Establishment of Cynodon dactylon from stolon and rhizome fragments     

O N Fernandez 《Weed Research》2003,43(2):130-138

Summary A field survey and two field experiments were carried out to compare the performance of rhizomes and stolons of Cynodon dactylon , in terms of their sprouting efficiency and the dynamics and growth characteristics of the established ramets. The survey examined the relationships between morphological characteristics of above- and below-ground structures of ramets naturally established from both types of fragments in a crop field. The first experiment compared the emergence and early growth of ramets from standardized stolon and rhizome fragments, grown under uniform field conditions without competition. It also comparatively analysed the predictive value of the maximum stolon length on dry matter partitioning. The second experiment investigated fragment type × size interactions on the establishment, dry matter accumulation and partitioning in stolon- and rhizome-originated ramets. Results showed that under normal cropping conditions, more ramets can be originated from rhizome than from equivalent stolon fragments. Higher sprouting efficiency and dry matter partitioning to aerial structures, and a higher size dependence of the effective ramet recruitment were observed for stolon than for rhizome fragments. The observed differences between fragment type are dicussed in relation to their implications for predictions of weed emergence, and the efficacy of control strategies used under different cropping tillage systems.  相似文献   

Resident forum abstracts
EVALUATION OF THROMBOELASTOGRAPHY (TEG) IN NORMAL CATS     

AJ Alwood  AB Downend  KA Slensky  JA Fox  SA Simpson  SM Donahue  LS Waddell  CM Otto 《Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care》2004,14(Z1):S1-S17

Objective: To establish normal parameters of thromboelastography (TEG) in healthy adult cats. Background: Thromboelastography (TEG) is an in vitro test of coagulation that has been shown to be useful in humans, dogs and select species to identify and quantify alterations of hemostasis (e.g., hypercoagulable and hypocoagulable states). It has also been demonstrated to be useful in monitoring effects of anticoagulant therapies. This test has not been evaluated in cats. Methods: Blood was collected from 25 clinically normal cats by venipuncture using a 21 gauge×3 1/2 inch butterfly catheter and syringe for medial saphenous or jugular venipuncture. A single 1.8 mL sample in 3.8% Sodium Citrate (9:1) was collected from each cat. Recalcified whole blood was analyzed 30 minutes following collection with the TEG® 5000 analyzer (Haemoscope, Niles, IL). Analysis temperature was 37.6°C. TEG parameters recorded included: R‐value (represents initial fibrin formation), K (time from R to standard fixed measure of clot firmness which represents contributions of platelets and fibrinogen), maximum amplitude (MA; represents absolute clot strength), and alpha angle (α; the slope of TEG tracing which represents rate of clot formation). The coagulation index (CI) was derived from the formula generated for humans to provide an overall assessment of whether the sample was hyper‐ or hypocoagulable. Results: Values for the 25 normal cat samples are reported as mean ±2 standard deviations. R=2.97; 1.23–4.72; K=1.54, 0.38–2.71; α=70.70, 57.76–83.65; MA=58.50, 45.26–71.74 and CI=2.27, 0.07–4.46. Compared to historical information obtained on normal dogs, cats have significantly shorter R and K and larger α, MA and CI. Conclusions: TEG does have reproducible performance when used to evaluate coagulation status in normal cats. Compared to dogs, normal cats favor a hypercoagulable state. Species‐specific normal values are necessary for interpretation of TEG results. This test bears potential value for use in future experimental and clinical work to investigate hemostasis in cats receiving anticoagulant therapies or in cats suffering from diseases such as cardiomyopathy which are thought to be associated with altered coagulation status.  相似文献   

Dynamics of Follicular Fluid in One‐humped Camel (Camelus dromedarius)     

SA Bukhari  N Ahmad  N Akhtar  A Ijaz  MS Yousaf  IU Haq 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2008,43(6):664-671

In the present study, ovarian follicular fluid and serum biochemical, hormonal, electrolytes and amino acids profiles in female dromedary camel (Camelus dromedarius), were investigated. Fluid from small (2–6 mm) and large follicles (7–20 mm) and blood samples were collected from 25 clinically healthy adult female camels. The concentrations of glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, high‐density lipoproteins, urea, total proteins, albumin, globulin, fibrinogen, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase and tri‐iodothyronine were lower (p ≤ 0.05) in large follicles when compared with the small follicles. However, the concentrations of low‐density lipoproteins, uric acid, creatinine, alkaline phosphatase and acid phosphatase in small and large follicles did not differ. The concentrations of oestradiol 17‐β and progesterone were higher (p ≤ 0.05) in large follicles. The serum concentrations of these hormones were many folds lower (p ≤ 0.05) than those of follicular fluid. Among electrolytes, the concentration of phosphorus was higher (p ≤ 0.05) in the large follicles, while that of potassium and chloride were lower (p ≤ 0.05) in the small follicles. Serum concentrations of sodium, chloride, calcium and phosphorous were higher (p ≤ 0.05), while that of potassium lower (p ≤ 0.05) than corresponding concentrations in the follicular fluid. The concentrations of leucine and arginine were higher (p ≤ 0.05) in follicular fluid when compared with serum concentrations, while the reverse was true for other amino acids. In conclusion, this study is indicative of either low or high concentrations of certain biochemical metabolites, hormones, electrolytes and amino acids in small and large follicles for the individual roles that they play in the growth and development of follicles in the one‐humped she‐camel.  相似文献   

Use of ultrasonography to detect pulmonary lesions in Thoroughbred foals in Argentina     

J. Cortez  J. J. Aguilar  M. Lagioia  R. Fernandez  L. Losinno 《Equine Veterinary Education》2008,20(3):154-158

Rhodococcus equi is an important cause of pulmonary disease in foals often related to economic losses and death. A study was performed on a Thoroughbred farm (Buenos Aires Province, Argentina) where this disease was enzootic causing 1–2% of foal deaths every year. One hundred foals were monitored by thoracic ultrasonography at ages 1–5 months to detect pulmonary lesions in order to initiate an early treatment. This strategy allowed reducing the number of foal deaths almost totally. In our experience, thoracic ultrasonography was proved to be very efficient in detection of early cases of pneumonia on a farm with high density of horses and intensive management.  相似文献   

基于构件特征的内蒙古典型草原植物羊草个体地上生物量估算   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

胡静  侯向阳  萨茹拉  郭丰辉  丁勇 《草业学报》2015,24(8):211-217

生物量是评价草原生态系统生产力的重要指标,草原主要植物个体地上生物量估算模型的建立,可为采用非刈割方法获取较准确的草原地面数据资料提供新方法。通过分析内蒙古典型草原植物羊草的主要构件特征(叶片数、叶长宽积、茎粗、茎高和株高)与其个体地上生物量之间的关系,比较并筛选出能较好预测羊草个体生物量变化的构件指标,采用Minitab软件的回归分析方法,分别利用6月、7月和8月采集的90株和总体270株羊草植物样本,建立羊草不同生长阶段(生长初期、生长旺盛期和生长末期)以及总体样本的个体地上生物量估算方程,并对实测值与模拟值进行t检验分析。结果表明,叶长宽积和株高相对于其他构件信息能够更好地描述羊草个体地上生物量,方程Y=-0.193+0.009X₂+0.011X₅(X₂为叶长宽积,X₅为株高,P<0.01,R²=0.854)为最优羊草个体生物量估算模型。  相似文献   

燕麦对碱胁迫的阳离子响应机制   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

萨如拉  刘景辉  刘伟  白健慧  王占海 《作物学报》2014,40(2):362-368

以耐碱性燕麦品种Vao-9和碱敏感性品种白燕5号为试验材料,采用盆栽法,用25、50、75、100 mmol L^-1碱浓度(Na₂CO₃和NaHCO₃按摩尔比1∶1混合)进行短期(14 d)和长期(28 d)胁迫处理,观测两品种根、茎、叶中Na⁺、K⁺、Ca²⁺、Mg²⁺吸收及分配特点,并从离子平衡吸收与分配角度,探讨燕麦对碱胁迫的生理适应机制。胁迫处理14 d后,燕麦体内Na⁺增加,K⁺下降,Ca²⁺和Mg²⁺变化不大,且两品种间各器官中4种离子的分配比例差异不显著。胁迫处理28 d后,两品种各器官中Na⁺增幅较大,K⁺、Ca²⁺和Mg²⁺降幅较大。Vao-9植株体内Na⁺、Ca²⁺含量大于白燕5号,但K⁺、Mg²⁺含量与白燕5号无显著差异,但两品种间各器官中4种离子的分配特点不同;当胁迫浓度达到100 mmol L^-1时,与白燕5号相比,Vao-9叶片中少分配5.9个百分点Na⁺,多分配13.5个百分点K⁺、28.9Ca²⁺、10.9Mg²⁺,茎中多分配5.4个百分点Na⁺,少分配9.8个百分点K⁺,根中少分配28.9个百分点Ca²⁺、10.9Mg²⁺,因而Vao-9叶片中Na⁺ /K⁺、Na⁺ /Ca²⁺、Na⁺ /Mg²⁺值较白燕5号低。可见,燕麦通过提高阳离子选择吸收及器官分配能力以适应碱胁迫。  相似文献   

Core Collections of Potato (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Solanum</Emphasis>) Species Native to the USA     

John Bamberg  Alfonso del Rio  David Kinder  Lisbeth Louderback  Bruce Pavlik  Charles Fernandez 《American Journal of Potato Research》2016,93(6):564-571

  相似文献   

有机无机肥配施对科尔沁沙地衬膜稻田沙土理化特性的影响     

宋桂云  王云  范富  张庆国  侯迷红  孙德智  萨如拉 《干旱地区农业研究》2018,36(2):44-48

有机无机肥配施对培肥地力,提高土壤有机质含量有重要作用。研究有机无机肥配施对沙地衬膜稻田沙土理化性质的影响,旨在为科尔沁沙地衬膜水稻合理施肥提供科学依据。本试验样品采自未开垦沙地(衬膜前沙土)和采用有机无机肥配施1年(A1)、5年(A2)、10年(A3)衬膜稻田的沙土,研究沙地衬膜稻田沙土的物理性质(容重、孔隙度及机械组成)和沙土的化学性质(全量、速效养分及阳离子交换量等)的变化。结果表明:与CK相比,A1、A2和A3处理沙土容重下降了0.63%~3.80%,孔隙度上升了2.15%~7.89%;沙粒(2~0.02 mm)含量下降了1.33%~7.72%,粉粒(0.02~0.002 mm)和粘粒(0.002 mm)含量分别上升了4.44%~21.53%和0.28~1.76倍,其中沙土孔隙度、粉粒和粘粒含量各处理间差异达到了极显著水平(P0.01),沙粒各处理间差异达显著水平(P0.05)。A1、A2和A3处理沙土全氮、全磷和全钾的含量分别比CK处理增加了85.42%、12.00%和27.91%,除CK处理外,各处理间这三项指标之间的差异达到极显著水平(P0.01)。衬膜稻田沙土有机质、铵态氮、硝态氮、速效磷、速效钾和沙土阳离子交换量分别比CK处理增加了0.12~4.06 g·kg~(-1),0.74~3.21 mg·kg~(-1)、0.25~9.21 mg·kg~(-1)、0.11~1.10 mg·kg~(-1)、2.49~16.30 mg·kg~(-1)和0.22~6.31 cmol(+)·kg~(-1),其中有机质和速效磷各处理之间的差异达到极显著水平(P0.01)。有机无机肥配施使衬膜稻田沙土有机质、速效养分和全量养分的含量显著增加,CEC含量提高,沙土容重下降,孔隙度上升,土壤颗粒细化(粘化),有机无机肥配施是改良沙土理化性状,提高科尔沁沙地衬膜稻田沙土肥力的有效途径。  相似文献   

不同改良措施对碱化土壤特性及玉米生长的影响     

萨如拉  杨恒山  邰继承  李媛媛  于宗波 《玉米科学》2021,29(6):97-104

2018年在西辽河平原灌区碱化土壤实施玉米秸秆还田基础上配施中农绿康腐熟剂和人元秸秆腐熟剂、混沙和混糠醛渣试验,测定春玉米产量、玉米根系特性及土壤速效养分和酶活性,研究不同改良措施对碱化土壤特性及玉米生长的影响。结果表明,与盐碱地常规掺混沙子处理比较,在玉米秸秆还田基础上,配施中农绿康和人元秸秆腐熟剂处理均能显著提高玉米根干重,增加37.41%和31.94%,增强根系SOD和POD活性,降低根系MDA含量,增加硝态氮含量118.42%和93.60%;配施中农绿康秸秆腐熟剂和掺混糠醛渣显著增加吐丝期土壤碱解氮含量,分别增加21.32%和39.18%;配施人元秸秆腐熟剂显著增加完熟期土壤速效磷含量,增加121.89%;配施中农绿康秸秆腐熟剂增加完熟期土壤铵态氮171.28%;配施中农绿康秸秆腐熟剂显著提高土壤纤维素酶活性;配施中农绿康秸秆腐熟剂显著增加玉米产量17.65%。因此,碱化土壤玉米秸秆还田配施中农绿康秸秆腐熟剂效果较好。  相似文献   

Soil and sediment phosphorus fractions in a forested watershed at Acadia National Park,ME, USA   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Michael D. SanClements  Ivan J. Fernandez  Stephen A. Norton 《Forest Ecology and Management》2009

Phosphorus (P) is often the critical limiting nutrient controlling the productivity of natural waters. Understanding the linkages between terrestrial and aquatic P dynamics is essential to defining the mechanisms governing P availability in the ecosystem. We used P fractionation techniques to investigate landscape patterns of P distribution in soils, and associated stream and lake sediments, in a forested watershed at Acadia National Park, ME, USA. Specifically, we investigated the chemical and spatial distribution of P in primary and secondary mineral phases along a topographic and bathymetric transect based on distance from the stream for soils and lake sediments. The dominant P fraction was associated with aluminum (Al) hydroxides, a fraction that also included some iron (Fe) hydroxides and organic P. The Al–P fraction accounted for 62% and 66% of total P in all soil and lake samples, respectively. These results suggest that secondary Al, and to a lesser extent Fe, dominate P dynamics in these soils and lakes. Stream sediments appear to originate from deeper, less weathered portions of the soil with lower accumulations of secondary Al and Fe. As a result, stream sediments have little capacity for adsorbing P, relative to soil or lake sediments. Phosphorus fractionation results also suggested that both exposed and occluded primary apatite-P still persists in these soils, stream sediments, and lake sediments. Extractable apatite-P concentrations increased progressively with decreasing distance from the stream in the watershed and with increasing distance from the stream and depth in the lake. These trends were attributed to spatial patterns in the intensity of pedogenesis in the watershed and the influence of winnowing and sedimentation on lake sediment composition.  相似文献