Desmotomy of the Accessory Ligament of the Deep Digital Flexor Tendon in Horses: An Update     

Aziz Tnibar DVM  PhD  Dipl. ECVS   《Journal of Equine Veterinary Science》2010,30(12):715-719

Desmotomy of the accessory ligament of the deep digital flexor tendon is advocated to allow for lengthening of the deep digital flexor musculotendinous unit and axial realignment of the bones of the digit. This procedure has several indications. It can be performed using either the open or the minimally invasive surgical approach. This article describes both surgical approaches. Corrective shoeing before surgery contributes to success in both surgical approaches. The cosmetic results obtained after the minimally invasive procedure are much better as compared with those after the open surgical procedure. The minimally invasive approach compares favorably with results reported after using an open surgical approach and offers the advantages of minimally invasive surgery including reduced incision length, reduced morbidity, and improved cosmetic outcome. The minimally invasive approach may be also performed on the standing sedated horse.  相似文献   

Pain in Osteoarthritis     

P. René van Weeren  Janny C. de Grauw  DVM 《Veterinary Clinics of North America: Equine Practice》2010

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Atlas of Small Animal Ultrasonography     

Elaine Wexler-Mitchell DVM  ABVP 《Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery》2010,12(12):315

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FeLV-associated chronic lymphocytic leukemia     

Alexander Weiss DVM  PhD   《Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery》2010,12(12):341

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Signs of left heart volume overload in severely anaemic cats     

Helen E. Wilson BVSc  Shailen Jasani MA  VetMB  Tobias B. Wagner Dr Med Vet  Livia Benigni DVM Dip ECVDI CertVDI  Joanna R. Milne BVMS  Alison L. Stokes BVetMed  Virginia Luis-Fuentes MA  VetMB  PhD  CertVR  DVC  Dip ACVIM  Dip ECVIM-CA 《Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery》2010,12(12):904-909

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Fournier's gangrene in a cat     

Danielle E. Berube  DVM  ; Megan F. Whelan  DVM  DACVECC  ; Kathy C. Tater  DVM  DACVD    Kiko E. Bracker  DVM  DACVECC 《Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care》2010,20(1):148-154

Objective – To describe the clinical course of a cat diagnosed with Fournier's gangrene.
Case Summary – A 2-year-old castrated male cat was presented to an emergency hospital for evaluation of acute onset of lethargy, mucoid anal discharge, and fever. During hospitalization, with provision of supportive care, an area of necrotizing fasciitis around the prepuce and anus developed and surgical debridement was performed. Severe sepsis developed secondary to the necrotizing fasciitis and the cat was eventually euthanized.
New Information Provided – The purpose of this report is to document the first case of Fournier's gangrene in a cat that presented for mucoid anal discharge, lethargy, and mild ataxia, and to alert emergency clinicians to this disease process. Early detection of the disease with prompt, aggressive supportive care and surgical debridement is necessary for successful treatment.  相似文献   

Successful management of severe hypoventilation and hypercapnia in an alpaca (Vicugna pacos) with short‐term mechanical ventilation     

Claire R. Sharp BSc  BVMS  Davin Ringen DVM  MS  Dusty W. Nagy DVM  MS  PhD  DACVIM 《Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care》2010,20(2):258-263

Objective – To describe the successful management of an alpaca with severe hypoventilation and hypercapnia, suspected to be secondary to an anesthesia‐related event. Case Summary – A 3‐year‐old, female alpaca underwent a routine eye enucleation under general anesthesia after traumatic globe perforation. Severe hypoventilation and associated hypercapnia developed postoperatively resulting in a severe primary respiratory acidosis. The awake alpaca was supported with positive‐pressure ventilation for approximately 20 hours before successful weaning. Recovery to hospital discharge occurred over the subsequent 5 days with the alpaca regaining apparently normal respiratory function. New or Unique Information Provided – To the knowledge of the authors, this is the first report describing positive‐pressure ventilation of an alpaca in the veterinary literature. In this case of severe hypoventilation, ventilatory support was essential to the positive outcome. As South American camelids continue to increase in popularity there may be an increased demand for high‐quality and sophisticated veterinary care for these animals. Mechanical ventilation can be used to help restore and maintain normal PO₂, PCO₂, and respiratory acid‐base status in alpacas with ventilatory dysfunction.  相似文献   

Safety and efficacy of high‐dose fomepizole compared with ethanol as therapy for ethylene glycol intoxication in cats     

Heather E. Connally MS  DVM  DACVECC  Mary Anna Thrall DVM  MS  DACVP  Dwayne W. Hamar PhD 《Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care》2010,20(2):191-206

Objective – To determine the safety and efficacy of high‐dose fomepizole compared with ethanol (EtOH) in cats with ethylene glycol (EG) toxicosis. Design – Prospective study. Setting – University veterinary research laboratory. Animals – Thirteen cats. Interventions – Two cats received injections of high‐dose fomepizole (Study 1). Three cats received lethal doses of EG and fomepizole treatment was initiated 1, 2, or 3 hours later (Study 2). Eight cats received a lethal dose of EG and were treated with fomepizole or EtOH (Study 3). Cats treated with fomepizole received 125 mg/kg IV initially, then 31.25 mg/kg at 12, 24, and 36 hours. Cats treated with EtOH received 5 mL of 20% EtOH/kg IV initially, then every 6 hours for 5 treatments, then every 8 hours for 4 treatments. Cats also received fluids and supportive therapy as needed. Measurements and Main Results – Clinical signs were monitored and serial blood analyses performed. Cats receiving fomepizole experienced mild sedation but no biochemical evidence of toxicity. Cats receiving fomepizole for EG intoxication survived if therapy was initiated within 3 hours of EG ingestion. One of the 6 developed acute renal failure (ARF) but survived. Only 1 of the 3 cats treated with EtOH 3 hours following EG ingestion survived; 2 developed ARF and were euthanized. Cats treated 4 hours following EG ingestion developed ARF, whether treated with EtOH or fomepizole. Conclusions – Fomepizole is safe when administered to cats in high doses, prevents EG‐induced fatal ARF when therapy is instituted within 3 hours of EG ingestion, and is more effective than treatment with EtOH.  相似文献   

Evaluation of an indirect oscillometric blood pressure monitor in normotensive and hypotensive anesthetized dogs     

Andre Shih DVM  DACVA  Sheilah Robertson BVMS  PhD  DACVA  DECVAA  Alessio Vigani MV  Anderson Da Cunha DVM  MS  Luisito Pablo DVM  MS  DACVA  Carsten Bandt DVM  DACVECC 《Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care》2010,20(3):313-318

Objective – To determine the accuracy and precision of an oscillometric noninvasive blood pressure device as a predictor of invasive direct blood pressure in healthy anesthetized hypotensive and normotensive dogs. Design – Prospective observational study. Setting – University teaching hospital. Animals – Eight crossbred adult dogs. Interventions – Anesthesia was induced with propofol and maintained with isoflurane. A catheter was placed in the dorsal pedal artery to record systolic, mean, and diastolic arterial blood pressures (aSAP, aMAP, and aDAP, respectively). The noninvasive blood pressure device cuff was placed around the contralateral front limb to record noninvasive systolic, mean, and diastolic blood pressure (nSAP, nMAP, and nDAP). Two states of blood pressure (BP) were studied: baseline state was established by keeping end‐tidal isoflurane concentration at 1.2±0.1%. The hypotensive state was achieved by maintaining the same isoflurane concentration while withdrawing approximately 40% of the animal's blood volume until aMAP was stable at approximately 40 mm Hg. At the end of the study, blood was returned to the animal and it was allowed to recover from anesthesia. Measurements and Main Results – Agreement between the direct and indirect BP measurements was determined by the Bland‐Altman method. The SAP and MAP but not DAP bias varied significantly between each BP state. Normotensive absolute biases (mean [SD]) for SAP, MAP, and DAP were ?14.7 mm Hg (15.5 mm Hg), ?16.4 mm Hg (12.1 mm Hg), and ?14.1 mm Hg (15.8 mm Hg), respectively. Absolute biases during the hypotensive state for SAP, MAP, and DAP were ?32 mm Hg (22.6 mm Hg), ?24.2 mm Hg (19.5 mm Hg), and ?16.8 mm Hg (17.2 mm Hg), respectively. Conclusion – The oscillometric device was not reliably predictive of intra‐arterial BP during hypotension associated with acute hemorrhage.  相似文献   

Age‐associated changes to pathogen‐associated molecular pattern‐induced inflammatory mediator production in dogs     

Sarah J. Deitschel DVM  Marie E. Kerl DVM  DACVIM  DACVECC  Chee‐Hoon Chang DVM  Amy E. DeClue DVM  MS  DACVIM 《Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care》2010,20(5):494-502

Objective – To determine whether older dogs will have a more pronounced pro‐inflammatory response and blunted anti‐inflammatory response to pathogen‐associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) compared with younger dogs. Design – Prospective. Setting – University teaching hospital. Animals – Thirty‐eight privately owned sexually altered dogs of various ages. Interventions – Blood was collected for HCT, WBC count, plasma biochemical analysis, and whole blood culture. Whole blood was stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or, lipoteichoic acid or, peptidoglycan or, addition of phosphate‐buffered saline. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF), interleukin (IL)‐6, and IL‐10 production from whole blood were compared among young, middle aged, and geriatric dogs. Measurements and Main Results – LPS, lipoteichoic acid, and peptidoglycan stimulated significant TNF, IL‐6, and IL‐10 production from canine whole blood compared with phosphate‐buffered saline. Whole blood from geriatric dogs had a blunted IL‐10 response to LPS stimulation and middle‐aged dogs had increased LPS‐induced TNF production compared with the other groups. Conclusion – PAMPs from gram‐positive and gram‐negative bacteria stimulate TNF, IL‐6, and IL‐10 production from canine whole blood. The inflammatory mediator response to PAMPs from gram‐negative bacteria alters with age and may be one factor contributing to mortality in geriatric dogs with sepsis.  相似文献