Special issue “Deepen knowledge in plant pathology for innovative agroecology”     

Diana Fernandez  Monica Höfte  Ralph Hückelhoven  Philippe Reignault  Ivan Sache  Ali Siah 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2018,150(4):853-868

This study aimed to determine the genetic variability of isolates of rotting of pineapple fruitlet core in Brazil on the states of Paraiba, Pernambuco and Rio Grande do Norte, based on phylogenetic analysis of the RPB2 gene, morphocultural markers and aggressiveness of the isolates. The phylogenetic reconstruction of maximum parsimony and bayesian inference of the isolates were performed. Twenty-seven phylogenetic lineages were characterized with morphocultural markers on potato dextrose agar and synthetic nutrient-poor agar. The aggressiveness of these lineages were characterized in leaves and fruits of pineapple ‘Pérola’ cultivar. The Phylogenetic reconstruction showed close relationship between isolates of this study and phylogenetic lineages of F. guttiforme, F. ananatum and F. oxysporum by analysis of RPB2 gene. Phylogenetic lineages of this study shared significant morphocultural markers similar to those described for this species. Overall, the lineages related with Fusarium oxysporum Species Complex were more aggressive to the fruits of the Fusarium lineages related with Fusarium fujikuroi Species Complex. It is possible that F. ananatum and F. guttiforme or other lineages closely related to these species or F. oxysporum are present in the fields causing pineapple rotting fruitlet core in fruits of pineapple ‘Pérola’ in Brazil. The used markers determined high genetic variability in isolates analyzed in leaves and pineapple fruit ‘Pérola’ in the states of Paraíba, Pernambuco and Rio Grande do Norte of Brazil and the pathogenic lineages analyzed were better adapted to the fruits than to the detached leaves in pineapple ‘Pérola’ analyzed.  相似文献   

短期玉米秸秆还田对冷凉地区土壤真菌多样性的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

萨如拉  杨恒山  高聚林  张丽娟  张玉芹  范秀艳  李纯燕 《干旱地区农业研究》2018,36(3):120-124

在玉米吐丝期,利用传统涂布平板法和高通量测序技术,设置常规秸秆不还田(CK)、秸秆深翻还田(SF)和秸秆旋耕还田(XG)3个处理,研究0~10 cm、10~20 cm和20~30 cm土层真菌群落丰富度、多样性和群落结构变化,揭示冷凉地区玉米秸秆还田真菌群落结构及其差异。结果表明:冷凉地区玉米秸秆还田对土壤真菌多样性的影响较大,秸秆还田土壤中可培养真菌数为SFXGCK;秸秆还田后土壤真菌优势菌群发生变化,CK优势菌为马拉色氏霉菌属、被孢霉属和葡萄孢属,XG优势菌为被孢霉属;XG和SF表层土壤中耐冷酵母菌属和被孢霉属是优势菌;SF处理20~30 cm土层优势菌为葡萄孢属。真菌菌群Alpha多样性、群落组成丰度、RDA(Redundancy analysis)和菌群相似性综合分析可知,SF和XG 0~20 cm土层菌群差异小;SF和XG均能增加10~30 cm土层真菌群落丰度。  相似文献   

Differential tissue accumulation of arsenic and heavy metals from diets in three edible fish species     

N.F. Schenone  L. Vackova  A. Fernandez Cirelli 《Aquaculture Nutrition》2014,20(4):364-371

Three different commercial fish species Odontesthes bonariensis, Rhamdia quelen and Oreochromis niloticus and fish feed were collected from four aquaculture farms. Heavy metal (Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Pb and Zn) and arsenic concentration were determined by inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectrometry (ICP‐OES) in muscle, liver, gonad, skin, scale and fat from fish and in feed diets. Arsenic concentration was found in different tissues differing between species and within O. bonariensis. Cd was differentially accumulated in liver in O. bonariensis and R. quelen; however, in O. niloticus Cd was found in muscle and scales. Higher concentrations of Cr were determined in skin and scales of O. bonariensis and O. niloticus. Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn were found in all tissues being Cu and Fe concentrations higher in liver. Mn was differentially accumulated in O. bonariensis scales, however in R. quelen no significant differences were found and in O. niloticus liver was the main accumulation tissue. Zn concentration was higher in gonad, skin and liver from R. quelen and O. bonariensis, and in O. niloticus the highest concentration was found in scales. All the results were below the international limits for food safety except for the concentration of Cd in muscle and scales of O. niloticus.  相似文献   

Amorphous Aluminum Hydroxide Control on Sulfate and Phosphate in Sediment-Solution Systems     

Tomas Navratil  Jan Rohovec  Aria Amirbahman  Stephen A. Norton  Ivan J. Fernandez 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2009,201(1-4):87-98

We experimentally determined the adsorption characteristics of natural, freshly precipitated Al(OH)₃ for SO₄ and PO₄. The fresh Al precipitate occurred in stream sediment of Jachymov Stream (Czech Republic). The Al-rich sediment strongly adsorbed added PO₄ prior to acidification experiment; this sorbed PO₄ was released only after substantial dissolution of the sediment, at pH?<?3.67. Sorption of P by Al(OH)₃ appears to be an important control on dissolved PO₄ concentration in surface waters, unless there is a large excess of PO₄. Acidification of the sediment-solution system caused protonation of the sediment surface, thereby increasing the adsorption capacity for SO₄. Maximum SO₄ adsorption occurred at pH 4.2, below which dissolution of the sediment offset the increasing anion adsorption capacity, and formation of AISO₄ ⁺ inhibited the increasing SO₄ adsorption capacity. This research demonstrates that there are important pH thresholds for anion adsorption in freshwaters below which dissolution of the Al(OH)₃ substrate reduces total capacity for anion adsorption. In freshwaters, with sufficient concentrations of suspended Al(OH)₃, or in Al(OH)₃-rich sediment, PO₄ mobility will be severely restricted. Suspended Al(OH)₃ in acidified surface waters cannot strongly influence SO₄ concentrations because of the considerably higher total SO₄ concentrations compared to the available surface area.  相似文献   

沙质草地、高平原草地牧草总糖与还原糖含量变化     

殷周梅  卫智军  微微  萨格萨 《中国草地学报》2009,31(2)

研究了沙质草地与高平原草地六种牧草的总糖含量与还原糖含量变化情况.结果表明:沙质草地与高平原草地供试牧草的总糖含量变化(除糙隐子草外)和还原糖含量变化不同;除羊草和寸草苔外,其余几种牧草的还原糖含量都是高平原草地高于沙质草地.  相似文献   

Are the Australian poultry industries vulnerable to large outbreaks of highly pathogenic avian influenza?   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

SA Hamilton  IJ East  J-A Toribio  MG Garner 《Australian veterinary journal》2009,87(5):165-174

Objective   To describe the structure of the Australian poultry industry and discuss the potential for highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) to spread between Australian poultry farms.
Procedure   High densities of poultry farms, frequent contacts between farms by service providers, the supply of live poultry markets (LPM) and the presence of free-range duck flocks in affected regions have been identified as risk factors for the spread of HPAI between flocks in outbreaks causing the death or destruction of over 1 million poultry overseas. Data on 1,594 commercial Australian chicken meat, chicken egg, duck and turkey farms were collected by a telephone questionnaire of farm managers to assess the risk of a HPAI outbreak in Australia.
Results and Discussion   Five regions of Australia had farm densities comparable to overseas regions that experienced widespread HPAI. Common service providers routinely contacted different classes and types of farms over wide geographic areas. However, no responding farms supplied LPM and the majority of duck farms did not produce free-range ducks.
Conclusion   Outbreaks of HPAI have the potential to cause serious impacts on the Australian poultry industry. The risk posted by LPM and free-range ducks is limited, but the movement of genetic stock and common service providers could spread infection between companies, industries or geographical regions. Biosecurity measures are therefore considered critical to limit the secondary spread of infection should an outbreak occur.  相似文献   

Analyses of the impact of changes in atmospheric deposition and climate on forest growth in European monitoring plots: A stand growth approach   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Svein Solberg  Matthias Dobbertin  Gert Jan Reinds  Holger Lange  Kjell Andreassen  Paloma Garcia Fernandez  Anders Hildingsson  Wim de Vries 《Forest Ecology and Management》2009

During the last 15 years a number of studies have shown increasing forest growth in central Europe, rather than a decline as was expected due to negative effects of air pollution. We have here used data from intensive monitoring plots spread over Europe for a five year period in order to examine the influence of environmental factors on forest growth. Evaluations focussed on the influence of nitrogen, sulphur and acid deposition, temperatures, precipitation and on a drought index calculated as deviation from the long-term mean. The study included the main tree species Norway spruce, Scots pine, common beech as well as European and sessile oak and was based on data from 363 plots. As many other factors besides nitrogen and temperature influence tree growth, expected stem volume increments were modelled using site productivity, stand age and a stand density index. Relative volume increment was then calculated as actual increment in % of expected increment. The site productivity, assumed to be given by site conditions and past environmental conditions, was either taken from expert estimates or computed from site index curves from northern, central and southern Europe. The model explained between 18% and 39% of the variance with site productivity being positively related and age negatively related to actual increment. The various models and statistical approaches were fairly consistent, and indicated a fertilizing effect of nitrogen deposition, with slightly above one percent increase in volume increment per kg of nitrogen deposition per ha and year. This was most clear for spruce and pine, and most pronounced for plots having soil C/N ratios above 25. Also, we found a positive relationship between relative increment and summer temperature, i.e. May–August mean temperature deviation from the 1961–1990 means. The cause–effect relationship here is, however, less certain. Other influences were uncertain. Possibly, sulphur and acid deposition have effects on growth, but these effects are obscured by, and outweighed by the positive effect of nitrogen deposition, because of collinearity between these variables. Drought effects were uncertain also, and one reason for this might be large uncertainties in the precipitation data: precipitation measured on some 50% of the plots correlated poorly with the precipitation data obtained from Europe-wide databases. The major finding of this study was a positive relationship between higher than normal volume increment on one hand and nitrogen deposition on the other hand.  相似文献   

Socio-Economic and Scientific Impact Created by Whitefly-Transmitted,Plant-Virus Disease Resistant Tomato Varieties in Southern India          下载免费PDF全文

John Colvin  N Nagaraju  Carlos Moreno-Leguizamon  R M Govindappa  T B Manjunatha Reddy  SA Padmaja  Neena Joshi  Peter M Hanson  Susan E Seal  V Muniyappa 《农业科学学报》2012,11(2):337-345

Research carried out to assess the impact of open-pollinated Tomato leaf curl virus (ToLCV)-resistant tomatoes and hybrids on the livelihoods of resource-poor farmers in Southern India is described and discussed. Three high-yielding ToLCV-resistant tomato varieties were developed initially using conventional breeding and screening techniques involving inoculation by ToLCV-viruliferous whitefly, Bemisia tabaci. In 2003 and 2004, respectively, these varieties were released officially by the Karnataka State Seed Committee and the Indian Ministry of Agriculture through notification in the Gazette of India. From 2003 to 2005, eleven seed companies bought breeder seed of the ToLCV-resistant varieties and used them to begin breeding F₁ hybrids from them. Socio-economic studies carried out to assess the benefits obtained from growing the ToLCV-resistant varieties found that farmers could gain up to 10 times the profit by growing the ToLCV-resistant varieties compared to the pre-existing ToLCV-susceptible varieties. Adoption of ToLCV-resistant tomatoes was also associated with reduced pesticide use. Extra income from tomato sales was prioritised by farmers to pay for children's education, better nutrition and medicines. In a joint effort with the commercial seed sector in India, a promotional field day was organised in 2007. As well as the three ToLCV-resistant varieties, 62 ToLCV-resistant hybrid tomatoes were exhibited during a farmer-field day by 17 commercial seed companies and several public institutes. Tomatoes with ToLCV-resistance are now grown widely in South India and seeds of the three open-pollinated varieties have been distributed to more than 12 countries. In 2007, a conservative estimate of the financial-benefit to cost of the research ratio was already more than 837:1.  相似文献   

Effects of 17/0 circle hooks and bait on fish catches in a Southern Atlantic swordfish longline fishery          下载免费PDF全文

Sérgio Amorim  Miguel N. Santos  Rui Coelho  Joana Fernandez‐Carvalho 《水产资源保护:海洋与淡水生态系统》2015,25(4):518-533

Pelvic limb kinematics in the dog with and without a stifle orthosis          下载免费PDF全文

Bryan T. Torres DVM  PhD  DACVS‐SA  Yang‐Chieh Fu PhD  Gabriella S. Sandberg BS  Steven C. Budsberg DVM  MS  DACVS 《Veterinary surgery : VS》2017,46(5):642-652

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