The palmate newt triturus helveticus helveticus (Raz.) in flanders (Belgium). Distribution and habitat preferences     

Ph.H. De Fonseca  R. Jocqué 《Biological conservation》1982,23(4):297-307

The distribution of the breeding sites of Triturus h. helveticus in Flanders is given. The influence of some geographical and ambient factors are analysed (altitude, geology, environment of the breeding site, its type, permanency, area, depth, current, exposure, turbidity, pH, the presence of fish, and pollution).  相似文献   

The Effects of the Decaffeination of Coffee Samples on Platelet Aggregation in Hyperlipidemic Rats     

Alessandra dos Santos Danziger Silvério  Rosemary Gualberto Fonseca Alvarenga Pereira  Adriene Ribeiro Lima  Fernanda Borges de Araújo Paula  Maria Rita Rodrigues  Lineu Baldissera Jr.  Stella Maris da Silveira Duarte 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》2013,68(3):268-273

The effect of coffee on cardiovascular diseases is still controversial. It is known that the process of decaffeination may influence the chemical constitution and, therefore, the biological effects of coffee. This study thus evaluated the effects of decaffeination on the levels of total phenols and chlorogenic acids in Coffea arabica L. samples, as well as the effects of ingesting both integral and decaffeinated coffee on the lipid profile and hemostatic and hematological parameters in normal and hyperlipidemic rats. Samples of integral and decaffeinated lyophilized coffee (Coffea arabica L., planted in Brazil) were used for chemical analysis (total phenols, chlorogenic acid and caffeine contents). For the bioassays, coffee beverages were prepared with non-lyophilized samples (10 % w/v) and were filtered and administered to animals by gavage (7.2 mL/kg/day) over 30 days. On the 31st day after beginning the treatment with coffee beverages, hyperlipidemia was induced to the animals by administering Triton WR-1339 (300 mg/kg body weight). On day 32, blood was taken to determine the lipid profile, platelet aggregation, prothrombin time, partially activated thromboplastin time and hemogram. The contents of both phenolic compounds and chlorogenic acid in the integral coffee beverage were significantly lower than those in the decaffeinated coffee beverage. The animals treated with Triton WR-1339 presented a mixed hyperlipidemia. Although the decaffeination process caused a relative increase in total phenols and chlorogenic acids, the coffee drinks were unable to change the lipid profile or the hemostatic and hematological parameters in the studied animals.  相似文献   

Effect of three feeding management systems on some reproductive parameters of Scorpion mud turtles (Kinosternon scorpioides) in Brazil     

Jamile da Costa Araújo  Priscila Vieira e Rosa  Maria das Dores Correia Palha  Paulo Borges Rodrigues  Rilke Tadeu Fonseca de Freitas  Alanna do Socorro Lima da Silva 《Tropical animal health and production》2013,45(3):729-735

Chelonians have been exploited since ancient times for their meat, eggs, fat, and offal, among other things. Among these animals, there is Scorpion mud turtle (Kinosternon scorpioides) which is an omnivorous turtle with semiaquatic habits and is widely consumed in Brazil. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of different feeding management systems on the reproductive performance of captive-bred Scorpion mud turtles, including egg quality and chemical composition. Study animals included 15 males and 48 females, divided into three groups. Animals were fed with either a commercial diet or a commercial diet supplemented with one of two different mixes (wet diet). All animals were fed at 1 % BW/day divided on Mondays, Wednesdays, and Fridays. Treatments were as follows: TR?=?100 % fish food (22 % CP); TRM1?=?70 % fish food?+?30 % mix 1 (bovine offal and fish); TRM2?=?70 % fish food?+?30 % mix 2 (bovine offal, fish, and shrimp). Samples were collected during 7 months, and eggs were identified, weighed, measured, and frozen for later analysis. Statistical analyses, including ANOVA, were performed using the program SAEG 9.0. Measurements taken from the nests were compared using the Tukey’s test (P?<?0.05). The different diets were associated with differential egg-laying performance and eggshell thickness. Animals fed with wet diets containing protein of animal origin displayed the best performance. Furthermore, nests with fewer eggs contained eggs of better external quality (e.g., greater length, width, and eggshell thickness). Finally, animals fed with only commercial feed produced eggs with lower saturated fatty acid content.  相似文献   

Acute small intestinal obstruction associated with Parascaris equorum infection in young horses: 25 cases (1985–2004)     

NC Cribb  NM Coté  LP Bouré  AS Peregrine 《New Zealand veterinary journal》2013,61(6):338-343

AIMS: To retrospectively evaluate the medical and surgical records of horses with acute small intestinal obstructions associated with Parascaris equorum infection; to describe the gastrointestinal lesions; and to determine the outcome of cases with such lesions.

METHODS: Records of 25 horses with acute small intestinal obstruction associated with P. equorum between 1985 and 2004 were reviewed to determine signalment, history, physical examination, surgical or post-mortem findings, and outcome.

RESULTS: All horses except one were less than 12 months old. Standardbreds were over-represented in the population studied. Sixteen horses (72%) had been administered anthelmintics, including pyrantel (n=8), ivermectin (n=7), and trichlorphon (n=1), within 24 h prior to the onset of colic. Of the 25 cases reviewed, 16 had simple obstructive ascarid impactions (SOAIs), and nine had complicated obstructive ascarid impaction (COAI) including volvulus (n=6) or intussusception (n=3), both concurrent with ascarid impaction of the small intestine. Short-term survival (discharge from hospital) occurred in 79% of horses treated for SOAI, and was 64% for all horses. Long-term survival (>1 year) occurred in 33% of horses with SOAI, and the overall long-term survival was 27% for all horses. Formation of adhesions was the most frequent finding associated with death for horses that did not survive long-term.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The incidence of anthelmintic treatment within 24 h of the onset of colic in this study population (72%) was higher than that previously reported. Resistance of P. equorum to ivermectin recently reported in Ontario may be associated with increased ascarid burdens, predisposing horses to ascarid impaction. The long-term survival of these horses was better than that reported previously.  相似文献   

Habitat structure,soil properties,and food availability do not predict terrestrial flatworms occurrence in Araucaria Forest sites     

Michelle Antunes  Ana Maria Leal-Zanchet  Carlos Roberto Fonseca 《Pedobiologia》2012,55(1):25-31

Flatworm community structure responds strongly to large-scale habitat alteration, with low diversity in disturbed environments. However, the ecological factors influencing small-scale distribution of flatworms are poorly understood. The aim of this study is to test if the occurrence of land planarians is influenced by microhabitat traits. The study was developed in two Araucaria Forest sites located in the São Francisco de Paula National Forest, southern Brazil. In each site, a 0.5 ha grid subdivided in 10 m² plots, was established. In 100 randomly selected plots, the occurrence and abundance of each land planarian species were recorded. For each plot, we also recorded information on six habitat structural traits, 21 soils properties, and 15 prey availability parameters. Sixty-six specimens were recorded, belonging to 21 species of land planarians. Although the two areas differed in relation to 17 ecological factors analyzed, mean flatworm density did not significantly differ between the two studied areas. The pattern of their abundance followed a Poisson distribution, suggesting that flatworms were randomly distributed throughout the study area. Simple logistic regressions and a multiple logistic regression, controlled for spatial autocorrelation, showed no evidence that the occurrence of terrestrial flatworms is controlled by habitat structure, prey availability or soil properties. In addition, a Principal Component Analysis, controlled for spatial autocorrelation, generated three main axes that represented 40.7% of the variation of the 42 ecological traits. This analysis showed very similar distribution of plots with and without flatworms along these three axes. The results suggest that land flatworms exhibit no pronounced microhabitat preferences inside undisturbed Araucaria Forest sites.  相似文献   

Evaluation of the Influence of Natural and Antrhopogenic Processes on Water Quality in Karstic Region     

Maria Lúcia Calijuri  Eduardo de Aguiar do Couto  Aníbal da Fonseca Santiago  Rodrigo de Arruda Camargo  Marcos D. F. M. e Silva 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2012,223(5):2157-2168

This paper presents a comprehensive study on the quality of surface and groundwater in an environmentally sensitive karstic watershed strongly pressed by urban growth. The objective of the study was to assess the integrated effects of human activities and natural characteristics of karstic environments on the quality of surface and groundwater using multivariate statistical techniques. Data from 18 physical, chemical, and microbiological water quality variables obtained throughout a hydrological year were analyzed using principal components analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis. The PCA was carried out individually for surface water and groundwater. Our goal was to study the behavior of the water quality variables at each of these systems, as well as to infer the importance of these variables on the dynamics of the water resources in the region. Our results for surface water showed that the 18 original variables could be reduced to five principal components which together accounted for 69% of the total variation in the data, whereas for groundwater, 70% of the total variation in the data was explained by five principal components. In order to evaluate the impacts of anthropic activities on the water quality at the monitoring locations, the cluster analysis was applied to the ten sampling points. The analysis identified five clusters, two of which are formed by points with low contamination levels and three where the anthropic interference is noticeable. The results suggest the existence of specific contamination sources in many points, including in the groundwater, and highlight the natural vulnerability of the karstic environments.  相似文献   

Effects of the Consumption of Caffeinated and Decaffeinated Instant Coffee Beverages on Oxidative Stress Induced by Strenuous Exercise in Rats   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

Viana AL  Fonseca Md  Meireles EL  Duarte SM  Rodrigues MR  Paula FB 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》2012,67(1):82-87

Many authors attribute the antioxidant activity of brewed coffee to its caffeine content. In addition, caffeine intake has been associated with increased performance during physical exercise. This study analyzed the in vivo effects of drinking caffeinated and decaffeinated instant coffee (8%, w/v) on oxidative stress and antioxidant enzyme activity in the anterior tibialis muscles of rats subjected to intense exercise. It was observed that exercise induced lipid peroxidation (estimated using malondialdehyde) and protein oxidation (evaluated by determining the formation of carbonyl groups) in the muscle (P < 0.05). Decaffeinated instant coffee and caffeine solution did not exhibit antioxidant activity in vivo. Caffeinated instant coffee beverage intake did not induce changes in superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activities but was able to diminish lipid and protein oxidation in the anterior tibialis muscles of rats after exercise (P < 0.05), contributing to a reduction in the oxidative stress triggered by exercise.  相似文献   

Towards an ecologically-sustainable forestry in the Atlantic Forest     

Carlos R. Fonseca  Gislene Ganade  Ronei Baldissera  Carlos R. Boelter  Lucas M. Campos  Vanda S. Fonseca  Fernando Joner  Ana M. Leal-Zanchet  Alex S. Mesquita  Claudia P. Paz  Fabio N. Piovensan  Anamaria Stranz  Emerson M. Vieira 《Biological conservation》2009,142(6):1209-31

Since pristine Atlantic Forest remnants are vanishing, and biological reserves are in short, conservation of biodiversity will largely depend on proper management of the anthropogenic matrix. Here, we test (1) the effectiveness of ecologically-managed tree monocultures in maintaining Araucaria Forest biodiversity, (2) how this effectiveness change among taxa, and (3) we discuss management principles that can be used by the forestry industry in order to contribute positively to biodiversity conservation. The study was conducted in the São Francisco de Paula National Forest, southern Brazil, an environmental mosaic composed mostly of patches of Araucaria Forest and ecologically-managed monocultures of Araucaria, Pinus and Eucalyptus. Using standardized sampling methods in these four main habitats, we have recorded the richness and species composition of small mammals, birds, leaf-litter frogs, butterflies, galling insects, spiders, opiliones, flatworms, woody plants, epiphytic angiosperms, epiphytic ferns, lichens, and fruit-body producing fungi. Overall, we recorded 506 species in Araucaria Forest, 181 (36%) of which were exclusive of this habitat while 325 (64%) could be found in at least one monoculture. Distribution patterns of species richness and number of records across taxonomic groups showed that a large biodiversity can be found inside ecologically-managed plantations of Araucaria, Pinus, and Eucalyptus. For all studied taxa, except for epiphytic angiosperms and fruit-body producing fungi, more than half of the Araucaria Forest species could be found living on monocultures. We discuss how the actual management practices of the forest industry can be improved to contribute positively to the conservation of the Atlantic Forest biodiversity.  相似文献   

Clinical, cytological and histopathological evaluation of mammary masses in cats from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil     

Amorim FV  Souza HJ  Ferreira AM  Fonseca AB 《Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery》2006,8(6):379-388

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Intake,digestibility, performance,and carcass traits of beef cattle of different gender     

Lage IN  Paulino PV  Pires CV  Villela SD  Duarte Mde S  Valadares Filho Sde C  Paulino MF  Maia BA  Silva LH  Teixeira CR 《Tropical animal health and production》2012,44(2):361-367

The performance, intake, feed efficiency, and carcass traits of beef cattle from different gender profile were assessed. Fifteen animals (five steers, five spayed heifers, and five intact heifers) with ±250 kg of initial body weight were randomly assigned in individual pens and fed the same diet for 106 days. At the end of the trial, all the animals were slaughtered and the pH, temperature, and weight of the carcass were recorded. The right side of each carcass was then separated into chuck, shoulder, flank sirloin, and round for evaluation of commercial cuts yield. The left carcass sides were ribbed between the 12th and 13th ribs where the rib eye area and fat thickness measurements were taken. The 9th–11th rib section was removed from the left half carcass and then dissected into muscle, fat, and bones in order to estimate carcass composition. Gender had no effect (P > 0.05) on performance, intake, digestibility of dry matter and all the nutrients evaluated, feed efficiency, and carcass characteristics. It can be concluded that steers and heifers (spayed or not) have the same potential to produce beef. From a productive and welfare standpoint, there is no reason to spay heifers.  相似文献