Occurrence of false-positive results in three Paratuberculosis - ELISAs performed in a tuberculous herd     

W. Lilenbaum  C. D. Marassi  R. Varges  L. Medeiros  W. M. R. Oelemann  L. S. Fonseca 《Veterinary research communications》2009,33(7):693-699

The interference of bovine tuberculosis (TB) on the efficacy of paratuberculosis (PTB) diagnostic tests has been evaluated. A group of 32 tuberculous cows identified by both intradermal tests and gamma-interferon assay, 16 of them confirmed by the recovery of M.bovis from tissues, was tested by three different PTB- ELISAs, being two commercials and one in-house. The rest of the adult animals of the herds, totalizing 216 TB-negative animals, were also tested as a control group. Fecal culture for PTB was negative in all animals, but seven (21.8%) tuberculous cows produced false-positive reactions when tested by various PTB-ELISAs, leading to a misdiagnosis. Tuberculosis impairs the specificity of serological tests for paratuberculosis diagnosis and should be considered for the reliability of PTB control programs.  相似文献   

Protected Areas, Subsistence Farming Systems and Nature Conservation     

Luis Tiberio  Filipa Manso  Ana  Marta-Costa Carlos  Fonseca Aurora  Monzon 《农业科学与技术》2012,(3):402-411

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Development and application of reverse transcriptase nested polymerase chain reaction test for the detection of exogenous avian leukosis virus   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

García M  El-Attrache J  Riblet SM  Lunge VR  Fonseca AS  Villegas P  Ikuta N 《Avian diseases》2003,47(1):41-53

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Wilt and die‐back of Eucalyptus spp. caused by Erwinia psidii in Brazil     

D. A. A. Arriel  N. R. Fonseca  L. M. S. Guimarães  P. S. Hermenegildo  R. G. Mafia  N. Borges Júnior  H. P. de Souza  A. C. Alfenas 《Forest Pathology》2014,44(4):255-265

A new disease of unknown bacterial aetiology has been observed in eucalyptus stands since 2009. It is characterized by die‐back, wilting and lesions on the branches, petiole and midrib in association with macroscopic and microscopic bacterial ooze. To date, this disease has been observed in stands of clonal Eucalyptus saligna, E. grandis and E. urophylla x E. grandis hybrids and in E. dunnii seedling plantations in the states of São Paulo, Rio Grande do Sul and Mato Grosso do Sul. Considering the economic importance of eucalyptus plantations and the potential losses caused by this disease, this study aimed to identify and characterize the causal agent. Thirty‐four strains were obtained from infected plants, which were collected in the field from four locations. The inoculation of detached leaves and intact rooted cuttings supported pathogenicity in eucalyptus. The phylogenetic analysis of four housekeeping genes (16S rDNA, gapA, recA and rpoB) as well as biochemical tests confirmed the identity of strains belonging to the species Erwinia psidii. This is the first report of E. psidii as the cause of wilt and die‐back in Eucalyptus spp. in Brazil.  相似文献   

Is the Santa Inês sheep a typical non-seasonal breeder in the Brazilian Southeast?     

Mario Felipe Alvarez Balaro  Jeferson Ferreira da Fonseca  Eunice Oba  Elyzabeth da Cruz Cardoso  Felipe Zandonadi Brandão 《Tropical animal health and production》2014,46(8):1533-1537

This study aimed to characterize the annual reproductive cycle of Santa Inês sheep in the Fluminense lowland region (latitude 22° 27′ 45″ south, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil) between September 2011 and August 2012. Ten ewes were maintained in a semi-intensive system under natural photoperiods with access to pasture and shelter. Blood samples were collected every 2 weeks to determine plasma progesterone concentrations. The body condition score (BCS) was determined each month. There was no seasonal variation in the plasma progesterone concentration from the months of September to January, April, and May to August. In the months of February and April, the plasma hormone levels were higher than August to November. Seventy percent (7/10) of the sheep studied had short seasonal anestrus. The periods of anestrus were concentrated between the months of September and December (spring season) in 85.7 % (6/7) of the cases evaluated. In these cases, 57.1 % (4/7) also had short periods of reproductive inactivity during other months of the year. The progesterone values obtained in the spring corroborate the higher reproductive anestrus observed in this season. Higher plasma progesterone values were found in summer and autumn with reduction in the winter to lower values in the spring. No changes in the BCS during the study period were observed. Under the studied conditions, the Santa Inês sheep showed a low degree of reproductive seasonality. However, some individual ewes had seasonal anestrus during the spring. Further studies that include management techniques are needed to improve reproductive efficiency without hormone therapy in this breed under tropical conditions.  相似文献   

Genetic parameter estimation for pre- and post-weaning traits in Brahman cattle in Brazil     

Giovana Vargas  Marcos Eli Buzanskas  Diego Gomes Freire Guidolin  Daniela do Amaral Grossi  Alexandre da Silva Bonifácio  Raysildo Barbosa Lôbo  Ricardo da Fonseca  João Ademir de Oliveira  Danísio Prado Munari 《Tropical animal health and production》2014,46(7):1271-1278

Beef cattle producers in Brazil use body weight traits as breeding program selection criteria due to their great economic importance. The objectives of this study were to evaluate different animal models, estimate genetic parameters, and define the most fitting model for Brahman cattle body weight standardized at 120 (BW120), 210 (BW210), 365 (BW365), 450 (BW450), and 550 (BW550) days of age. To estimate genetic parameters, single-, two-, and multi-trait analyses were performed using the animal model. The likelihood ratio test was verified between all models. For BW120 and BW210, additive direct genetic, maternal genetic, maternal permanent environment, and residual effects were considered, while for BW365 and BW450, additive direct genetic, maternal genetic, and residual effects were considered. Finally, for BW550, additive direct genetic and residual effects were considered. Estimates of direct heritability for BW120 were similar in all analyses; however, for the other traits, multi-trait analysis resulted in higher estimates. The maternal heritability and proportion of maternal permanent environmental variance to total variance were minimal in multi-trait analyses. Genetic, environmental, and phenotypic correlations were of high magnitude between all traits. Multi-trait analyses would aid in the parameter estimation for body weight at older ages because they are usually affected by a lower number of animals with phenotypic information due to culling and mortality.  相似文献   

Supplementation of suckling beef calves with different levels of crude protein on tropical pasture   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

Sidnei Antonio Lopes  Mário Fonseca Paulino  Edenio Detmann  Sebastião de Campos Valadares Filho  Ériton Egídio Lisboa Valente  Lívia Vieira Barros  Javier Enrique Garces Cardenas  Daniel Mageste Almeida  Leandro Soares Martins  Aline Gomes Silva 《Tropical animal health and production》2014,46(2):379-384

The effects of supplementation with different levels of crude protein on performance, intake and nutrient digestibility and efficiency of microbial protein synthesis in suckling beef calves on pasture were assessed. Fifty-five calves, with an average age of 100 days and an initial average body weight of 110?±?7.5 kg and their respective dams, were used. The experimental design was completely randomised with five treatments and 11 replications. The experimental treatments for calves were as follows: control = calves received only mineral mixture; supplementation levels = calves received supplement containing 8, 19, 30 or 41 % of crude protein (CP, at a rate of 0.5 % of body weight (BW)). The cows received only mineral mixture ad libitum. Supplemented calves had higher (P?<?0.1) average daily gain (ADG). Protein levels showed a quadratic effect (P?<?0.1) on average daily gain (ADG) of calves. There was no difference in total dry matter (DM) intake (P?>?0.1). However, intake of dry matter forage (DMF) presented cubic profiles (P?<?0.1), with CP levels in the supplements. Supplementation increased (P?<?0.1) the digestibility of nutrients, except for the digestibility of neutral detergent fibre. Supplementation increased (P?<?0.1) the production of microbial nitrogen and N losses in urine. It can be concluded that multiple supplementations optimise the performance of beef calves on creep feeding. The intake of supplements with CP levels between 8 and 30 % partially replaces of the pasture ingested by calves and increases the digestibility of the diet.  相似文献   

Tuberculosis prevalence and risk factors for water buffalo in Pará, Brazil     

José D. Barbosa  Jenevaldo B. da Silva  Charles P. Rangel  Adivaldo H. da Fonseca  Natália S. Silva  Henrique A. Bomjardim  Nayra F. Q. R. Freitas 《Tropical animal health and production》2014,46(3):513-517

The prevalence of and possible risk factors for tuberculosis were studied in water buffalo from Pará, Brazil. In this study, 3,917 pregnant and nonpregnant female Murrah and Mediterranean buffaloes were studied; 2,089 originated from Marajó Island, and 1,108 were from the mainland. The comparative cervical tuberculin test was used as a diagnostic test for tuberculosis in these animals. The prevalence of positive buffaloes was 3.5 % (100/2,809) on Marajó Island and 7.2 % (80/1,108) on the mainland. The municipalities with the highest tuberculosis prevalence rates in animals were Ipixuna do Pará (10.1 %), Marapanim (9.8 %), Chaves (9.4 %), Paragominas (8.6 %), and Cachoeira do Arari (6.7 %). The tuberculosis prevalence was not significantly different between the Murrah (4.3 %) and Mediterranean (4.8 %) breeds or between pregnant (5 %) and nonpregnant (4.3 %) buffaloes. Tuberculosis was detected in water buffaloes from Pará, Brazil; the mainland buffalo exhibited the highest tuberculosis prevalence. These results indicate that this disease is dangerous to public health and buffalo farming in Pará.  相似文献   

Systemic Immunosuppression by Methylprednisolone and Pregnancy Rates in Goats Undergoing the Transfer of Cloned Embryos     

C Feltrin  CA Cooper  N Mohamad‐Fauzi  VHV Rodrigues  LH Aguiar  S Gaudencio‐Neto  LT Martins  CEM Calderón  AS Morais  IS Carneiro  TM Almeida  ING Silva  JL Rodrigues  EA Maga  JD Murray  AB Libório  LR Bertolini  M Bertolini 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2014,49(4):648-656

The presence of the zona pellucida has been perceived as a requirement for the oviductal transfer of cloned embryos at early stages of development while protecting the embryo from an immune system response. We hypothesized that steroid hormone therapy could reduce a potential cellular immune response after the transfer of zona‐free cloned embryos into the oviduct of recipient female goats. In Experiment 1, seven does were used to study the systemic immunosuppressant effect of the methylprednisolone administration (for 3 days) on blood cell counts. Whole blood was collected prior to treatment with methyprednisolone and then on Days 1, 2, 3, 4, 7, 14, 21 and 28 after the first dose of methylprednisolone for the analysis of haematological parameters. Methylprednisolone treatment significantly reduced circulating white blood cells and neutrophils in comparison with pre‐treatment levels, demonstrating a systemic immunosuppressant effect. In Experiment 2, a group of 58 does were used as recipient females to study the effect of administration of methylprednisolone for 3 days on the establishment of pregnancies after the transfer of zona‐free cloned embryos into the oviducts. No effects on pregnancy rates on Day 30 were observed regarding the distinct treatment groups (control vs. methylprednisolone), the source of oocytes (in vivo‐ vs in vitro‐matured) or the presence or absence of the zona pellucida in embryos. In summary, methylprednisolone was effective at inducing a systemic immunosuppressed state in goats, but the treatment prior to embryo transfer did not affect pregnancy rates. Moreover, pregnancy rates were similar between zona‐free and zona‐intact goat cloned embryos.  相似文献   

Presence of Leptin and Its Receptor in the Hypothalamus,Uterus and Ovaries of Swine Females Culled with Distinct Ovarian Statuses and Parities     

F Moreira  SMM Gheller  RG Mondadori  AS Varela Júnior  CD Corcini  T Lucia Jr 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2014,49(6):1074-1078

Leptin acts on energy metabolism, affecting reproductive functions through activation of its receptors in the brain and in reproductive organs. This study compared the presence of leptin and its receptor (ObR‐b) in hypothalamus neurons, endometrial glands and oocytes of culled swine females across ovarian statuses and parities. Immunohistochemistry was done in samples of uterus, ovaries and hypothalamus from 28 culled females, using polyclonal antibodies antileptin and ObR‐b. Immunolabelling was compared for sows categorized by parity at culling (0, 1, 2–4 and <4) and ovarian status (luteal and follicular phases of the oestrous cycle and with cysts). Immunolabelling for leptin and ObR‐b in neurons and oocytes was weaker in females with cysts (p < 0.05) than in those at the follicular phase. In endometrial glands, leptin immunolabelling was less intense in females with cysts (p < 0.05), but immunolabelling for ObR‐b was similar across ovarian statuses (p > 0.05). In sows culled with 2–4 parities, leptin immunolabelling in neurons and endometrial glands was more intense than in nulliparous females (p < 0.05). In comparison with sows culled at greater parities, ObR‐b immunolabelling for nulliparous females was less intense in endometrial glands and in oocytes (p < 0.05), but more intense in neurons (p < 0.05). Thus, in swine, the presence of leptin and ObR‐b varies across parities and is more intense in the uterus, ovaries and hypothalamus of females that were cycling before culling than in those having cystic ovaries.  相似文献