Determination of Biological Stability by Oxygen Uptake on Municipal Solid Waste and Derived Products     

Fabrizio Adani  Paolo Lozzi  Pierluigi Genevini 《Compost science & utilization》2013,21(2):163-178

A new scientific apparatus and method are proposed for determining biological stability by oxygen uptake (respiration index, RI), on municipal solid waste (MSW) and derived products. For measuring the RI, a dynamic approach (with continuous aeration) was demonstrated to be more effective than the static approach (without aeration). The validity of the method was tested by comparing carbon losses calculated using both respirometric (carbon losses_resp) and analytical data (carbon losses_anal) during four trials performed on MSW and products derived from it. Carbon losses (expressed as g kg^?1C_i, in which C_i represents initial carbon content) were: 219.0 and 248.0, 67.9 and 57.1, 39.6 and 36.4, and 250.7 and 280.3, using respirometric and analytical data alternately for Trials 1,2,3, and 4. The comparison between respirometric data using continuous or no aeration showed, for the latter, an underestimation of RI of between 70% and 90% that was more evident for unstable biomass leading to more similar values when stabilization occurred. The scientific apparatus proposed made it possible to measure oxygen uptake under autothermal conditions and avoid problems connected with the use of a preset temperature, biomass temperature being a consequence of the microbial activity, as is also suggested by the significant linear regression of T versus RI (R² = 0.84, 0.73, 0.82, and 0.90 for the four trials, respectively). The methods proposed could be used with advantage in the future for biological stability measurements, above all for heterogeneous material such as MSW and its products, thus obtaining respirometric data that better reflect what happens during an aerobic process.  相似文献   

Consumer Preferences for Farmed Seafood: An Italian Case Study     

Domitilla Pulcini  Simone Franceschini  Luca Buttazzoni  Cristina Giannetti  Fabrizio Capoccioni 《Journal Of Aquatic Food Product Technology》2020,29(5):445-460

ABSTRACT

European consumers prefer wild over farmed aquatic food and consider it healthier and tastier. Consumers are increasingly paying attention to sustainability and welfare of farmed fish. Such expectations might be met by organic certification, but this represents a cost for the producer. It is crucial to know consumer habits about farmed aquatic food consumption and willingness to pay for certification. Data about Italian consumers’ preferences regarding farmed organic aquatic food were collected by an online questionnaire. A total of 8,657 answers were analyzed, patterns associated with demographics were investigated, and the degree of correlation among answers was calculated. The majority (75%) of family units buy less than 2 kg of farmed aquatic food per month, spending on average 20–50 €. About 40% never consume organic aquaculture products because of lack of knowledge, unavailability, and high price. Slightly over half (55%) of consumers, regardless of age, sex, and area, were willing to pay a premium price for organic-certified aquatic food, seen as antibiotic free, traceable, and sustainable. Organic food in general is well known, and distrust is the main reason that consumers avoid it, while organic aquatic food is still in its infancy, and lack of knowledge is associated with low consumption.  相似文献   

Dourine Reemergence in Italy     

Paolo Calistri  Valeria NarcisiMarcello Atzeni  DVM  Fabrizio De MassisManuela Tittarelli  Maria Teresa MercanteEnzo Ruggieri  DVM  Massimo Scacchia  DVM 《Journal of Equine Veterinary Science》2013

In 2011, five outbreaks of dourine were originally reported in Italy. The outbreaks occurred in two regions of southern Italy. From June to December 2011, a surveillance plan has been carried out in Italy to estimate the prevalence and geographical distribution of dourine infection in the equine population. Finally, two other new outbreaks were reported, and seven outbreaks were confirmed. This article describes the results of the surveillance plan, also taking into consideration the prevalence of infection observed in the different types of equine premises.  相似文献   

Effect of alkali and silane treatments on mechanical and thermal behavior of Phormium tenax fibers     

Debora Puglia  Marco Monti  Carlo Santulli  Fabrizio Sarasini  Igor Maria De Rosa  Josè Maria Kenny 《Fibers and Polymers》2013,14(3):423-427

The effect of different treatments on the mechanical (tensile), thermal behavior (TGA), FTIR, and morphology of Phormium tenax fibers has been studied with the aim to investigate methods to improve their compatibility with polymer matrices. Applied treatments included sodium hydroxide (NaOH), silane (APTES, 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane), and the combined application of silane treatment after NaOH. The effectiveness of the treatments in the removal of non-structural matter from the fibers was confirmed by FTIR investigation and TGA measurements, suggesting also that the alkali treatment has a strong effect on their thermal behavior. The study of tensile properties of the fibers performed using Weibull statistics indicates that the tensile properties are somewhat reduced by chemical treatment. The morphological investigation of treated fibers through scanning electron microscopy indicates that silane treatments, both on raw fibers and on alkalized ones, result in limited fiber degradation.  相似文献   

Phenotypic and genotypic pyrethroid resistance of Aedes albopictus,with focus on the 2017 chikungunya outbreak in Italy     

Verena Pichler  Chiara Malandruccolo  Paola Serini  Romeo Bellini  Francesco Severini  Luciano Toma  Marco Di Luca  Fabrizio Montarsi  Marco Ballardini  Mattia Manica  Vincenzo Petrarca  John Vontas  Shinji Kasai  Alessandra della Torre  Beniamino Caputo 《Pest management science》2019,75(10):2642-2651

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A field study of the impact of different irrigation practices on herbicide leaching     

Gabriella Fait  Matteo Balderacchi  Federico Ferrari  Fabrizio Ungaro  Ettore Capri  Marco Trevisan 《European Journal of Agronomy》2010,32(4):280-287

Agricultural practices, such as subsurface drainage, irrigation and tillage, may significantly affect pesticide leaching and, consequently, the risk of groundwater contamination. The aim of the present study was to investigate the impact of different irrigation systems on herbicide leaching to shallow groundwater through direct monitoring at the field scale in northern Italy over a 3-year period. Concentrations of the herbicide terbuthylazine (TBA) and its metabolite desethylterbuthylazine (DES) were monitored on 10 farms cropped with maize and irrigated by sprinkler, basin and border systems. Considering the results grouped according to the different irrigation systems, the mean TBA and DES concentrations was lower than the arbitrary non-health based legal limit of 0.1 μg/L using sprinkler and border systems, while it was 0.19 and 0.30 μg/L respectively for TBA and DES using basin systems.However, since many factors other than the irrigation systems can contribute to pesticide leaching and in a field study it is impossible to discriminate between all the different variables, the concentrations of both compounds were simulated with and without irrigation using the model MACRO 5.1 in order to gain a deeper understanding of the role of irrigation on leaching. First, the groundwater table depth, which was measured daily in all fields, was used to calibrate the model and thus achieve a good soil hydrology calibration. To assess the performance of the model the root mean squared error (RMSE) was used. RMSE ranged from 0.2 to 0.5 m, showing that a satisfactory hydrology calibration was obtained. Afterward, the solutes were modelled and the results showed that under non-irrigated conditions, concentrations of both compounds would be very low. These findings validate the hypothesis that careful selection of agricultural practices, such as the type of irrigation, can reduce pesticide leaching.  相似文献   

Diagnostic characteristics of refractometry cut-off points for the estimation of immunoglobulin G concentration in mare colostrum     

Elisa Rampacci  Karen Mazzola  Francesca Beccati  Fabrizio Passamonti 《Equine veterinary journal》2023,55(1):102-110

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ULTRASONOGRAPHIC FINDINGS IN 38 HORSES WITH SEPTIC ARTHRITIS/TENOSYNOVITIS          下载免费PDF全文

Francesca Beccati  Rodolfo Gialletti  Fabrizio Passamonti  Sara Nannarone  Antonio Di Meo  Marco Pepe 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》2015,56(1):68-76

Septic arthritis/tenosynovitis in the horse can have life‐threatening consequences. The purpose of this cross‐sectional retrospective study was to describe ultrasound characteristics of septic arthritis/tenosynovitis in a group of horses. Diagnosis of septic arthritis/tenosynovitis was based on historical and clinical findings as well as the results of the synovial fluid analysis and/or positive synovial culture. Ultrasonographic findings recorded were degree of joint/sheath effusion, degree of synovial membrane thickening, echogenicity of the synovial fluid, and presence of hyperechogenic spots and fibrinous loculations. Ultrasonographic findings were tested for dependence on the cause of sepsis, time between admission and beginning of clinical signs, and the white blood cell counts in the synovial fluid. Thirty‐eight horses with confirmed septic arthritis/tenosynovitis of 43 joints/sheaths were included. Degree of effusion was marked in 81.4% of cases, mild in 16.3%, and absent in 2.3%. Synovial thickening was mild in 30.9% of cases and moderate/severe in 69.1%. Synovial fluid was anechogenic in 45.2% of cases and echogenic in 54.8%. Hyperechogenic spots were identified in 32.5% of structures and fibrinous loculations in 64.3%. Relationships between the degree of synovial effusion, degree of the synovial thickening, presence of fibrinous loculations, and the time between admission and beginning of clinical signs were identified, as well as between the presence of fibrinous loculations and the cause of sepsis (P ≤ 0.05). Findings indicated that ultrasonographic findings of septic arthritis/tenosynovitis may vary in horses, and may be influenced by time between admission and beginning of clinical signs.  相似文献   

Comparison of different tissue sampling for PCR-based diagnosis and follow-up of canine visceral leishmaniosis     

Manna L  Vitale F  Reale S  Caracappa S  Pavone LM  Morte RD  Cringoli G  Staiano N  Gravino AE 《Veterinary parasitology》2004,125(3-4):251-262

In this study, different types of tissue sampling for PCR-based diagnosis and follow-up of canine visceral leishmaniosis were compared. Skin, whole blood and lymph node samples were collected from 95 naturally infected dogs living in South Italy, where the disease is endemic. Twenty-nine of these 95 dogs, treated with meglumine administered concurrently with allopurinol for 30 days, and then with allopurinol alone, were monitored during a period of 2 years. The DNA extracted from the clinical specimens was amplified by PCR using as target DNA a 116-bp fragment in the constant region of the kinetoplast DNA minicircle. PCR analysis was more sensitive than indirect immunofluorescence antibody test in detecting Leishmania infection in symptomatic dogs: 99% of lymph node samples resulted positive, whereas 94% of blood samples and 95% of skin samples gave a positive result. PCR analysis of samples from dogs followed up 2 years showed that: (1) all subjects resulted positive in at least one of the three types of samples; (2) all time the dogs had a relapse, PCR resulted positive in all three types of samples; (3) when dogs were apparently healthy, PCR analysis was positive on skin and lymph node samples, but not always on blood samples. Since lymph node sampling is invasive and sometimes difficult in healthy asymptomatic dogs, our results suggest that, independently from the presence or not of cutaneous lesions, skin biopsy represents a good substratum for PCR-based diagnosis and follow-up of canine visceral leishmaniosis.  相似文献   

Association between faecal shedding of feline coronavirus and serum alpha1-acid glycoprotein sialylation     

Paltrinieri S  Gelain ME  Ceciliani F  Ribera AM  Battilani M 《Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery》2008,10(5):514-518

The sialylation pattern of serum alpha1-acid glycoprotein (AGP) in non-symptomatic cats infected by feline coronavirus (FCoV) and its possible relationship with the amount of FCoVs shed in faeces were investigated. Blood from three specific pathogen-free cats (group A) and from 10 non-symptomatic FCoV-positive cats from catteries with low (group B, three cats) or high (group C, seven cats) levels of faecal shedding were collected monthly. AGP was purified from serum and Western blotting followed by lectin-staining of alpha(2,3)-linked and alpha(2,6)-linked sialic acid. Faecal shedding was quantified in group C by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Variations of AGP sialylation were recorded only in cats from group C, on which viral shedding peaked before the occurrence of feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) in the cattery, and decreased 1 month later, when serum AGP had an increase of alpha(2,3)-linked sialic acid. These results suggest that hypersialylation of AGP may be involved in host-virus interactions.  相似文献