Salmonella Brandenburg in non-pregnant 8-month-old sheep     

R.G. Clark  S. Swanney  M.C. Hogan  R.M. Marchant  S.G. Fenwick 《New Zealand veterinary journal》2013,61(6)

Abstract

Extract

S. Brandenburg has been reported as a cause of abortion and often subsequent death of ewes from areas of the South Island of New Zealand (Bailey, 1998 Bailey, K.M. 1997. Sheep abortions associated with Salmonella Brandenburg. Surveillance, 24(4): 10–11.  [Google Scholar] and Clark et. al., 1999 Clark, G, Fenwick, S, Boxall, N, Swanney, S and Nicol, C. 1999. “Salmonella Brandenburg abortions in sheep, pathogenesis and pathology”. In Proceedings of the 29^pth Seminar of the Society of Sheep and Beef Cattle Veterinarians NZVA 13–22. Palmerston North, , New Zealand: Veterinary Continuing Education, Massey University,.  [Google Scholar]). This bacterium has also been isolated from a bitch with metritis, a dog with diarrhoea, cattle with diarrhoea and black-backed gulls (Laurus dominicanus) (Clark et. al., 1999 Clark, G, Fenwick, S, Boxall, N, Swanney, S and Nicol, C. 1999. “Salmonella Brandenburg abortions in sheep, pathogenesis and pathology”. In Proceedings of the 29^pth Seminar of the Society of Sheep and Beef Cattle Veterinarians NZVA 13–22. Palmerston North, , New Zealand: Veterinary Continuing Education, Massey University,.  [Google Scholar]). It has also been isolated from pigs, goats, a takahe (Notornis mantelli) and a deer (Bailey, 1998 Bailey, K.M. 1997. Sheep abortions associated with Salmonella Brandenburg. Surveillance, 24(4): 10–11.  [Google Scholar]). Until recently S. Brandenburg was thought only to affect sheep in the later stages of pregnancy.  相似文献   

Prevalence of Bordetella bronchiseptica in cats attended by a veterinary practice in the Manawatu region     

J.M. Molyneux  W.G. Guilford  J.E.B. Hunter  M. Gwozdz  S.G. Fenwick  B.R. Jones 《New Zealand veterinary journal》2013,61(3):82-84

dAims:To determine the prevalence by isolation of Bordetella bronchiseptica infection in healthy cats and in cats showing signs of upper respiratory tract (URT) disease attended by a veterinary practice in the Manawatu region.

dMethods: The nasal cavity and oropharynx of 100 cats of mixed sex and age were swabbed and the swabs cultured for B. bronchiseptica. The population of cats surveyed was that attended by the Massey University Veterinary Teaching Hospital, and included healthy cats, cats with clinical signs of URT disease, cats with a recent history of URT disease, cats from single cat households, cats from multiple-cat households, and cats from a colony.

dResults: Bordetella bronchiseptica was recovered from 7 cats (5 from pharyngeal samples and 2 from nasal samples). Five of the 7 cats appeared to be healthy at the time of sampling, whilst 2 showed clinical signs of URT disease. Six of the 7 culture-positive cats were from a cat colony.The prevalence of B. bronchiseptica in healthy cats sampled was 7% and in cats with URT disease was 8%.

dConclusion: This study confirms that B. bronchiseptica infection is present, but the prevalence of infection is low, in both healthy cats and in cats with URT disease attended by the Massey University Veterinary Teaching Hospital. It is unlikely that B. bronchiseptica infection is a frequent cause of feline URT disease of cats in this region.  相似文献   

Detection and pharmacokinetics of salmeterol in thoroughbred horses following inhaled administration          下载免费PDF全文

S. J. Fenwick  P. R. Hincks  J. P. Scarth  M. E. Wieder  L. L. Hillyer  S. W. Paine 《Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics》2017,40(5):486-492

Salmeterol is a man‐made beta‐2‐adrenergic receptor agonist used to relieve bronchospasm associated with inflammatory airway disease in horses. Whilst judicious use is appropriate in horses in training, they cannot race with clinically effective concentrations of medications under the British Horseracing Authority's Rules of Racing. Salmeterol must therefore be withdrawn prior to race day and pharmacokinetic (PK) studies used to establish formal detection time advice. Salmeterol xinafoate (Serevent Evohaler^®) was administered (0.1 mg twice daily for 4.5 days) via inhalation to six horses. Urine and blood samples were taken up to 103 h postadministration. Hydrolysed samples were extracted using solid phase extraction. A sensitive Ultra high performance tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC‐MS/MS) method was developed, with a Lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) for salmeterol of 10 pg/mL in both matrices. The majority of salmeterol plasma concentrations, postlast administration, were below the method LLOQ and so unusable for PK analysis. Urine PK analysis suggested a half‐life consistent with duration of pharmacological effect. Average estimated urine concentration at steady‐state was obtained via PK modelling and used to estimate a urine concentration of 59 ± 34 pg/mL as a marker of effective lung concentration. From this, potential detection times were calculated using a range of safety factors.  相似文献   

Blood pathophysiological changes in sheep following a prolonged (18-hour) period of hypocalcaemia induced by Na2EDTA solution.     

D C Fenwick  R C Daniel 《The British veterinary journal》1992,148(5):425-434

Six aged Merino ewes were used in an experiment in which five were infused with 4.7% Na2EDTA solution intravenously for 18 h at a rate designed to produce hypocalcaemia and maintain recumbency, and five with 0.9% sodium chloride solution at the same rate for the same period (four were infused at different times with both solutions). Blood samples were collected every 3 h and determinations made of plasma Ca, Na, K, Mg, and inorganic P (PiP), erythrocyte Na, K and Mg, and PCV. Three of the hypocalcaemic sheep took 36-64 h to regain their feet. Plasma Ca and K, and erythrocyte Na showed significant (all P less than 0.01) decreases in the group infused with Na2EDTA compared with the group infused with saline while PCVs were significantly (P less than 0.01) greater in the former group. The sheep model used could be suitable for the study of the effects of prolonged hypocalcaemia and recumbency in cows.  相似文献   

Isolation and biological characterization of two lipopolysaccharides and a capsular-enriched polysaccharide preparation from Haemophilus pleuropneumoniae   总被引：20，自引：0，他引：20  

B W Fenwick  B I Osburn  H J Olander 《American journal of veterinary research》1986,47(7):1433-1441

A smooth-type lipopolysaccharide (HpS-LPS), a rough-type lipopolysaccharide (HpR-LPS), and a capsular-enriched polysaccharide preparation (HpC-PS) were extracted and purified from Haemophilus pleuropneumoniae serotype 5, strain J45, by the use of phenol-water (HpS-LPS) and phenol-chloroform-petroleum-ether (HpR-LPS) techniques. Chemical analysis of the HpS-LPS and HpR-LPS indicated that they contained 0.7% and 4.4% (w/w) 2-keto-3-deoxyoctonate, 11.8% and 10.4% phosphate, 0.8% and 0.8% nucleic acid, and 0.8% and 1.1% protein, respectively. The HpC-PS contained 0.3% 2-keto-3-deoxyoctonate, 1.4% phosphate, 0.2% nucleic acid, and 0.8% protein. With sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis, the HpS-LPS banded as a smooth-type LPS and the HpR-LPS banded as a rough-type LPS. Electrophoresis of HpC-PS indicated the presence of a broad high molecular weight band. Gelation of Limulus amoebocyte lysate developed at a minimum concentration of 8 ng/ml of HpS-LPS, 0.3 ng/ml of HpR-LPS, and 35 ng/ml of HpC-PS. The lipopolysaccharide preparations provoked a positive dermal Shwartzman reaction in rabbits and swine, a biphasic febrile response in rabbits, and a monophasic response in swine. Responses were typical of endotoxic activity with swine having greater sensitivity than rabbits. The chick embryo 50% lethal dose was calculated to be 7.3 ng for HpS-LPS, 1.6 ng for HpR-LPS, 5.1 ng for the lipopolysaccharide of Escherichia coli 0111:B4; and the HpC-PS was not toxic. In all assays, HpR-LPS was significantly more toxic than was HpS-LPS. The HpC-PS preparation was not toxic, even at high concentrations.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)  相似文献   

Rapeseed induced liver haemorrhage, reticulolysis and biochemical changes in laying hens: the effects of feeding high and low glucosinolate meals     

M F Martland  E J Butler  G R Fenwick 《Research in veterinary science》1984,36(3):298-309

Rapeseed meal hepatosis was produced by feeding high and low glucosinolate meals as a source of protein (about 200 g kg-1 diet) but could not be distinguished histologically from fatty liver-haemorrhagic syndrome which occurred in birds on the control diet. Both types of meal increased haemorrhage, reticulolysis and lymphoproliferation in the liver, reduced the packed cell volume and caused thyroid enlargement. Haemorrhages emanated from ruptured intrahepatic portal veins, capillaries and sinusoids and were associated with degenerative changes in vessel walls. Haemorrhage and reticulin scores were correlated. Parenchymal necrosis occurred only around large haematomas and caused increased aspartate transaminase activity in the plasma. Both meals also caused hyperglycaemia and reduced the plasma triglyceride content. Only the high glucosinolate meal decreased egg production, caused liver enlargement and reduced the plasma urate level. The addition of myrosinase enhanced its effects on egg production and packed cell volume but did not increase its hepatotoxicity.  相似文献   

Potential metabolites of phenolic disinfectants: Preparation and odour properties of some anisoles     

Malcolm G. Gee  Nerys M. Griffiths  Roger G. Fenwick 《Pest management science》1974,5(6):703-708

As some chlorophenols present in wood shavings have been shown to be microbiologically methylated to form anisoles, which have caused taint in broiler chickens, the anisoles from a number of phenols used in formulations of broiler house disinfectants were prepared. The sensory properties of these compounds were investigated in order to determine their potential for producing taint. None of these anisoles were found to be likely to cause taint if formed within the broiler house.  相似文献   

Infectious Bovine Keratoconjunctivitis: A Review   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

Michael H. Brown  AIan H. Brightman  Bradley W. Fenwick  Maureen A. Rider 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》1998,12(4):259-266

The economic impact of infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis (IBK) warrants continued investigation of the mechanisms by which Moraxella bovis survives on and colonizes the corneal surface. Virulent strains of M bovis produce hemolysin and exhibit different plasmid profiles than nonvirulent strains. Interactions among host, environment, vector, season, and concurrent infection influence the prevalence of IBK. Mycoplasma sp. or infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus may enhance or hasten the disease process. The manifestations of IBK may range from mild conjunctivitis to severe ulceration, corneal perforation, and blindness. Treatment of IBK is dictated by economic considerations, intended animal use, and feasibility of administration. Antibiotic therapy is aimed at achieving drug concentrations in tears to meet or exceed the minimum inhibitory concentration for prolonged periods. At present, IBK is not a preventable disease. Affected animals must be separated from the herd and vector control vigorously instituted. Carrier animals must be identified and removed from the herd. Vaccination trials have been unsuccessful because of pili antigen crossreactivity, variable strains, and uncontrolled environmental factors. Recent investigations have determined that M bovis may utilize host iron sources via iron-repressible outer membrane proteins and siderophores for growth. Elucidation of normal defense mechanisms of the bovine eye may lead to new strategies to enhance the immune response against M bovis.  相似文献   

Hyperlipaemia in a donkey     

JM TARRANT  TM CAMPBELL  BW PARRY 《Australian veterinary journal》1998,76(7):466-469

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PARTURIENT PARESIS OF COWS: BLOOD GLUCOSE LEVELS     

D. Fenwick 《Australian veterinary journal》1978,54(1):4-6

During 1967, 1968 and 1969, blood samples were taken from 83 cows affected by parturient paresis. Whole blood glucose estimations were made on these samples. The range was 1.33 to 10.22 mmol/1 with an average of 3.94 mmol/1. Eighteen cows known to have been affected less than 4 hours had average levels of 3.06 +/- 1.11 mmol/1. All (except one) "previously untreated" cows with levels less than 3.33 mmol/1 were on their feet within 10 minutes whereas cows with higher levels than this had a 28.6% delayed recovery rate. The evidence suggests that low levels have no clinical significance but that higher levels are significant in that they occur as a result of prolongation of attacks of parturient paresis.  相似文献