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11.
Priscilla Munzhelele James Oguttu Olubunmi G. Fasanmi Folorunso O. Fasina 《Tropical animal health and production》2017,49(1):63-69
South African pig sector is a contributor to the agricultural industry. A study was conducted to identify the production constraints and compare the management practices in smallholder pig farms in Mpumalanga, South Africa. A total of 220 selected smallholder pig farmers were interviewed. Smallholder pig farming was predominated by male (64 %), age above 50 years (54 %), black Africans (98.6 %), and three quarters of the smallholder farmers were poor to just below average. Majority (80 %) have no pig husbandry training, while only 33 % received assistance from government’s Agricultural Department. In terms of stock, mixed breeds (89 %) from exotic pigs were mostly kept and majority (87 %) of the farmers kept ≤10 sows in their herds. Many farmers (75 %) engaged in risky behavior of buying auctioned-sourced boars, free-range boars, and untested boars from neighbors and relatives. Few (17 %) farmers practiced vaccination and only 10 % kept farm records. Majority of the responses on pre-weaning mortality (50 %) and post-weaning mortality (90 %) were within acceptable range of 1–10 and 1–5 % mortality rates, respectively. The lead causes of mortality were weak piglets and crushing (46 %), diarrhea (27 %), poor management knowledge (19 %), and malnutrition (16 %). Agricultural training and government incentives will facilitate improved productivity in smallholder pig farming. 相似文献
12.
Femi John Fawole Ayodeji Adeyinka Adeoye Lateef Oloyede Tiamiyu Favour Chidimma Samuel Olawunmi Mercy Omosuyi Morufat Temitope Amusa 《Aquaculture Research》2020,51(7):2903-2912
A feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effect of pawpaw–onion powder (POP) mixture on the growth, and haemato‐biochemical and antioxidant responses of Clarias gariepinus (4.02 ± 0.01g/fish) for 60 days. Five trial diets were formulated as control (without POP or antimicrobial growth promoter (AGP)), AGP (basal diet + 10ml AGP/kg diet), POP 2.5 (basal diet + 2.5g POP/kg diet), POP 5.0 (basal diet + 5.0g POP/kg diet) and POP 10 (basal diet + 10g POP/kg diet). Two hundred and twenty‐five fish were equally distributed into five groups in triplicate and fed twice daily. The results indicate that AGP or POP supplementation exerted no effects on the growth and blood profile among the various groups, but a significantly higher lymphocyte count was observed in POP 10g/kg. The highest whole‐body protein and lipid contents were noticed in fish fed the control diet (p < .05), whereas POP 5.0g/kg group recorded the highest hepatosomatic value. Furthermore, the cholesterol level was found to be lower in the AGP‐ and POP‐fed fish compared with the higher level recorded in the control. The glucose concentration and superoxide dismutase enzyme activity were found to be higher in POP 2.5‐fed fish, whereas POP 10‐fed fish showed higher catalase activities compared with other groups (p < .05). Based on the result obtained, this study showed that dietary POP had no significant impact on the growth performance but has direct effects on the whole‐body lipid content, lymphocyte count, cholesterol level, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase and antioxidant response of Clarias gariepinus. 相似文献
13.
Lateef Akinwumi Folorunso Benjamin Obukowho Emikpe Augustine Eyiwunmi Falaye Akeem Babatunde Dauda Emmanuel Kolawole Ajani 《东北农业大学学报(英文版)》2017,24(2)
Mortality is normal and natural in aquaculture experiments. However, it becomes a problem when measuring feed intake as a component of nutrient utilization parameters such as: feed conversion ratio, feed conversion efficiency, apparent net protein utilization, protein efficiency ratio and protein productive value. In order to accurately evaluate feed intake with due consideration of mortality encountered, a formulae was developed using empirical data obtained from an experiement that had mortality. The formulae Fwas: total feed consumed by numbers of survived fishes=DL∑_(i=1)~n(F_i/N_i)N. Where, D=Numbers of days fishes were fed within each period ibefore it was adjusted(e.g fortnight), it was constant throught period of experiment; F=Uantity of feed fed per day for a fortnight before the quantity was adjusted, it changed every fortnight; L=Numbers of living fishes at the end of experimental period; N=Numbers of fishes at each weighing period, it might change every fortnight or might be constant if no mortality occurred; while n=Numbers of times fishes were weighed and quantity of feed was adjusted but this did not include the final weighing at the termination of experiment. However, if the fishes were weighed weekly, then D=6. 相似文献
14.
The effect of machinery traffic on the physical properties of a sandy loam soil and on the yield of sorghum in north-eastern Nigeria 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
To assess the damage done to sorghum production by soil compaction from vehicular traffic, a randomized complete block design of field plots was selected to comprise treatments of 0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 passes of a tractor with 31 kPa contact pressure in a sandy loam soil. Agronomical treatments were kept the same for all the plots. The soil dry bulk density and penetrometer resistance for each applied load were measured and the yield from each treatment was determined.
Results indicated higher dry bulk density and penetration resistance with increase in the number of tractor passes. Both the head weight and total plant yield of sorghum increased with increases in the number of tractor passes up to a point, and then decreased with further increases and penetration resistance in terms of the number of tractor passes and contact pressure. 相似文献
15.
Idris Olabode Badiru Molayo Elizabeth Akande Temitope Adejoju Ladigbolu 《Journal Of Agricultural & Food Information》2013,14(2-3):142-150
ABSTRACTThis study assessed farmers' utilization of agricultural information on Ere Agbe radio broadcasts in the Oke-Ogun Area of Oyo State. Data were collected on appropriateness, utilization of agricultural information, and constraints to access, from 160 farmer-listeners using an interview schedule. The appropriateness of information was low (51.9%); 47.5% utilized information highly; irregular power supply (M = 1.3125) was the main constraint to information access. The perceived appropriateness (r = .89, p ≤ .05) and constraints faced (r = ?0.29, p ≤ .05) were significantly related to utilization of agricultural information. Broadcasts should address farmers' needs, while cheap, alternative power sources should be explored. 相似文献
16.
Anthony Temitope Idowu Thanasak Sae-Leaw Pornsatit Sookchoo Hideki Kishimura Nobuo Suzuki 《Journal Of Aquatic Food Product Technology》2013,22(7):772-780
Biocalcium powders, Bio-cal-H, and Bio-cal-A, obtained from non-alkaline treated and alkaline treated salmon frame were characterized. Glycine was the dominant amino acid (216.45–321.80 mg/g), followed by glutamic acid (102.52–110.38 mg/g), proline (72.96–96.10 mg/g), and hydroxyproline (72.98–83.75 mg/g) in both biocalcium powders. Bio-cal-H possessed a high abundance of volatile compounds such as 2-propanone, acetonitrile, and 2-butanone than Bio-cal-A. Bio-cal-A had a higher solubility in in vitro simulated gastrointestinal tract than Bio-cal-H and CaCO3 (P < .05). However, transportation of calcium across Caco-2 cell monolayer of Bio-cal-H was higher than Bio-cal-A and CaCO3 (P < .05). Overall, biocalcium could serve as a promising source of calcium supplementation. 相似文献
17.
Folorunso M. Akinseye Hakeem A. Ajegbe Alpha Y. Kamara Elijah A. Adefisan Anthony M. Whitbread 《Journal of plant nutrition》2020,43(6):834-850
AbstractThe Agricultural Production Systems simulator (APSIM) model was calibrated and evaluated using two improved sorghum varieties conducted in an experiment designed in a randomized complete block, 2014–2016 at two research stations in Nigeria. The results show that the model replicated the observed yield accounting for yield differences and variations in phenological development between the two sorghum cultivars. For early-maturing cultivar (ICSV-400), the model indicated by low accuracy with root means square error (RMSE) for biomass and grain yields of 20.3% and 23.7%. Meanwhile, Improved-Deko (medium-maturing) cultivar shows the model was calibrated with low RMSE (11.1% for biomass and 13.9% for grain). Also, the model captured yield response to varying Nitrogen (N) fertilizer applications in the three agroecological zones simulated. The N-fertilizer increased simulated grain yield by 26–52% for ICSV-400 and 19–50% for Improved-Deko compared to unfertilized treatment in Sudano-Sahelian zone. The insignificant yield differences between N-fertilizer rates of 60 and 100 kgha?1 suggests 60 kgNha?1 as the optimal rate for Sudano-Sahelian zone. Similarly, grain yield increased by 23–57% for ICSV-400 and 19–59% for Improved Deko compared to unfertilized N-treatment while the optimal mean grain yield was simulated at 80 kgNha?1 in the Sudan savanna zone. In the northern Guinea savanna, mean simulated grain yield increased by 8–20% for ICSV-400 and 12–23% for Improved-Deko when N-fertilizer was applied compared to unfertilized treatment. Optimum grain yield was obtained at 40 kgha?1. Our study suggests a review of blanket recommended fertilizer rates across semi-arid environments for sorghum to maximize productivity and eliminate fertilizer losses, means of adaptation strategies to climate variability. 相似文献