Diagnostic ultrasonography of equine lens and posterior segment abnormalities     

Scotty NC  Cutler TJ  Brooks DE  Ferrell E 《Veterinary ophthalmology》2004,7(2):127-139

Purpose To define the indications for equine ocular ultrasonography and to provide representative ultrasonographic images of lens and posterior segment diseases. Methods Retrospective study. Equine medical records dating from January 1983 to March 2001 were reviewed. All cases that: (1) had a lens and/or posterior segment abnormality; and (2) received a complete ophthalmic examination and ocular ultrasonography were included. Results Forty‐three cases (n = 64 eyes) out of 112 total cases of equine lens and/or posterior segment abnormalities qualified. The following conditions were identified ultrasonographically in order of decreasing frequency: cataracts, vitreal opacities, retinal detachment, lens luxation, endophthalmitis, microphthalmos, choroiditis, lens rupture, lenticonus, buphthalmos and phthisis bulbi. Ultrasonography often enabled diagnoses to be made in the presence of anterior opacities in both surgical (pre and/or postoperatively) and nonsurgical cases. Additional ocular conditions were identified in adults with cataracts more frequently than in foals with cataracts. Conclusions Cataracts were the most common lens abnormality identified in horses that received ocular ultrasound examination. Cataracts were commonly found in association with other ocular abnormalities. Ultrasonography was a practical and effective method of evaluating the lens and posterior segment, particularly in cases with anterior opacities. Ultrasonography also provided critical information with regard to the potential for surgical removal of cataracts and was a valuable component of postsurgical follow‐up.  相似文献   

Mycobacterium bovis infection in North American elk (Cervus elaphus).     

C O Thoen  W J Quinn  L D Miller  L L Stackhouse  B F Newcomb  J M Ferrell 《Journal of veterinary diagnostic investigation》1992,4(4):423-427

A naturally occurring outbreak of Mycobacterium bovis infection in captive wild elk (wapiti) in Montana was confirmed by mycobacteriologic examination. Twenty-eight of 143 elk responded to M. bovis purified protein derivative (PPD) tuberculin injected intradermally in the cervical region (SCT). The results of comparative cervical tuberculin skin tests conducted within 9 days of SCT revealed greater responses to M. bovis PPD tuberculin than to M. avium PPD tuberculin in 23 of 28 elk responding. At necropsy, several grossly visible tuberculous lesions were observed in the parenchyma of the lung, thoracic lymph nodes, and submandibular lymph nodes. Microscopic examination of appropriately stained tissue sections revealed the presence of granulomatous lesions containing acid-fast bacilli. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed using a sarkosyl extract of M. bovis (antigen) and peroxidase-labeled protein G (conjugate); reactions were detected in the sera of 8 of 9 elk responding to M. bovis PPD tuberculin. Lymphocyte blastogenic assay responses were detected using M. bovis antigens in 7 of 9 elk positive on skin tests using M. bovis PPD.  相似文献   

Growth, development and body composition in three genetic stocks of swine   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

M W Tess  G E Dickerson  J A Nienaber  C L Ferrell 《Journal of animal science》1986,62(4):968-979

Differences in growth, chemical body composition and visceral organ development were evaluated in three genetic stocks: Beltsville Highfat (HF) and Lowfat (LF) Duroc-Yorkshire composites and a Hampshire X Large White cross (CX). Ten sets of littermate barrows were used from each stock. One pig from each set was slaughtered at 10, 17 and 24 wk of age. After slaughter, each pig was dissected into three fractions: carcass, head and feet, viscera and blood. Backfat was measured at three locations and visceral organs were weighed separately. Each fraction was frozen, ground, sampled and analyzed in duplicate for protein, fat, water and ash. The CX pigs were heaviest at all ages and contained the most fat-free mass (FFM). The HF pigs were smallest and contained the most fat, while LF pigs tended to be intermediate. The LF pigs deposited a greater proportion of weight in head and feet and a greater proportion of total FFM in the carcass than HF and CX pigs. Estimated allometric growth coefficients for non-fat chemical components relative to empty body weight (EBWT) were lower for HF than LF and CX, which were similar. Coefficients for fat were similar among stocks yet intercepts differed widely. Relative to total FFM, water increased at a faster rate and ash a slower rate in CX pigs compared to HF and LF. Growth coefficients were calculated for internal organs relative to EBWT. Coefficients for organs of the digestive tract were not different among stocks. However, significant differences among stocks were found for heart, lung, spleen and liver that were not explained by differences in body composition.  相似文献   

Fatal hemoprotozoal infections in multiple avian species in a zoological park.     

Shannon T Ferrell  Karen Snowden  Annajane B Marlar  Michael Garner  Nancy P Lung 《Journal of zoo and wildlife medicine》2007,38(2):309-316

Over a 3-yr span, two juvenile lesser flamingos (Phoeniconaias minor), two green jays (Cyanocorax yncas glaucescens), and two Montezuma oropendolas (Psarocolius montezuma) died peracutely with no premonitory signs at a zoological park in the southern United States. At necropsy, the birds were in excellent body condition. Except for one green jay, the coelomic cavities were filled with a dark serosanguineous fluid. Splenomegaly and hepatomegaly were present. The livers were tan to purple with numerous, randomly distributed red-to-black foci, ranging in size from 1 to 4 mm. The predominant histopathologic finding, except in one green jay, was large protozoal cysts in the hepatic parenchyma. Histologically, the protozoal cysts were restricted to the liver, and none were identified in the skeletal muscle, spleen, or other tissues. Frozen tissue samples harvested at necropsy had a nested polymerase chain reaction assay performed to amplify the mitochondrial cytochrome B gene of the protozoa. The amplified gene sequences were compared with reference cytochrome B gene sequences for avian Plasmodium spp., Haemoproteus spp., and Leucocytozoon spp. The protozoal parasite within the hepatic parenchyma from the Montezuma oropendolas and the lesser flamingos was identified as Haemoproteus spp. Both green jays had Plasmodium spp. isolated from the submitted tissue samples. The peracute nature of the infections precluded any successful medical intervention, making prevention by exclusion the principal means to control hemoprotozoal transmission. There are no reports in the literature documenting identified fatal hemoprotozoal infections in oropendolas, green jays, or lesser flamingos.  相似文献