Influence of Heat Stress on the Cortisol and Oxidant‐Antioxidants Balance During Oestrous Phase in Buffalo‐Cows (Bubalus bubalis): Thermo‐protective Role of Antioxidant Treatment     

GA Megahed  MM Anwar  SI Wasfy  ME Hammadeh 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2008,43(6):672-677

In the present study, the effect of heat stress, which is commonly observed in the animals of Upper Egypt area in summer, as well as the effect of antioxidant treatment as a thermo‐protective was examined. In this study, the animals (n = 120) were divided into winter group (n = 40, bred during winter) and summer group (n = 80, bred during summer) as well as, animals in the summer group were divided into first subgroup animals (n = 40) and injected with Viteselen intramuscularly (15 ml) twice weekly for 10 weeks and second subgroup animals (n = 40) were not treated (as control). Serum levels of progesterone (P4), oestradiol (E2), cortisol, superoxide dismutase (SOD), lipid peroxidase (LPO) and nitric oxide (NO) were measured. The pregnancy rate of all animals was detected rectally. The levels of oestradiol and the activity of the antioxidant SOD were decreased in serum of animals in behavioural oestrus during summer as compared with those in winter. During the same time period the levels of oxidants such as LPO and NO were increased in the serum of animals again in the phase of oestrus. In another group of animals treated by intramuscular injection with 15 ml viteselen (antioxidant) twice weekly for 6 weeks during hot months, the activities of serum SOD showed an increase and the levels of oxidants and cortisol decreased. Moreover, the levels of oestradiol were increased during the oestrous behaviour. The pregnancy rate was decreased in animals under heat stress and the pregnancy rate was enhanced dramatically when these animals received antioxidants during the heat stress. This means that the heat‐stress in Upper Egypt may affect the fertility of animals and pregnancy rate and this effect may be through an increased production of free radicals and decreased production of antioxidants as well as increased levels of cortisol. Treatment of animals or supplementation with antioxidants before the beginning of months of heat‐stress and also during the stress period may correct the infertility due to heat‐stress through the decrease in cortisol secretion and a decrease in the oxidative stress. These results resulted in an increase in pregnancy rate in treated animals.  相似文献   

Reproductive performance of cows after fixed‐time artificial insemination with ovulation synchronisation and re‐synchrony in southern Australian dairy herds          下载免费PDF全文

MM Izzo  M Humphris  L Pryor  A Perry  JM Morton 《Australian veterinary journal》2018,96(4):111-119

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Effects of seasonal variation,group size and sex on the activity budget and diet composition of the addax antelope     

Hicham Seri  Mohsen Chammem  Luis MM Ferreira  Marwa Kechnebou  Touhami Khorchani  Severiano R Silva 《African Journal of Range and Forage Science》2018,35(2):89-100

Behaviour and diet composition are critical elements in conservation biology within the scope of reintroduction programs. Here we focused on addax (Addax nasomaculatus), a Critically Endangered antelope species, in the Jbil National Park, Tunisia. In this study, we advanced the hypothesis that season, day period, sex and social structure have an effect on the activity budgets and diet composition of addax. Three groups were selected (large group, adult pair and solitary male). Resting, moving, grazing, vigilance and other behaviours were recorded during two seasons (dry and wet) and in the morning and the afternoon. In addition, faecal samples were collected. The results indicate that season and day period were the main factors affecting the activity budgets. The resting behaviour increased from the wet to the dry season, and from morning to afternoon. The grazing and moving behaviours increased during the wet season and decreased from morning to afternoon. Addax select a mixed diet composed of perennial and herbaceous plant species notably during the wet season. In addition, we observed that addax modify their behaviour according to the season and forage availability. This represents an adaptive strategy to survive in a desert climate with a stochastic low-resource environment and depending on ambient climatic conditions.  相似文献   

Xenotransplantation of goat ovary as an alternative to analyse follicles after vitrification     

Nathalie Jiatsa Donfack  Kele Amaral Alves  Benner Geraldo Alves  Rebeca Magalhes Pedrosa Rocha  Jamily Bezerra Bruno  Carlos H. Lobo  Marcelo Bertolini  Regiane Rodrigues dos Santos  Marilia de Oliveira Taumaturgo  Ramon da Silva Raposo  Jos Ricardo de Figueiredo  Johan Smitz  Ana Paula Ribeiro Rodrigues 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2019,54(2):216-224

The aim of this study was to evaluate the caprine preantral follicles enclosed on vitrified/warmed ovarian cortex grafted to nude BALB/mice during 1 month. The ovarian cortex from goats was fragmented (3 × 3 × 0.5 mm) and divided into four groups: fresh control, vitrified control, fresh transplant and vitrified transplant. Follicular morphology, development and density, fibrosis as well as apoptosis, and tissue revascularization were evaluated. It was also observed a significant decrease in morphologically normal preantral (primordial, transition, primary and secondary) follicles in both vitrified control and vitrified transplant treatments when compared with both fresh control and fresh transplant. However, fresh control and fresh transplant exhibited a similar percentage of developing follicles. Additionally, Vitrified control showed a significant increase in developing follicles in comparison with both fresh control and fresh transplant. Follicular density significantly decreased in all treatments in comparison with fresh control. We observed high fibrosis in both fresh transplant and vitrified transplant. The mRNA expression of caspase 3 was lower in both fresh transplant and vitrified transplant in comparison with vitrified control. In conclusion, xenotransplantation is an excellent strategy to maintain normal preantral follicle morphology after vitrification/warming of goat ovarian tissue. Yet, in order to ensure the survival and development of these follicles, it is essential to improve the revascularization of the graft.  相似文献   

Reduced-rank estimation of genetic parameters for egg production traits and cluster analyses with predicted breeding values     

Luara Afonso de Freitas  Rodrigo Pelicioni Savegnago  Natalia Vinhal Grupioni  Salvador Boccaletti Ramos  Nedenia Bonvino Stafuzza  Elsio Antônio Pereira de Figueiredo 《Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section A - Animal Sciences》2018,68(2):81-86

The aims of this study were to compare the suitability of the multi-trait (MUT) model to estimate genetic parameters with that of 13 reduced-rank principal component models (PC1 to PC13), and then to explore the additive genetic patterns of the breeding values obtained from these using clustering analyses of egg production traits. A total of 1,212 records were used to estimate genetic parameters using the MUT and PC models. The PC4 model was the best representation of the data since it had a lower AIC value and was more parsimonious than the MUT model. The estimated heritability of the age at the first egg (AFE) trait from this model was 0.28?±?0.06, and the estimated genetic correlation between AFE and total egg production (TP) was ?0.52?±?0.23. Potentially animals from cluster 2 are more likely to be in the selected group to help improve the egg production.  相似文献   

Histological and immunohistochemical investigations of ovarian interstitial glands during non‐breeding season in camels (Camelus dromedarius)          下载免费PDF全文

MM Awad  RH Mohamed  YA Amin  HA Hussein 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2018,53(4):872-879

The aim of this was to investigate the histology and immunohistochemistry of interstitial glands during non‐breeding season in camel ovaries. A total of 21 mature, non‐pregnant and apparently healthy camels aged between 8 and 12 years were slaughtered. The ovaries were removed within 15 min, cleaned from adipose tissue, weighted and examined grossly. The histological preparation was made, and then, the blocks were cut at 3–5 microns thickness and stained by H&E for histological examinations. Moreover, some sections were stained with Sudan Black for lipid detection. Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin‐embedded ovarian tissues was performed to detect the localization of S‐100, vimentin, progesterone receptors (PR) and oestrogen receptors (ER). Immunoreactive signals were detected using UltraVision Detection System. The results revealed that the interstitial glands were located in the cortical region and they were arranged in various arrangements either single, in couple or in groups rich in lipid droplet. All interstitial gland arrangements were enclosed by connective tissue capsules containing fibroblasts and collagenous fibres separated them from the surrounding ovarian structures. Both interstitial glands and their surrounding CT were penetrated by several blood vessels. There was a strong immunoreactive signal for S‐100 in the nuclei of interstitial cells, and no signals were detected either in cells of the interstitial glands or their connective tissue with PR. We could conclude that the interstitial gland is distinct in ovary of camel and further studies are needed to elucidate its rule in steroid synthesis.  相似文献   

Effect of ricinoleic acid esters from castor oil (Ricinus communis) on the oocyte yolk components of the tick Rhipicephalus sanguineus (Latreille, 1806) (Acari: Ixodidae)     

Bruno Rodrigues Sampieri  André Arnosti  Karim Christina Scopinho Furquim  Gilberto Orivaldo Chierice  Gervásio Henrique Bechara  Pedro Luiz Pucci Figueiredo de Carvalho  Pablo Henrique Nunes  Maria Izabel Camargo-Mathias 《Veterinary parasitology》2013,191(3-4):315-322

Rhipicephalus sanguineus are bloodsucking ectoparasites, whose main host is the domestic dog, thus being present in urban areas and closely located to people. Eventually, this tick species parasitize humans and can become a potential vector of infectious diseases. Methods to control this type of pest have been the focus of many research groups worldwide. The use of natural products is increasingly considered nowadays, due to the low toxicity levels to the host and low waste generation to the environment. This study tested the effect of ricinoleic acid esters from castor oil (as an potential acaricide) on the reproductive system of R. sanguineus females, more specifically on the vitellogenesis process. For this, two groups were established: the control group (CG) and the treatment group (TG) with five rabbits in each (New Zealand White), used as hosts. NaCl and ester were added to rabbits’ food and offered to the hosts. After full engorgement, the females were collected and had their ovaries extracted. The ticks ovaries were submitted to histochemical techniques so the effects of esters could be observed over polysaccharides, proteins and lipids yolk. Changes in the deposition of yolk components were observed. This caused modifications on elements of polysaccharide origin and on glycoprotein compounds, interfering in the final yolk synthesis and compromising the development of the future embryo.  相似文献   

Dietary Oil Sources on the Innate Immunity and Resistance of Nile Tilapia,Oreochromis niloticus,to Streptococcus agalactiae Challenge          下载免费PDF全文

Milena W. Ferreira  Diego V. da Costa  Carlos A. G. Leal  Henrique C. P. Figueiredo  Priscila V. Rosa 《Journal of the World Aquaculture Society》2015,46(3):252-262

The effect of different dietary oil sources on the innate immunity and resistance of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus, to Streptococcus agalactiae infection were evaluated. Fish were fed with diets containing different lipid sources (soybean oil [SO], corn oil, linseed oil [LO], fish oil [FO], and olive oil [OO]). Fish fed SO presented the highest (P < 0.05) hematocrit and serum protein. LO and FO diets increased (P < 0.05) the erythrocyte resistance to osmotic lysis in comparison with other treatments. Fish fed OO showed the highest (P < 0.05) iron‐binding capacity and the lowest serum lysozyme and bactericidal activities (P < 0.05). No difference (P > 0.05) was found between diets in alternative complement activity. Fish fed the SO diet had the highest (P < 0.05) survival rate against S. agalactiae challenge. In conclusion, diets with LO oil and FO, rich in ω‐3 fatty acids, and OO, rich in ω‐9 fatty acids, have an immunomodulatory effect in Nile tilapia juveniles. The use of SO in the Nile tilapia diet improved immune function and resistance against S. agalactiae.  相似文献   

Soil and tree response to P fertilization in a secondary tropical forest supported by an Oxisol     

Daniel Markewitz  Ricardo de O. Figueiredo  Cláudio J. Reis de Carvalho  Eric A. Davidson 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2012,48(6):665-678

Mature tropical forests are considered to be P limited and to cycle P efficiently. Whether P limitations are significant in younger secondary tropical forests, however, remains largely unexplored. This study evaluated P limitation by observing the P fertilizer response of a naturally regenerated 24-year-old forest and its soil. In February 1999, six 20?×?20-m plots were established in secondary forest in the Brazilian Amazon. After 1?year of pre-treatment tree measurements, 50?kg?P?ha^?1 was applied in January 2000 and again in January 2001. Soil sorption of P was relatively low (～100?μg?g^?1) in the surface 0–20?cm while sorption increased to ～180?μg?g^?1 at 20–50?cm and approached ～500?μg?g^?1 for the 50- to 200-cm layers. Soil P in 0–10?cm, measured as sequentially extractable fractions (resin, HCO₃-Pi, NaOH-Pi, NaOH-Po, and 1?M HCl), increased shortly after fertilization and could account for nearly all the 50?kg?P?ha^?1 added at each date. During the following 6?years, soil P in fertilized plots declined in all pools other than resin P, and by June 2006, concentrations returned to pre-fertilization levels. Despite the increase in extractable P with fertilization, increased tree growth was not detected from stand age 25 to 31?years. It appears that during secondary forest succession at this site, the forest P cycle was conservative so as to maintain available P at a sufficient concentration to meet forest P demands.  相似文献   

Insect Pests     

Ivan Cruz  Maria de Lourdes Corrêa Figueiredo  Rafael Braga da Silva  Ivana Fernandes da Silva  Cristiane deSouza Paula  John E. Foster 《国际虫害防治杂志》2013,59(1):83-87

The fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), is a major pest of maize and frequently demands control measures. The timing of insecticide application is a key factor in determining its efficiency, so an experiment was designed to investigate this. Application of insecticide was based on three criteria: (i) the number of trap-caught moths in a Delta-type trap with a commercial sex pheromone lure placed in the center of the target area, soon after plant emergence; (ii) the percentage of plants exhibiting pinhole-type damage (10% or 20%) and (iii) the percentage of plants exhibiting shot hole-type damage (10% or 20%) compared to a check plot without any control measures. We found that the number of trap-caught moths was, compared to the other methods, the best means of deciding on insecticide application in maize to control the fall armyworm. Using pheromone traps, we obtained the best performance of the insecticide Spinosad, causing >90% larval mortality. Without insecticide application, maize yield reduction due to fall armyworm larva damage was 39%.  相似文献