Strong fisheries management and governance positively impact ecosystem status          下载免费PDF全文

Alida Bundy  Ratana Chuenpagdee  Jennifer L Boldt  Maria de Fatima Borges  Mohamed Lamine Camara  Marta Coll  Ibrahima Diallo  Clive Fox  Elizabeth A Fulton  Ayse Gazihan  Astrid Jarre  Didier Jouffre  Kristin M Kleisner  Ben Knight  Jason Link  Patroba P Matiku  Hicham Masski  Dimitrios K Moutopoulos  Chiara Piroddi  Tiit Raid  Ignacio Sobrino  Jorge Tam  Djiga Thiao  Maria Angeles Torres  Konstantinos Tsagarakis  Gro I van der Meeren  Yunne‐Jai Shin 《Fish and Fisheries》2017,18(3):412-439

Fisheries have had major negative impacts on marine ecosystems, and effective fisheries management and governance are needed to achieve sustainable fisheries, biodiversity conservation goals and thus good ecosystem status. To date, the IndiSeas programme (Indicators for the Seas) has focussed on assessing the ecological impacts of fishing at the ecosystem scale using ecological indicators. Here, we explore fisheries ‘Management Effectiveness’ and ‘Governance Quality’ and relate this to ecosystem health and status. We developed a dedicated expert survey, focused at the ecosystem level, with a series of questions addressing aspects of management and governance, from an ecosystem‐based perspective, using objective and evidence‐based criteria. The survey was completed by ecosystem experts (managers and scientists) and results analysed using ranking and multivariate methods. Results were further examined for selected ecosystems, using expert knowledge, to explore the overall findings in greater depth. Higher scores for ‘Management Effectiveness’ and ‘Governance Quality’ were significantly and positively related to ecosystems with better ecological status. Key factors that point to success in delivering fisheries and conservation objectives were as follows: the use of reference points for management, frequent review of stock assessments, whether Illegal, Unreported and Unregulated (IUU) catches were being accounted for and addressed, and the inclusion of stakeholders. Additionally, we found that the implementation of a long‐term management plan, including economic and social dimensions of fisheries in exploited ecosystems, was a key factor in successful, sustainable fisheries management. Our results support the thesis that good ecosystem‐based management and governance, sustainable fisheries and healthy ecosystems go together.  相似文献   

Using a videographic system to assess spray droplet impaction and reflection from leaf and artificial surfaces     

Donald L. Reichard  Jane A. Cooper  Martin J. Bukovac  Robert D. Fox 《Pest management science》1998,53(4):291-299

A video motion analysis system was used with two different monodisperse droplet generators to quantify droplet impaction and any consequent reflection. By using different magnification/droplet generator combinations, droplet impaction was detailed at various stages. Low (7×) magnification, together with a generator that produced a spray cloud, allowed determination of the height and numbers of droplets reflected from plant surfaces. Higher (15×) magnification and a single-drop generator enabled the trajectory, and changes in velocity, of a rebounding droplet to be followed. By using high (90×) magnification and the single-drop generator, detailed measurements of a droplet deforming on impact could be made. Examples of how these techniques could be used are given. © 1998 SCI  相似文献   

Pilot-Plant Wet-Milling Process for Producing Corn Gluten Meal     

S. Wu  D. J. Myers  L. A. Johnson  S. R. Fox  S. K. Singh 《Cereal Chemistry》1997,74(3):264-267

A pilot-plant wet-milling process was specially used to produce corn gluten meal (CGM) with a relatively high protein content (49.8% from Pioneer 3394 and 53.7% from Wilson D110). The protein content of the CGM obtained from a starch table in our pilot-plant procedure was similar to the results obtained by using the hydrocyclone method. Wilson D110 has a higher protein content in its corn kernels, producing higher yield and protein content gluten than the Pioneer 3394, which has lower protein content in the corn. The effects of drying method and temperature on the color of CGM were also discussed.  相似文献   

THE EFFECT OF FERTILIZER NITROGEN ON SILAGE FERMENTATION     

J. B. Fox  S. M. Brown 《Grass and Forage Science》1969,24(1):23-24

Direct-cut grass which has been heavily fertilized often produces silage with a poor fermentation. An investigation was carried out to study the effect of rate and timing of N applications to herbage intended for direct-cut silage. A small but consistent increase in silage pH was recorded after high levels of N were applied 7–8 weeks before cutting. The application of additional N fertilizer 10–14 days before cutting the sward had an adverse effect on silage fermentation. Changes in herbage composition following different levels of applied N are outlined.  相似文献   

Some Properties of 2,3,5-Triphenyltetrazolium Chloride and Several Iodo Derivatives     

Atkinson E  Melvin S  Fox SW 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1950,111(2885):385-387

  相似文献   

核盘菌对多菌灵抗药性及其发展   总被引：5，自引：1，他引：5  

杨谦 Fox  TRV 《东北林业大学学报》1995,23(5):9-13

测定了核盘菌（Ｓｃｌｅｒｏｔｉｎｉａ ｓｃｌｅｒｏｔｉｏｒｕｍ）不同菌株对多菌灵的抗性水平ＥＣ５０，观察了其中一个菌株的抗药性发展变化情况，以了解药剂本身对抗药性的发展是否具有诱导作用。结果表明：所测不同菌株对多菌灵的抗性水平相似，同属于敏感型；经多代的多菌灵处理以后，其抗药性有所提高，表现为ＥＣ５０的提高和在含多菌灵培养基上生长能力的增强。  相似文献   

Review of climate change impacts on marine aquaculture in the UK and Ireland     

Ruth Callaway  Andrew P. Shinn  Suzanne E. Grenfell  James E. Bron  Gavin Burnell  Elizabeth J. Cook  Margaret Crumlish  Sarah Culloty  Keith Davidson  Robert P. Ellis  Kevin J. Flynn  Clive Fox  Darren M. Green  Graeme C. Hays  Adam D. Hughes  Erin Johnston  Christopher D. Lowe  Ingrid Lupatsch  Shelagh Malham  Anouska F. Mendzil  Thom Nickell  Tom Pickerell  Andrew F. Rowley  Michele S. Stanley  Douglas R. Tocher  James F. Turnbull  Gemma Webb  Emma Wootton  Robin J. Shields 《水产资源保护:海洋与淡水生态系统》2012,22(3):389-421

Comparison of Laboratory and Pilot-Plant Corn Wet-Milling Procedures     

S. K. Singh  L. A. Johnson  L. M. Pollak  S. R. Fox  T. B. Bailey 《Cereal Chemistry》1997,74(1):40-48

One waxy and three regular yellow dent corn hybrids were wet milled by using two scales of laboratory procedures (modified 100-g and 1-kg) and a pilot-plant procedure (10-kg). The modified 100-g and 1-kg laboratory procedures gave similar yields of wet-milling fractions. Starch yields and recoveries were significantly lower for the pilot-plant procedure, whereas gluten and fiber yields were greater because of their high contents of unrecovered starch. Protein contents of the starches obtained by all three procedures were within commercially acceptable limits (<0.50% db for normal dent corn and <0.30% for waxy corn). Rankings for starch yields and starch recoveries for the four hybrids, having very different physical and compositional properties, were the same for all three procedures. The harder the grain, the lower the yield and recovery of starch. Least significant differences (P < 0.05) for starch yield were 0.8% for the modified 100-g procedure, 1.2% for the 1-kg procedure, and 2.0% for the pilot-plant procedure.  相似文献   

Variation Among Physical,Compositional, and Wet‐Milling Characteristics of the F1 Generation of Corn Hybrids of Introgressed Exotic and Adapted Inbred Lines     

Oswaldo Taboada‐Gaytan  Linda M. Pollak  Lawrence A. Johnson  Steven R. Fox  Kevin T. Montgomery 《Cereal Chemistry》2010,87(3):175-181

Hybrids with high grain yield and higher starch, protein, or oil content are available to corn growers; however, they result from crossing adapted Corn Belt inbred lines that rarely include exotic germplasm. This study was conducted to determine whether Corn Belt lines introgressed with exotic materials from Argentina, Chile, Uruguay, Cuba, and Florida have appropriate wet‐milling characteristics in their hybrids. Ten lines from the Germplasm Enhancement of Maize (GEM) project with different starch contents were crossed to three adapted inbred lines used as testers. The B73×Mo17 hybrid was used as a control. The F₁ generation of these 30 experimental hybrids was analyzed using both near‐infrared transmittance (NIT) technology and a 100‐g modified wet‐milling procedure, and measuring test and 1,000‐kernel weight. There was great variation among physical, compositional, and wet‐milling characteristics of the experimental hybrids, suggesting that exotic germplasm can be used to improve wet‐milling characteristics of Corn Belt hybrids.  相似文献