Modulation of Lipopolysaccharide Stimulated Nuclear Factor kappa B Mediated iNOS/NO Production by Bromelain in Rat Primary Microglial Cells     

Soraya Abbasi Habashi  Farzaneh Sabouni  Ali Moghimi  Saeed Ansari Majd 《Iranian Biomedical Journal》2016,20(1):33-40

Background:

Microglial cells act as the sentinel of the central nervous system .They are involved in neuroprotection but are highly implicated in neurodegeneration of the aging brain. When over-activated, microglia release pro-inflammatory factors, such as nitric oxide (NO) and cytokines, which are critical in eliciting neuroinflammatory responses associated with neurodegenerative diseases. This study examined whether bromelain, the pineapple-derived extract, may exert an anti-inflammatory effect in primary microglia and may be neuroprotective by regulating microglial activation.

Methods:

Following the isolation of neonatal rat primary microglial cells, the activation profile of microglia was investigated by studying the effects of bromelain (5, 10, 20, and 30 µg/ml) on the levels of NO, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) in microglia treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (1 µg/ml). Data were analyzed using Student''s t-test. P values less than 0.05 were considered to be statistically significant, compared with the LPS-treated group without bromelain.

Results:

Results showed that pretreatment of rat primary microglia with bromelain, decreased the production of NO induced by LPS (1 µg/ml) treatment in a dose-dependent manner. Bromelain (30 µg/ml) also significantly reduced the expression of iNOS at mRNA level and NF-κB at protein level. Moreover, the study of mitochondrial activity in microglia indicated that bromelain had no cytotoxicity at any of the applied doses, suggesting that the anti-inflammatory effects of bromelain are not due to cell death.

Conclusion:

Bromelain can be of potential use as an agent for alleviation of symptoms in neurodegenerative diseases.  相似文献   

Plant selection method for urban landscapes of semi-arid cities (a case study of Tehran)     

Morteza Asgarzadeh  Kourosh Vahdati  Mahmoud Lotfi  Mostafa Arab  Alireza Babaei  Farzaneh Naderi  Mohammad Pir Soufi  Ghazaleh Rouhani 《Urban Forestry & Urban Greening》2014,13(3):450-458

Choosing appropriate plants for urban landscapes is vital to avoid potential financial and environmental losses that may occur if all selection parameters are not taken into account. A methodology has been developed to assist landscape architects, planting designers, and urban horticulturists in the plant selection process. Tehran has been picked as a case study due to its arid and semi-arid climate which poses more challenges in front of an expert. After grouping plants, selection parameters have been defined for each plant group. Plant species were comparatively graded for each parameter by a group of eight specialists. Analytical hierarchy process (AHP) technique and hierarchical cluster analysis have been utilized to find the most adaptable plant species for the area according to the main selection parameters of zone tolerance, urban conditions, esthetics, maintenance, growth characteristics, and specific features. Several new plants were ranked high in the final tables suggesting that the urban landscape of Tehran has a great potential to become more attractive, less allergic, and less costly, as well as consuming less water. Before introducing new plants to the urban environment, they should be experimented on in small numbers for several years to confirm that they will not change the ecology of the whole region through invasion or posing a threat to any local plant species.  相似文献   

Preliminary study on the activity of protease enzymes in Persian sturgeon (Acipenser persicus Borodin, 1897) larvae in response to different diets: effects on growth and survival     

Farzaneh Noori  Gilbert Van Stappen  Patrick Sorgeloos 《Aquaculture Research》2012,43(2):198-207

The specific activity of alkaline protease, trypsin and pepsin‐like enzymes was measured in yolk sac stage Acipenser persicus larvae and over a 1‐month feeding experiment using live Artemia nauplii (ND), formulated feed (FD) or mixed food (MD). Artemia nauplii group larvae showed significantly higher growth and survival during the first 15 days while FD larvae showed the lowest growth and survival. At day 30, MD larvae exhibited significantly higher growth than the ND group. Alkaline protease activity showed the lowest activity on day 15; the highest activity was observed in the MD group larvae. Pepsin‐like activity showed a drastic increase from day 1 to 5 in all treatments, but remained stable throughout the next 25 days, with the lowest and the highest activity in the FD treatment on day 10 and in the MD treatment on day 30 post‐feeding respectively. Trypsin‐like activity in group ND remained almost the same from day 5 to 30, whereas in groups MD and FD, it decreased significantly from day 10 to 30. The contribution of the naupliar proteases was moderate but effective. Additionally, better performance in Artemia fed sturgeon larvae may also be due to the structure and digestibility of proteins and the food intake stimulation by the nauplii.  相似文献   

Responses of wheat to zinc sulfate fertilizer and plant growth‐promoting rhizobacteria under cadmium stress in soil     

Marzieh Safari  Farzaneh Nahari Alishah  Hossein Kari Dolatabad  Udonna Ndu  Cristian P. Schulthess  Ali Sorooshzadeh 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》2019,182(3):463-476

Cadmium (Cd) is a major pollutant in soils as a result of extensive use of fertilizers, mining and industrial discharges. Zinc (Zn) and certain bacterial species have been known to alleviate Cd toxicity in plants. In this study, the individual and combined effects of the application of Zn and Pseudomonas species with the aim of reducing Cd stress in wheat cultivars were investigated. Plants (durum wheat and bread wheat) were exposed to different concentrations of Cd and Zn, and either P. putida or P. fluorescens in a growth chamber. Concentrations of Zn, Cd, chlorophyll (Chl), carotenoid, hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂), and malondialdehyde (MDA), as well as antioxidant enzyme activities were assayed. The addition of Zn in soils reduced the toxicity of Cd in durum wheat more than in bread wheat even though there was more uptake of Zn in bread wheat. Analysis of variance showed that by using Zn fertilizer and Pseudomonas species the amounts of peroxidase (POD), polyphenoloxidase (PPO), MDA, and H₂O₂ were reduced at three growth stages. Surprisingly, with increasing Zn concentration, Cd concentration in plant tissue was slightly increased, which suggests that adding Zn to soil could facilitate Cd desorption from soil particles. Application of Pseudomonas and Zn could be a promising solution to reduce detrimental effects of Cd, especially in durum wheat.  相似文献   

Partial and total replacement of fish meal by marine microalga Spirulina platensis in the diet of Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei: Growth,digestive enzyme activities,fatty acid composition and responses to ammonia and hypoxia stress          下载免费PDF全文

Somayeh Pakravan  Arash Akbarzadeh  Mir Masoud Sajjadi  Abdolmajid Hajimoradloo  Farzaneh Noori 《Aquaculture Research》2017,48(11):5576-5586

In the this study, we evaluated the effect of replacement of fish meal by a marine microalgae Spirulina platensis on growth, digestive enzyme activities, fatty acid composition and responses to ammonia and hypoxia stress in Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei (2.6 ± 0.2 g). Experimental diets contained S. platensis at 0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% replacement levels. After 8 weeks of feeding trial, growth parameters and proximate body composition were not significantly different among treatments (p > .05). Amylase and lipase activities did not show any significant differences between control group and other experimental diets (p > .05), while activities of trypsin and chymotrypsin were significantly higher in shrimp fed diet with 50% substitution of microalgae compared to control group. Fatty acid contents, particularly polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) including arachidonic acid (ARA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), were significantly higher in control diet compared to other experimental diets. On the contrary, the majority of fatty acids including the contents of PUFAs in the whole body of L. vannamei fed with different levels of S. platensis were significantly higher compared to those of control group. After 48‐h exposure to ammonia, survival per cent was not statistically different between all groups (p > .05), but in hypoxia challenge, the survival per cent of control group was significantly less than that of treatments fed diets contained S. platensis (p < .05). Altogether, o ur results demonstrated the effectiveness of S. platensis as a reliable protein source for substitution of fish meal in shrimp aquaculture.  相似文献   

Selenoamino Acid-Enriched Green Pea as a Value-Added Plant Protein Source for Humans and Livestock     

Farzaneh Garousi  Éva Domokos-Szabolcsy  Mihály Jánószky  Andrea Balláné Kovács  Szilvia Veres  Áron Soós  Béla Kovács 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》2017,72(2):168-175

Selenium deficiency in various degrees affects around 15% of the world’s population, contributing to a variety of health problems. In this study, we examined the accumulation and biotransformation of soil applied Se-supplementation (sodium selenite and sodium selenate forms) at different concentrations, along with growth and yield formation of green pea, in a greenhouse experiment. Biotransformation of inorganic Se was evaluated using HPLC-ICP-MS for Se-species separation in the above ground parts of green pea. Results showed 3 mg kg^?1 Se^IV increased green pea growth biomarkers and also caused an increase in protein content in leaves by 17%. Selenomethionine represented 65% of the total selenium content in shoots, but was lower in pods and seeds (54 and 38%, respectively). Selenomethionine was the major species in all plant parts and the only organic selenium form in the lower Se^IV concentration range. Elevating the dose of Se^IV (≥30 mg kg^?1) triggered detrimental effects on growth and protein content and caused higher accumulation of inorganic Se in forms of Se^VI and Se^IV. Selenocysteine, another organic form of proteinogenic amino acid, was determined when Se^IV (≥10 mg kg^?1) was applied in higher concentrations. Thus, agronomic biofortification using the appropriate chemical form and concentration of Se will have positive effects on green pea growth and its enriched shoots and seeds provide a value-added protein source for livestock and humans with significant increased selenomethionine.  相似文献   

Efficiency of screening criteria for drought tolerance in chickpea     

Masoumeh Pouresmael  Ramazan Ali Khavari-Nejad  Javad Mozafari  Farzaneh Najafi  Foad Moradi 《Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science》2013,59(12):1675-1693

Crop drought tolerance improvement is one of the most challenging objectives of plant breeding programs. Developing an efficient screening technology and access to genetic variation for the traits contributing toward drought tolerance are major steps in this direction. To go in this quest, an experiment was conducted under controlled condition in a greenhouse. Nine Kabuli chickpea genotypes were grown under well-watered condition (85–90% field capacity (FC)) until start of flowering. Then, the following water treatments were imposed: well-watered, intermediate (55–60% FC), and severe (25–30% FC) drought stress. Physiological and agronomical traits were compared under different water treatments. Drought stress and genotypes interaction was significant in all measured traits, indicating that various genotypes responded differently to drought stress. Among measured traits, electrolyte leakage, stomatal conductance, yield components, and harvest index exhibited the highest variations. Yield components and stomatal conductance showed maximum reduction under drought stress and in susceptible known genotype, ILC3279, reduction reached up to 95%. Principal component analysis indicated that relative water content, photochemical efficiency of photosystem II, and stomatal conductance are the physiological traits with greater contribution toward drought tolerance. Therefore, these traits should be evaluated ahead of many other traits in making selections for drought-tolerant chickpea genotypes.  相似文献   

Effect of Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cell Sheets on Skin Capillary Parameters in a diabetic wound model: A Novel Preliminary Study     

Maryam Habibi  Farzaneh Chehelcheraghi 《Iranian Biomedical Journal》2021,25(5):334

Background:Treatment with BMMSCs has anti-inflammatory, tissue regenerative, angiogenic, and immune-stimulating effects. When using as sheets or accumulate, BMMSCs causes the development of neoangiogenesis in damaged skin tissue. Diabetes, a metabolic disorder, can negatively affect many physiological functions, including the process of skin injury repair. This adverse impact may increase the risk of skin surgery. RSF is commonly used in reconstructive surgery. The terminal part of the RSF is often affected by necrosis because of impaired blood flow, which is exacerbated in diabetes. This study investigated the effect of stem cells, applied as accumulated or cell sheets, along with RSF surgery on skin capillaries in STZ-induced diabetic rats. Methods:Thirty male Wistar rats were divided into three groups (n = 10): diabetes-RSF control, diabetes-RSF local applied stem cells (loc-BMMSCs), diabetes-RSF applied stem cells as accumulated or cell sheets (ac-BMMSCs). Two weeks after the STZ injection, RSF surgery and stem cell therapy (6 × 10⁹) were carried out (day zero). Furthermore, stereological methods were used to investigate the capillary patterns among the groups. Anti-CD31/PCAM1 immunohistochemistry was also used for further confirmation of changes in capillary parameters. Results:The results demonstrated that capillaries were protected by MSC sheets in the flap tissue, and the thickness of the epidermal layer was improved, indicationg the possible beneficial effects of MSC sheets on diabetic wound treatment. Conclusion:Stem cells, as ac-BMMSCs, may decrease the levels of wound healing complications in diabetes and can be considered as a cell therapy option in such conditions.Key Words: Neoangiogenesis, Skin flap, Transplantation, Wound healing  相似文献   

Benefits of organic fertilizers spray on growth quality of chili pepper seedlings under cool temperature     

Mohammad Kazem Souri  Farzaneh Yaghoubi Sooraki 《Journal of plant nutrition》2019,42(6):650-656

In this study, effects of foliar application (with constant 0.2% concentration) of chemical NPK (N20:P10:K20) and organic fertilizers of Biomin (an organic aminochelate fertilizer), Humifolin (a humic acid based fertilizer), Biomin?+?Humifolin, a synthetic macro-micro mixture, soil application of NPK (600?mg.kg^?1 of the N20:P10:K20 formulation), and a no fertilizer control were evaluated on growth and quality of chili pepper (Capsicum annuum var annuum) seedlings under greenhouse conditions with cool temperature of 15?±?3?°C. The results showed that most growth and quality traits were best improved by foliar application of Biomin aminochelate followed by Humifolin fertilizer. Higher values for leaf area, leaf number, chlorophyl index, root and shoot biomass, and leaf concentration of soluble sugars, N, K, Ca, and Zn, were attributed to foliar application of Biomin and Humifolin. The mixture of Biomin?+?Humifolin had reduced values of those parameters indicating possible negative interaction when these two organic fertilizers are mixed.  相似文献   

Effects of anionic salts supplementation on blood pH and mineral status, energy metabolism, reproduction and production in transition dairy cows     

Hesam A. Seifi  Mehrdad Mohri  Nima Farzaneh  Shima Vahidi Nejhad 《Research in veterinary science》2010,89(1):72-77

The objectives of this study were to determine the effects of a pre-partum diet with lower than recommended (DCAD = −82 mEq/kg of dietary DM) amounts of anionic salts on metabolism, health, reproductive performance and milk production in dairy cows. Sixty Holstein multiparous cows were enrolled 21 days prior to expected calving date. The animals were randomly assigned to receive one of two rations: 30 cows received anionic ration [−82 mEq (NA + K − Cl − S)/kg of DM] for 21 d to parturition and the other group (n = 30) were fed a usual dry period ration (+192 mEq/kg of DM). Serum samples obtained at days −21, +3 and +21 relative to calving were analyzed for β-hydroxybutyrate (BHBA), non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), glucose, calcium (Ca), inorganic phosphorus, magnesium, chloride, sodium, potassium, cholesterol, urea, creatinine, total protein, albumin, and aspartate aminotransferase (AST). Urine pH declined from 8.4 at 21 d before calving (pre-treatment) to 6.2 at day 7 pre-partum in the treatment group. Repeated-measure mixed model analysis indicated that the concentrations of Ca were significantly increased and creatinine, and AST were significantly decreased by lowering DCAD. The concentrations of BHBA, NEFA and glucose were not affected by treatment. The incidence of milk fever and culling were 5 and 11 times higher in the control group in comparison with the treatment group, respectively. The intervals from calving to first breeding and to pregnancy were not influenced by treatment. There was no group effect on average daily milk yield or fat percentage.  相似文献