PARTURIENT PARESIS (MILK FEVER) OF DAIRY COWS: 5. Ruminal Contents in the Respiratory Tract     

D. C. Fenwick  B.V.Sc. 《Australian veterinary journal》1969,45(10):450-453

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The effects of "holding" on some blood parameters in goats     

D C Fenwick  J K Blackshaw  A W Beattie 《Veterinary research communications》1985,9(2):127-133

One young male and five female goats aged from four months to mature full-mouthed were handled by stroking and raising the jugular vein intermittently for one minute each day for four days. A control group was kept in a similar pen out of sight of the test group for the four days and approached only when attended for pen cleaning and feeding. On the fifth day, heparinised blood samples were taken once hourly for a period of three hours by jugular venepuncture from both groups. After processing, the samples were examined for packed cell volumes, plasma and erythrocyte potassium and sodium concentrations. Analysis of variance of the data showed a significant (P less than 0.01) reduction in erythrocyte potassium concentration in the unhandled group (76.3 mmol/l to 74.2 mmol/l) from Time 0 to Time 1, and a similarly significant increase in levels in the handled group (73.7 mmol/l to 78.0 mmol/l) from Time 0 to Time 1. There was also a significant difference (P less than 0.05) in packed cell volumes between the unhandled and handled groups at Time 0 and Time 1 (28.6% v 25.2% and 27.6% v 25.0% respectively). There were no significant differences between the two groups in plasma sodium, plasma potassium or erythrocyte sodium.  相似文献   

PARTURIENT PARESIS (MILK FEVER) OF COWS: 1. The Response to Treatment and the Effect of the Duration of Symptoms   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

D. C. Fenwick  B.V.Sc. 《Australian veterinary journal》1969,45(3):111-113

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Effect of intravenous lidocaine and ketamine on isoflurane minimum alveolar concentration in goats     

MA Redua  T Doherty  P Castro-Queiroz  BW Rohrbach 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2005,32(4):6-7

This study evaluated the effects of IV lidocaine (L) and ketamine (K), alone and in combination (LK), on the isoflurane MAC (ISO_MAC) in goats. It was hypothesized that L and K would reduce ISO_MAC and that the effect of LK would be additive. Eight adult goats (24–51 kg) were used in the study. Each goat was studied on four occasions, at weekly intervals, using a randomized crossover design. Anesthesia was induced with isoflurane (ISO) in O₂ and goats were intubated and ventilated to normocapnia. End‐tidal ISO (ET_ISO) and CO₂ were monitored with a calibrated infrared analyzer. Body temperature was maintained in the normal range using a heating pad. Approximately 45 minutes after intubation, and with the ET_ISO having been held constant for at least 20 minutes, determination of the baseline MAC (MAC_B) was initiated. A noxious stimulus, which consisted of clamping a claw between the jaws of a 10‐inch Vulsellum forceps, was administered for 60 seconds or until purposeful movement occurred. If purposeful movement occurred, the ET_ISO was increased by 0.1 vols% otherwise it was decreased by 0.1 vols% and the stimulus was reapplied following a 20 minute equilibration period. Following MAC_B determination treatments were administered as a loading dose (Ld) in 10 mL 0.9% NaCl over 3 minutes followed by a constant rate infusion to a final volume of 60 mL hour^–1 in 0.9% NaCl, as follows: L (Ld 2.5 mg kg^–1 + 100 μg kg^–1 minutes^–1); K (Ld 1.5 mg kg^–1 + 50 μg kg^–1minutes); LK or 0.9% NaCl. Post‐treatment MAC (MAC_T) determination began 45 minutes after the start of the loading dose. MAC_B and MAC_T were determined in triplicate and the mean value was used for data analysis. Difference in percent change in MAC was tested using a mixed‐model anova . Means separation among levels of treatment was tested using the Tukey‐Kramer method. The mean MAC_B for all treatments was 1.13 ± 0.03 vols%. L, K and LK reduced (p < 0.05) MAC_B by 19%, 49% and 69%, respectively. No change (p > 0.05) occurred with saline. It was concluded that L and K caused clinically significant decreases in ISO_MAC; however, the percent MAC reduction with L was less than expected given the MAC reduction reported with L for other species. The combination (LK) caused a profound decrease in ISO_MAC and this effect was additive.  相似文献   

Vitamin D3 and the renal handling of phosphate in American eels     

J. C. Fenwick  M. G. Vermette 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》1989,7(1-6):351-358

Cholecalciferol (Vitamin D₃) increased plasma inorganic phosphate concentration in American eels,Anguilla rostrata, in a dose-dependent fashion. This response was more marked in phosphate loaded fish. In control as well as phosphate loaded eels the hyperphosphatemic response to D₃ was associated with a sharp reduction in renal phosphate clearance relative to¹⁴C-polyethelene glycol (PEG) clearance. Glomerular filtration and urine flow rates were not affected by D₃. As renal phosphate clearance, even in phosphate loaded eels, never significantly exceeded that of PEG, it is suggested that D₃ reduced the relative clearance rate of phosphate by increasing renal phosphate reabsorption rather than by reducing the tubular secretion of phosphate.  相似文献   

Competitive exclusion of Yersinia enterocolitica biotype 4, serotype O:3 by Yersinia enterocolitica biotype 1A,serotype O:6,30 in tissue culture and in pigs     

HM Hussein  SG Fenwick  JS Lumsden 《New Zealand veterinary journal》2013,61(5):227-231

AIMS: To study the adhesion properties of a biotype 4, serotype O:3 (human pathogenic) strain of Yersinia enterocolitica and to determine if adhesion in vitro and colonisation in vivo can be prevented by competition with a biotype 1A, serotype O:6,30 (non-pathogenic) strain. To study interaction between Y. enterocolitica biotype 4, serotype O:3 and cultured epithelial cells using the synthetic tripeptide arginine-glycine-aspartic acid (RGD).

METHODS: The human intestinal epithelial (HEp-2) cell line was used for in vitro studies. Inocula of Y. enterocolitica biotype 4, serotype O:3 radiolabelled using tritium were incubated with HEp-2 cells and RGD tripeptide, or with Y. enterocolitica biotype 1A, serotype O:6,30 sequentially or concurrently, then washed and lysed, and radioactivity measured to determine the effect of RGD on adhesion, and competitive exclusion of pathogenic by non-pathogenic bacteria. For in vivo studies, two groups of 5-week-old piglets (n=5/group) were sequentially inoculated orally with 5x10⁹ colony forming units (cfu) of either a non-pathogenic biotype 1A, serotype O:6,30 strain of Y. enterocolitica followed by a pathogenic biotype 4, serotype O:3 strain, or vice versa. Pigs were monitored for carriage of strains using bacterial culture and a multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR).

RESULTS: The RGD tripeptide significantly inhibited adherence of the pathogenic Y. enterocolitica strain to cultured epithelial cells, suggesting that adhesion involved the RGD tripeptide sequence. The non-pathogenic biotype 1A, serotype O:6,30 strain of Y. enterocolitica prevented adhesion of the pathogenic strain to cells in vitro when allowed to adhere first. Pathogenic Y. enterocolitica was consistently isolated from rectal swabs from 80-100% of pigs on all sampling occasions but not from oral swabs after 14 days in pigs first inoculated with the non- pathogenic strain or at 26 days in pigs first inoculated with the pathogenic strain.

CONCLUSIONS: A non-pathogenic strain of Y. enterocolitica reduced adhesion of a human pathogenic strain in vitro but not in vivo.  相似文献   

Genetic structure and gene flow in Beta vulgaris subspecies maritima along the Atlantic coast of France     

Christopher M. Richards  Patrick A. Reeves  Ann L. Fenwick  Lee Panella 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2014,61(3):651-662

Locating and quantifying genetic variation within crop wild relatives is an ongoing activity of gene banks tasked with ex situ conservation. Without detailed information about the population genetics of a species, geography often serves as a reasonable proxy for differentiation. With this in mind, this paper examines the genetic diversity and differentiation of Beta vulgaris subsp. maritima accessions collected along a well-studied latitudinal gradient along the French Atlantic coast of France as well as Corsica, for use as representative genotypes from the Mediterranean basin. The aim of this work is to identify the scale and magnitude of differentiation and diversity in this set of accessions, using both molecular and quantitative traits. We assessed clinal variation and admixture in genetic and morphometric data along this latitudinal gradient. Results from this study revealed a complex pattern of recent gene flow and immigration on a historical biogeographic structure. Our data suggest that a presumed latitudinal cline is in reality an admixed mosaic of genotypes.  相似文献   

Identification of parents suitable for molecular mapping of immunity and resistance genes in solanum species     

Carol A. Ishimaru  Nora L. V. Lapitan  Anne VanBuren  Ann Fenwick  Kristin Pedas 《American Journal of Potato Research》1994,71(8):517-533

A survey of DNA polymorphisms and bacterial ring rot reactions inSolanum species was conducted to identify parents that when crossed would produce an F₁ mapping population useful for identifying DNA markers tightly linked to genes for immunity or resistance to bacterial ring rot.Solanum tuberosum, S. acaule, diploidSolanum species, doubled monoploid lines ofS. phureja, and somatic fusion hybrids betweenS. tuberosum andS. brevidens were established in tissue culture from single true potato seeds or tubers and evaluated for bacterial ring rot reactions in greenhouse studies with root-inoculated tissue cultured plantlets. Establishment of tissue culture stocks insured the availability of homogeneous genetic material for use in bacterial ring rot assays and genetic analyses. Presence ofClavibacter michiganense subsp.sepedonicum was assessed in stems by an immunofluorescence antibody assay (IFAS). Two accessions were found to be immune to bacterial ring rot. DNA polymorphisms were detected within and among 24 accessions evaluated with 24 RFLP markers and 10 arbitrary oligonucleotide primers (RAPDs). These results identify parents suitable for future mapping of gene (s) for immunity or resistance to bacterial ring rot.  相似文献   

Investigation of some pathophysiological effects of prolonged hypocalcaemia in sheep induced by infusing Na2EDTA solution for 4 hours daily on three consecutive days.     

D C Fenwick  R C Daniel 《The British veterinary journal》1992,148(4):301-313

Hypocalcaemia was induced in a group of five aged Merino ewes (with low erythrocyte potassium status) by the intravenous infusion of 4.7% Na2EDTA solution for 4 h daily on 3 consecutive days. A similar control group was infused with 5.0% dextrose solution (10 ml/h) for the same period. Blood samples were taken immediately before infusion each day, hourly for 7 h, then at 08:00 each morning for a further 5 d. Studies were made on the changes in plasma (P) Ca, PNa, PK, PMg, PProtein (PProt), P inorganic phosphorus (PiP), erythrocyte (E) Na, EK, EMg, PCVs, and mean corpuscular cell volumes (MCV). Significant decreases occurred in PiP concentrations but these were only temporary, which suggests that PiP is unlikely to be involved in the complications of prolonged hypocalcaemia. Significant prolonged decreases in PNa, PK and EK and significant prolonged increases in PCVs suggested that fluid replacement therapy supplemented with Na and K may be worthy of further study in the treatment of ruminants affected by apparent biochemical or physiological complications to prolonged hypocalcaemia.  相似文献