hydrolysate diets, immunonutrition and dietary fibre.

Nutritional management of oesophageal disease revolves around varying the consistency of the diet and feeding the animal from an elevated container. Provision of bowel rest remains the mainstay of the management of acute gastroenteritis but food-based oral rehydration solutions are a useful adjunct. The recommended diet for chronic small bowel diarrhoea is a highly digestible, hypoallergenic, gluten-free, low-lactose and low-fat diet with modest amounts of fermentable fibre. The use of probiotics in the management of diarrhoea in companion animals has not yet been shown to be beneficial. It is likely that prebiotics will prove more effective than probiotics in the prevention of enteropathogenic infections.

Approximately 50% of cats in New Zealand that suffer from chronic idiopathic vomiting or diarrhoea will respond to a novel-protein-elimination diet and approximately 30% meet the diagnostic criteria for food sensitivity. Growing evidence supports the use of protein-hydrolysate diets in the management of inflammatory bowel disease and further advances in immunonutrition are expected. The dietary management of colitis should include a hypoallergenic diet with a fermentable fibre source.

Manipulation of the diet provides clinicians a powerful therapeutic strategy to be used alone or concurrently with drug therapy in the management of gastrointestinal disorders.  相似文献