Long-term survival and infectivity of Salmonella choleraesuis   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Gray JT  Fedorka-Cray PJ 《Berliner und Münchener tier?rztliche Wochenschrift》2001,114(9-10):370-374

It is believed that Salmonella Choleraesuis, the host-adapted serotype of swine, does not survive well outside the host. We examined the survival capability as well as the presence of latent DNA of S. Choleraesuis in swine feces. Pigs were infected with S. Choleraesuis and feces was collected and pooled on days 2, 4, 7, and 10 post inoculation (PI). Feces was stored in a wet and a dry form and survival was measured over 13 months. Salmonella Choleraesuis was recovered from wet feces through 3 months of storage. In a desiccated (dry) form, S. Choleraesuis was recovered from at least 13 months. Direct PCR analysis did not detect S. Choleraesuis subsequent to the final culture recovery for any stored sample. We also examined the infectivity of S. Choleraesuis resident in dry feces. Six or 13 week old pigs were inoculated with dry feces that had been stored either 2 months or 4 months, respectively. Pigs were inoculated either intranasally or by mixing dry feces with the swine ration. Although clinical signs were mild, S. Choleraesuis was widely disseminated among the tissues of all the pigs inoculated. This study demonstrates that S. Choleraesuis remains viable and infective in the environment. Therefore, contaminated fecal matter can serve as a reservoir for S. Choleraesuis as well as other Salmonella spp. Control measures must consider this environmental reservoir as a source of new infections.  相似文献   

Epidemiologic aspects, control, and importance of multiple-drug resistant Salmonella Typhimurium DT104 in the United States     

Akkina JE  Hogue AT  Angulo FJ  Johnson R  Petersen KE  Saini PK  Fedorka-Cray PJ  Schlosser WD 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》1999,214(6):790-798

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Pharmacokinetics of hemoglobin-based oxygen carrier hemoglobin-glutamer-200 bovine (oxyglobin) in the horse     

LR Soma  F Guan  CE Uboh  Y Luo  PJ Moate  B Driessen 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2005,32(4):17-17

Oxyglobin (OXY) is a hemoglobin‐based oxygen carrier (HBOC) made of glutaraldehyde‐polymerized bovine hemoglobin (bHb). Products similar to OXY are under development for use as temporary blood substitutes in trauma, shock and anemia. Since they all may increase blood O₂‐carrying capacity and thus, possibly tissue oxygenation, they may also be used to enhance performance of both equine and human athletes. That is why HBOCs are banned from use in athletic competition. Our goal was to determine the pharmacokinetics of OXY after intravenous (IV) infusion to horses. Blood and urine samples were collected from adult horses that received an IV dose of 32.5 g of OXY. Concentrations of OXY in plasma and urine were quantified using a newly developed LC/Q‐TOF‐MS/MS detection technique. Level of quantification (LOQ) was 50 μg mL^–1. The decline of the plasma concentration‐time curve of the HBOC was described by a 2‐compartment model (C1 and C2). The median distribution alpha (t1/2k1,0) and elimination beta (t1/2k2,0) half‐lives were 1.3 and 12.0 hours, respectively. The bHb molecules in OXY are not of uniform size and vary substantially in molecular weight (MW). Of the OXY molecules 53% were eliminated in C1, which represented the smaller MW molecules and 47% in C2, which represented the larger MW bHb. The maximal 0‐time plasma concentration was 662.0 μg/mL and declined to 97.1 μg mL^–1 at 24 h. The area below the plasma concentration‐time curve was 5143 μg h^–1 mL^–1. The volumes of C₁ and C₂ were 86.9 and 63.9 mL kg^–1, respectively. Oxyglobin was not detected in urine. This study shows the detection and quantification in equine plasma of a HBOC following IV infusion and demonstrates the short half‐life of about 50% of infused bHb molecules.  相似文献   

Risk factors for fecal shedding of Salmonella in 91 US dairy herds in 1996     

Kabagambe EK  Wells SJ  Garber LP  Salman MD  Wagner B  Fedorka-Cray PJ 《Preventive veterinary medicine》2000,43(3):177-194

In 1996, data on management practices used on US dairy operations were collected and analyzed for association with fecal shedding of Salmonella by dairy cows. A total of 4299 fecal samples from 91 herds was cultured for Salmonella isolation. Herd-size (adjusted odds ratios (OR) = 5.8, 95% CI 1.1, 31.3), region (OR = 5.7, CI 1.4, 23.5), use of flush water systems (OR = 3.5, CI 0.9, 14.7), and feeding brewers' products to lactating cows (OR = 3.4, CI 0.9, 12.9) were identified as the most important predictive risk factors. The population attributable risks (PARs) for herd-size, region, flush water system, and feeding brewers' products to lactating cows were 0.76, 0.46, 0.37, and 0.42, respectively. The estimated PAR for all four risk factors combined was 0.95. The effects of these factors need to be more-closely evaluated in more-controlled studies, in order to develop intervention programs that reduce Salmonella shedding.  相似文献   

Synergism between porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) and Salmonella choleraesuis in swine   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Wills RW  Gray JT  Fedorka-Cray PJ  Yoon KJ  Ladely S  Zimmerman JJ 《Veterinary microbiology》2000,71(3-4):177-192

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) and Salmonella choleraesuis are two leading causes of economic loss in the swine industry. While respiratory disease is common in both S. choleraesuis and PRRSV infections, the factors that contribute to its development remain largely undefined. We investigated the interaction of PRRSV, S. choleraesuis, and stress in 5-week-old swine. All combinations of three factors (inoculation with S. choleraesuis on Day 0, PRRSV on Day 3, and treatment with dexamethasone on Days 3-7) were used to produce eight treatment groups in two independent trials. Fecal samples, tonsil and nasal swabs, serum samples and postmortem tissues were collected for bacteriologic and virologic examinations. No clinical signs were observed in pigs inoculated with only PRRSV or only S. choleraesuis. In contrast, pigs which were dually infected with S. choleraesuis and PRRSV exhibited unthriftiness, rough hair coats, dyspnea, and diarrhea. The pigs which received all three treatment factors were the most severely affected and 43% (three of seven) of the animals in this group died. Individuals in this group shed significantly higher quantities of S. choleraesuis in feces and had significantly higher serum PRRSV titers compared to other treatments (p < or = 0.05). In addition, S. choleraesuis and PRRSV were shed longer and by more pigs in this group than other groups and S. choleraesuis was recovered from more tissues in this group on Day 21 post inoculation. These results suggested that PRRSV, S. choleraesuis, and dexamethasone acted synergistically to produce a syndrome similar to that observed in the field.  相似文献   

Fecal shedding of Salmonella spp by horses in the United States during 1998 and 1999 and detection of Salmonella spp in grain and concentrate sources on equine operations     

Traub-Dargatz JL  Garber LP  Fedorka-Cray PJ  Ladely S  Ferris KE 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》2000,217(2):226-230

OBJECTIVE: To estimate prevalence of fecal shedding of Salmonella spp among horses in the US horse population and prevalence of Salmonella spp in grain or other concentrate used as horse feed on equine operations in the United States. DESIGN: Cross-sectional survey. SAMPLE POPULATION: Horses on 972 operations in 28 states. PROCEDURE: Fecal samples were collected from horses resident at each operation. Only a single sample was collected from any individual horse; number of horses from which samples were collected on each operation was determined on the basis of number of horses on the operation. A single sample of grain or concentrate was also collected from each operation. All samples were tested for Salmonella spp by means of bacterial culture. RESULTS: Overall, 0.8% (SE, 0.5) of resident horses shed Salmonella spp in their feces. The overall prevalence of operations positive for fecal shedding of Salmonella spp (i.e., operations with > or = 1 horse shedding Salmonella spp in its feces) was 1.8% (SE, 0.7). Prevalence of grain or other concentrate samples positive for Salmonella spp was 0.4%. Serotypes of Salmonella spp that were identified in grain or other concentrate were not those typically associated with clinical disease in horses. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Results suggest that the national prevalence of fecal shedding of Salmonella spp by horses in the United States was 0.8%, and that prevalence of Salmonella spp in grain or other concentrate used for horse feed was 0.4%.  相似文献   

P53‐Mediated Repression of the Reprogramming in Cloned Bovine Embryos Through Direct Interaction with HDAC1 and Indirect Interaction with DNMT3A          下载免费PDF全文

PJ Ma  H Zhang  R Li  YS Wang  Y Zhang  S Hua 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2015,50(3):400-409

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Use of developmental temperature and gastrointestinal tract location to isolate pure Trichostrongylus vitrinus from mixed,naturally acquired trichostrongylid infections in sheep          下载免费PDF全文

PJ Blackburn  IH Carmichael  SW Walkden‐Brown  S Greenslade 《Australian veterinary journal》2015,93(6):221-224

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Surgical resolution of accidental intramuscular injection of Gudair® vaccine in a mare          下载免费PDF全文

H Willsallen  PJ Yang  KA Jacobs 《Australian veterinary journal》2015,93(9):301-304

This case report describes the accidental intramuscular administration of 20 mL Gudair® vaccine to a 7‐year‐old Standardbred mare and successful treatment of the resulting inflammatory reaction by radical surgical resection.  相似文献   

Transcriptional and posttranscriptional plant gene silencing in response to a pathogen     

NS Al-Kaff  SN Covey  MM Kreike  AM Page  R Pinder  PJ Dale 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1998,279(5359):2113-2115

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