Morphological aspects of the capybara stomach (Hydrochaeris hydrochaeris): gross and microscopic structure     

Moraes PT  Pacheco MR  de Souza WM  da Silva RA  Neto PB  Barreto CS  Ribeiro AA 《Anatomia, histologia, embryologia》2002,31(6):362-366

The digestive system of the capybara has been investigated because of its coprofagia habits, important for their absorptive activity. These species present differences in terms of gastrointestinal morphological characters when compared with other rodents. Macroscopiclly, the stomach of the capybara is constituted of the following parts: cardiac, pyloric, body, fundic and gastric diverticulum. It presents two curvatures, one big and another small. Externally, the presence of gastric bands (tenias) is observed. With regards to the volumetric view, the gastric capacity varies from 850 to 2010 ml, with an average of 1498.57 ml. So, the stomach of this animal can be classified as a simple stomach, in the format of a curved sack and similar to an inverted letter 'J'. The gastric mucous membrane presents a surface filled by numerous tortuous gastric folds and longitudinally distributed along all its extension. The mucous tunic also possesses recesses located among the successive gastric folds, which were denoted as gastric parts with numerous openings described as gastric pits. In the cardiac part, a glandular epithelium with cardiac glands is noticed containing a lot of parietal and mucous neck cells. The fundic part, body and gastric diverticulum contain proper gastric glands with main, parietal and mucous neck cells. Finally, the pyloric part has pyloric glands with two cellular types, mucous neck and parietal cells.  相似文献   

Effect of stale seedbed preparations and subsequent weed control in lettuce (cv. Iceboll) on weed densities     

MM RIEMENS  RY VAN DER WEIDE†  PO BLEEKER†  & LAP LOTZ 《Weed Research》2007,47(2):149-156

The effects of stale seedbed preparations and several weed control methods on the emergence of weeds in lettuce were studied. The specific goal was to evaluate the use of a stale seedbed in combination with chemical or mechanical weed control methods in the field. Depending on location and year, stale seedbed preparations followed by weed control prior to planting reduced the amount of weeds during crop growth by 43–83%. Control of the emerged seedlings after a stale seedbed preparation was more effective with glyphosate than with a rotary harrow. Covering the rotary harrow during control to prevent light reaching the soil improved its effect on the weed density during crop growth in two of 3 years. Radiation with far red light (FR) did not reduce the number of emerging weeds in this study. Mechanical control by finger weeder, torsion weeder and hoe was applied without stale seedbed preparations. These measures reduced the weed densities by 88–99%, compared with the untreated control and were more effective than chemical weed control with carbetamide and chlorpropham. The results show that the stale seedbed technique in combination with mechanical control of emerging weeds can reduce the weed population during crop growth as effectively as chemical control. The technique may therefore help reduce the use of herbicides in lettuce crops in the future.  相似文献   

Virulence of different isolates of Aeromonas hydrophila in channel catfish     

J. De Figueiredo  J.A. Plumb 《Aquaculture (Amsterdam, Netherlands)》1977,11(4):349-354

The virulence of nine Aeromonas hydrophila isolates from diseased fish, diseased Macrobrachium (freshwater shrimp) and from pond water was determined in channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) fingerlings. According to the lethal dose ? 50% end point (LD₅₀) of each isolate, the water organisms were significantly (P < 0.05) less virulent than the isolates from diseased fish. All isolates were biochemically similar.  相似文献   

The effect of varying dietary digestible protein and digestible non‐protein energy sources on growth,nutrient utilization efficiencies and body composition of carp (Cyprinus carpio) evaluated with a two‐factorial central composite study design          下载免费PDF全文

M.C. Heinitz  C. Figueiredo Silva  C. Schulz  A. Lemme 《Aquaculture Nutrition》2018,24(2):723-740

To determine optimized dietary nutrient supply for common carp (Cyprinus carpio), nine isoenergetic diets were formulated according to a two‐factorial central composite design on digestible basis. Digestible protein contents (DP) in diets ranged from 208.8 to 251.2 g/kg, and digestible fat‐to‐digestible carbohydrate energy ratios (DEF/DEC) varied from 0.79 to 1.21. Carp were fed four times a day at a daily feeding rate of 2.5 g/kg body weight for 56 days. Optima of responses were determined by applying the standard least squares method according to response surface methodology. All diets resulted in excellent performance with feed conversion ratios lower than 1 and digestible protein efficiency ratios (PER_dig) higher than 4.6. For most parameters, calculated extreme values were minimum points, except for FCR, retention efficiencies of digestible arginine (RetArg_dig) and of digestible methionine (RetMet_dig), being maximum points, and retention efficiencies of digestible isoleucine, digestible sulphuric amino acids and digestible lysine, being saddle points. Highest growth and feed utilization efficiency were graphically determined for a diet containing 208.8 g/kg DP/1.21 DEF/DEC. Body lipid was optically increased for 251.2 g/kg DP/0.79 DEF/DEC in comparison with 208.8 g/kg DP/1.21 DEF/DEC.  相似文献   

Expression of Cyclooxygenase-1 and -2 in the Porcine Endometrium during the Oestrous Cycle and Early Pregnancy     

A Blitek  A Waclawik  MM Kaczmarek  T Stadejek  Z Pejsak  AJ Ziecik 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2006,41(3):251-257

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OC3Morphometry Characterisation of Catalan Donkey Spermatozoa and Identification of Sperm Morphometric Subpopulations     

J Miró  A Flotats  MM Rivera  M Ocaña  E Taberner  A Peña  T Rigau 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2006,41(S2):103-103

In order to determine the injure produced in boar spermatozoa through cryopreservation process, we analyzed the expression of the hexose transporters Glut-3 and Glut-5 and the zona pellucida binding protein As-A (P68) in three different steps of the freezing-thawed protocol: at 17°C (fresh BTS-diluted semen, 1 : 2 v/v, step 1), at 5°C (after glycerol addition; step 2), and post-thawing (step 3). All sperm analyses were carried out with immunogold techniques under electronic microscopy. For this study eight healthy post-pubertal Iberian boars were submitted to a collection of twice per week through 3 months, evaluating two ejaculates from each boar. Glut-3 maintains the expression in the acrosome region post-thawing but not along the tail where is reduced. The expression of Glut-5 and As-A is majority located at the post-acrosome region of the spermatozoa at step 1, but in step 2 and step 3 this expression is relocated to sperm tail area. In conclusion, while cryopreservation affects the localization and the expression of Glut-3 and Glut-5, its fertilizing capacity is not significantly reduced. The stabilization of boar semen at 5°C was found to be the most crucial step for sperm survival.  相似文献   

Effect of Insemination–Ovulation Interval and Addition of Seminal Plasma on Sow Fertility to Insemination of Cryopreserved Sperm     

M Abad  JC Garcia  DJ Sprecher  G Cassar  RM Friendship  MM Buhr  RN Kirkwood 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2007,42(4):418-422

In swine, the use of frozen-thawed (FT) sperm for artificial insemination (AI) is limited because of poor sow fertility, possibly associated with a post-thaw capacitation-like status resulting in fewer fully viable sperm. Sow fertility to AI with FT sperm may improve with deeper deposition of sperm within the female tract, insemination very close to ovulation, or reversal of cryocapacitation by seminal plasma (SP). We performed two experiments to examine these suggestions. In experiment 1, 122 multiparous Yorkshire sows received 600 IU equine chorionic gonadotrophin at weaning and 5 mg pLH 80 h later to control time of ovulation. The predicted time of ovulation (PTO) was 38 h after pLH injection. Thereafter, sows were assigned on the basis of parity to a single AI of FT sperm at 2 h before PTO, or at 12 h before PTO, or FT sperm supplemented with 10% SP at 12 h before PTO. Control sows received fresh semen at 12 h before PTO. All semen doses were adjusted to 3 x 10(9) live cells and deposited into the cervix. Experiment 2 employed 99 multiparous crossbred sows and repeated the treatments of experiment 1 except that all FT inseminations were intrauterine. In both experiments, farrowing rates were lower (p < 0.01) following FT inseminations with no effect of time of insemination or of supplemental SP. In experiment 1, litter size was smaller following FT insemination (p < 0.05), but no effect on litter size was evident in experiment 2. Supplemental SP had no effect on litter size in either experiment. The lack of effect of either SP or timing of FT insemination on sow fertility suggests that the non-lethal sperm cryoinjury affecting fertility involves more than just cryocapacitation.  相似文献   

CLINICAL USE OF A COMBINATION OF NEUROLEPTANALGESIA IN DOGS WITH DISSOCIATIVE ANAESTHESIA: TILETAMINE-ZOLAZEPAM     

M.P. Holzchuh  A.C.C. Figueiredo  S.R.G. Cortopassi 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》1991,18(Z1):183-184

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Sedative, analgesic and cardiorespiratory effects of romifidine in cats     

Selmi AL  Barbudo-Selmi GR  Mendes GM  Figueiredo JP  Lins BT 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2004,31(3):195-206

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the sedative, analgesic, and cardiorespiratory effects of intramascular (IM) romifidine in cats. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective, randomized experimental trial. ANIMALS: Ten healthy adult cats. METHODS: Romifidine (100, 200, and 400 microg kg(-1)) or xylazine (1 mg kg(-1)) was given IM in a cross-over study design. Heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (RR), rectal temperature (RT), hemoglobin saturation, oscillometric arterial pressure, and scores for sedation, muscle relaxation, position, auditory response, and analgesia were determined before and after drug administration. Time to recumbency, duration of recumbency, and time to recover from sedation were determined. Subjective evaluation and cardiorespiratory variables were recorded before and at regular intervals for 60 minutes after drug administration. RESULTS: Bradycardia developed in all cats that were given romifidine or xylazine. No other significant differences in physiologic parameters were observed from baseline values or between treatments. Increasing the dose of romifidine did not result in increased sedation or muscle relaxation. Cats given xylazine showed higher sedation and muscle relaxation scores over time. Analgesia scores were significantly higher after administration of romifidine (400 microg kg(-1)) and xylazine (1 mg kg(-1)) than after romifidine at 100 or 200 microg kg(-1). Duration of lateral recumbency was not significantly different between treatments; however, cats took longer to recover after administration of 400 micro g kg(-1) romifidine. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Bradycardia is the most important adverse effect after IM administration of romifidine at doses ranging from 100 to 400 microg kg(-1) or 1 mg kg(-1) of xylazine in cats. The sedative effects of romifidine at 200 microg kg(-1) are comparable to those of 1 mg kg(-1) of xylazine, although muscle relaxation and analgesia were significantly less with romifidine than with xylazine.  相似文献   

Antiproliferative effect of Canavalia brasiliensis lectin on B16F10 cells     

Flávio de Oliveira Silva  Priscila das Neves Santos  Evellyne de Oliveira Figueirôa  Cristiane Moutinho Lagos de Melo  Juliana Kelle de Andrade Lemoine Neves  Francisco Vassiliepe Sousa Arruda  João Batista Cajazeiras  Kyria Santiago do Nascimento  Edson Holanda Teixeira  Benildo Sousa Cavada  Ana Lúcia Figueiredo Porto  Valéria Rêgo Alves Pereira 《Research in veterinary science》2014

Lectins are proteins or glycoproteins with the ability to link to carbohydrates at the cell surface in a specific and reversible manner. Studies have showed that lectins are demonstrate immunomodulatory and antitumor agents. This study aims to evaluate the effect of lectin extracted from the seeds of Canavalia brasiliensis (ConBr) on murine melanoma B16F10 cells by analyzing cell viability, apoptosis index, cell migration, production of cytokines and nitric oxide (NO). Results showed that ConBr was able to reduce cell viability and thwart apoptosis, which could be observed by decrease in cell migration. ConBr also induced NO and IL-12 synthesis. Altogether, these data demonstrate the potential of ConBr as a therapeutic agent for melanoma.  相似文献