A viability study of Fallopia japonica stem tissue   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

L C De Waal 《Weed Research》2001,41(5):447-460

Vegetative regeneration of intact and split nodes of Fallopia japonica (Houtt.) Ronse Decraene was the focus of this greenhouse experiment. Stem material, collected in May, July and September 1997, was cut into 40-mm-long sections and incubated on the surface of moist compost in a greenhouse. All samples showed some regrowth of buds and new shoots from both intact and split nodes in any season. A maximum number of 0.25 buds per intact node was recorded after 6 days in a spring experiment. The vegetative regrowth of shoots generally appeared after 1 week and increased over time with a maximum mean height of 77 mm after 27 days and a maximum number of 0.39 shoots per intact node after 13 days. Adventitious roots developed from both intact and split nodes during both summer and autumn experiments. From this study, a maximum of 90 stem tissue propagules per square metre of F. japonica stand has been estimated. If the plant is cut as part of a control programme, these propagules can produce shoots with growth rates of up to 2.9 mm per day with a good chance of the development of adventitious roots. This considerable potential for vegetative regeneration of stem tissue shows a clear need for guidelines on the safe management and disposal of F. japonica plant material.  相似文献   

Suppression of development of Callosobruchus maculatus (F.) (Col.: Bruchidae) in bambara groundnut seeds exposed to solar heat in the Nigerian savanna     

N. E. S. Lale  F. A. Ajayi 《Anzeiger für Sch?dlingskunde》2001,74(5):133-137

The effect of solarization on the development of Callosobruchus maculatus was investigated in the Nigerian savanna during the hot season from April to May, 1999. Development of C. maculatus adult progeny was completely suppressed in seeds of bambara groundnut, Vigna subterranea bearing bruchid eggs or harbouring first and second instar larvae that were exposed to the sun in metal tins, clay pots or polypropylene sacks for 7, 14 or 28 h. Adults of C. maculatus developed only in seeds that were not exposed to sun. Solarization did not have a significant adverse effect on germinability of bambara groundnut seeds.  相似文献   

Multidrug Resistance in Botrytis cinerea Associated with Decreased Accumulation of the Azole Fungicide Oxpoconazole and Increased Transcription of the ABC Transporter Gene BcatrD     

Keisuke Hayashi  Henk-jan Schoonbeek  Hisao Sugiura  Maarten A. De Waard 《Pesticide biochemistry and physiology》2001,70(3):168

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Suppression of development of Callosobruchus maculatus (F.) (Col.: Bruchidae) in bambara groundnut seeds exposed to solar heat in the Nigerian savanna     

N. E. S. Lale  F. A. Ajayi 《Anzeiger für Sch?dlingskunde》2001,22(1):133-137

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Characterisation ofFusarium oxysporum isolated from carnation in Australia based on pathogenicity,vegetative compatibility and random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) assay     

G. F. Kalc Wright  D. I. Guest  D. L. S. Wimalajeewa  R. van Heeswijck 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1996,102(5):451-457

Isolates ofF. oxysporum collected from symptomless carnation cuttings from Australian carnation growers properties, together with isolates from national collections, were screened for pathogenicity and grouped according to vegetative compatibility and random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) patterns. The collection of 82 Australian isolates sorted into 23 different vegetative compatibility groups (VCGs). Of 69 isolates tested for pathogenicity, 24 were pathogenic to carnations, while the remaining 45 were non-pathogenic. All pathogenic isolates were within two VCGs, one of which was also compatible with an isolate obtained from an international culture collection, and which is known to represent VCG 0021 and race 2. Race status of the two pathogenic VCGs remains unknown. The RAPD assay revealed distinct DNA banding patterns which could distinguish pathogenic from non-pathogenic isolates as well as differentiate between isolates from the two pathogenic VCGs.  相似文献   

Effects of accumulate dead and alive insects in trap on the capture ofTribolium castaneum (herbst)     

P. Trematerra  F. Fontana  M. Mancini 《Anzeiger für Sch?dlingskunde》1996,69(1):3-9

In the trapping ofTribolium castaneum (Herbst), the activity of traps baited or not baited with aggregation pheromone 4,8-dimethyldecanal is influenced by the presence in the traps of accumulate specimens trapped. This fact has been observed both in trap containing alive or dead specimens. Interactions in the different substances produced by adults of Red Flour Beetle during their communication relationship are involved in this behaviour.The results obtained in the trials suggests that the presence of alive insects in traps is attractive for other free specimens, but under conditions of overcrowding quinone produced by them regulate population density by counteracting the effect of the aggregation pheromone, causing the insects to disperse or suppressing aggregation behaviour.  相似文献   

Specificity of polycllonal and monoclonal antibodies for the identification of Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris     

A. A. J. M. Franken  J. F. Zilverentant  P. M. Boonekamp  A. Schots 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1992,98(2):81-94

Polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies (PCAs and MCAs), produced to whole cells and flagellar extracts ofXanthomonas campestris pv.campestris (Xcc), respectively, were tested for specificity. In immunofluorescence microscopy (IF) the three PCAs tested, reacted at low dilutions with all Xcc strains, some other xanthomonads and non-xanthomonads. At higher dilutions most cross-reactivity with non-xanthomonad strains disappeared. However, the cross-reactivity with strains ofX. c. pv.vesicatoria (Xcv),X. c. pv.amoraciae (Xca) andX. c. pv.phaseoli var. fuscans (Xcpf) remained.Six MCA-producing cell clones viz. 20H6, 2F4, 18G12, 10C5, 17C12 and 16B5 were selected for specificity tests with an enzyme immunoassay (EIA), IF and a dot-blot immunoassay (DBI). None of the MCAs reacted with all Xcc strains in IF and EIA. In DBI, only MCAs 17C12 and 16B5 reacted with all Xcc strains. All six MCAs tested, cross-reacted in one of either tests with other pathovars ofX. campestris, such as Xcv or Xca. The MCAs were also tested in immunoblotting experiments using total bacterial extracts, cell envelope and flagellar extracts. MCAs 20H6, 2F4, 18G12 and 10C5 reacted with the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of Xcc. MCAs 16B5 and 17C12 reacted with a 39 kilodalton and a 29 kilodalton protein, respectively.It is concluded that the PCAs and MCAs discussed in this study may be used for routine identification and differentiation of (a group of) Xcc strains. The significance of the cross-reactions with other pathovars ofX. campestris needs to be determined by testing seed lots.  相似文献   

Parry's disease of pears is similar to pear decline and is associated with mycoplasma-like organisms transmitted by Cacopsylla pyricola   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1  

D. L. DAVIES  C. M. GUISE  M. F. CLARK  A. N. ADAMS 《Plant pathology》1992,41(2):195-203

Mycoplasma-like organisms (MLOs) were detected by fluorescence microscopy in a number of pear cultivars and pear seedlings growing under a range of different conditions. In the cultivar Conference, MLOs were consistently associated with symptoms of Parry's disease, a decline-like disease of young trees with quince rootstocks. MLO-free pear seedlings rapidly became infected when they were planted outside. Experimental transmission of MLOs to pear seedlings and Conference trees was achieved using pear psyllids, caught outside or raised on infected plants under controlled conditions. Conference trees in an orchard trial remained free from the severe spring symptoms of Parry's disease when they were protected from feeding insects during spring of the previous year. MLOs were graft transmissible, but were not perpetuated by the standard propagation practices of budding or grafting when quince rootstocks were used. Parry's disease appears to be similar to pear decline, an MLO-induced disease well established in several other parts of the world. It is suggested that Parry's disease should be referred to as pear decline.  相似文献   

Development of a monoclonal antibody-based immunodetection assay for Botrytis cinerea   总被引：1，自引：2，他引：1  

R. BOSSI  F. M. DEWEY 《Plant pathology》1992,41(4):472-482

Three hybridoma cell lines secreting antibodies that specifically recognize Botrytis cinerea and B.fabae , but not B. allii, have been raised from splenocytes of mice immunized with a low molecular-weight fraction (30 kDa) from surface washings of B. cinerea. Antibodies from these cell lines have been used to develop an antigen-based elisa test that will detect B. cinerea in strawberries. This monoclonal antibody immunoassay detection assay should prove useful to both the cut-flower and wine industries. Supernatants from the three specific cell lines recognize mycelial fragments, saline extracts of mycelia and germinating conidia by both ELISA and immunofluorescence. Recognition of non-germinating spores is poor. Supernatants from the specific cell lines did not recognize other fungi normally involved in post-harvest spoilage of fruits and vegetables. Supernatants from KH4 gave the lowest background values with healthy tissue. Indirect evidence from heat, protease and periodate treatment of the antigens indicates that antibodies from all three specific cell lines are recognizing carbohydrate epitopes on a glycoprotein.  相似文献   

The activity and mobility of triasulfuron in soil as influenced by organic matter,duration, amount and frequency of rain     

F. K. OPPONG  G.R. SAGAR 《Weed Research》1992,32(3):157-165

The influence of different levels of organic matter and of the duration, amount and frequency of rainfall on the biological activity and mobility of triasulfuron were investigated. Biological activity was inversely related to the organic matter content of the soil. Movement of the herbicide down the soil profile, assessed by bioassay, was inversely related to the organic matter content of the soil, and the amount and frequency of rain directly influenced the extent of leaching of the herbicide. Triasulfuron was moved to a depth of at least 22.5 cm when soil columns were exposed to a total of 528 mm of natural rainfall over a period of 6 months. The presence of phytotoxic levels of the herbicide in the surface layers of soil columns 6 months after exposure to outdoor temperatures and natural rainfall suggested that triasulfuron may persist in soils for relatively long periods. Influence de la matiére organique, et de la durée, niveau et fréquence des précipitations sur l'activité et la mobilité du triasulfuron dans le sol L'influence de différentes teneurs en matière organique et de la durée, quantité et fréquence des pluies sur l'activité biologique et la mobilité du triasulfuron a étéétudiée. L'activité biologique est inversement liée avec la teneur enmatière organique du sol. Le mouvement descendant de l'herbicide dans le profil du sol, estimé par bio essai, est inversement lié avec la teneur en matière organique du sol, et la quantité et la fréquence des pluies influencent directement l'importance de la lixiviation de l'herbicide. Le triasulfuron s'est déplacé jusqu'à une profondeur d'au moins 22,5 cm quand les colonnes de sols ont été exposées à un total de 52,8 cm de pluies naturelles sur une période de 6 mois. La présence de taux phytotoxiques d'herbicide dans les couches superficielles des colonnes de sol 6 mois après l'exposition aux températures extérieures et aux précipitations naturelles montre que le triasulfuron peut persister dans 1s sols pendant des périodes relativement longues. Einfluβ der organischen Substanz des Bodens sowie der Niederschlagsdauer, -menge und -frequenz auf Persistenz und Mobilität von Triasulfuron im Boden Die biologische Aktivität sowie die Verlagerung von Triasulfuron im Boden, mit Biotests bestimmt, waren umgekehrt proportional zum Gehalt an organischer Substanz. Die Regenmenge sowie -frequenz beeinflußten die Einwaschung des Herbizids direkt. Bei insgesamt 528 mm natürlichem Niederschlag innerhalb 6 Monaten wurde Triasulfuron in Bodensäulen mindestens 22,5 cm tief eingewaschen. Aus dem Vorhandensein phytotoxischer Mengen des Wirkstoffs in den oberen Schichten der Bodensäulen nach 6 Monaten unter Freilandbedingungen wurde auf relativ hohe Persistenz im Boden geschlossen.  相似文献