Genetic diversity, inbreeding and breeding practices in dogs: results from pedigree analyses   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Leroy G 《Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997)》2011,189(2):177-182

Pedigree analysis constitutes a classical approach for the study of the evolution of genetic diversity, genetic structure, history and breeding practices within a given breed. As a consequence of selection pressure, management in closed populations and historical bottlenecks, many dog breeds have experienced considerable inbreeding and show (on the basis of a pedigree approach) comparable diversity loss compared to other domestic species. This evolution is linked to breeding practices such as the overuse of popular sires or mating between related animals. The popular sire phenomenon is the most problematic breeding practice, since it has also led to the dissemination of a large number of inherited defects. The practice should be limited by taking measures such as restricting the number of litters (or offspring) per breeding animal.  相似文献   

Mycobacterium microti infection in the cat: a case report, literature review and recent clinical experience     

Rüfenacht S  Bögli-Stuber K  Bodmer T  Jaunin VF  Jmaa DC  Gunn-Moore DA 《Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery》2011,13(3):195-204

OVERVIEW: Mycobacterium microti infection is infrequently described in cats in the veterinary literature. It can be one of a large number of possible differential diagnoses in a feline patient with dermal nodules and non-healing draining ulcers, and can occasionally spread to involve the lungs and/or other areas of the body. CASE SUMMARY: This report describes the clinical signs, eventual diagnosis and variable response to treatment in a cat in Switzerland with recurrent cutaneous M microti infection. Only after several diagnostic and therapeutic attempts, over more than 2 years, was the species of Mycobacterium finally identified and targeted therapy given. PRACTICAL RELEVANCE: For any cat in which there is even a low suspicion of mycobacterial infection, the authors recommend that an aggressive diagnostic approach is taken. Tissue specimens should be collected and frozen early on, and, as soon as acid-fast bacilli are detected, samples should be sent to a mycobacterial reference laboratory for definitive identification. LITERATURE REVIEW: A review of the literature relating to the aetiopathogenesis, diagnosis and management of M microti infection in cats and dogs is included. This is supplemented with clinical and therapeutic experience gained from this case and other, unpublished cases managed over the past 15 years by one of the authors (DGM).  相似文献   

Assay of two 10% (w/v) fipronil spot-on formulations against feline infestations with Ctenocephalides felis     

Cadiergues MC  Bonneau SG  Fourier JJ 《Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery》2011,13(4):304-308

A new fipronil-based spot-on formulation was evaluated against experimental flea infestations in cats in two studies. In both studies, eight cats served as negative controls (groups 1 and 4); on day 0, eight cats were treated with a 10% w/v fipronil-based spot-on solution (Effipro Spot-on, 0.5ml per cat, groups 2 and 5) and eight cats served as positive controls (Frontline Spot-on, 0.5ml per cat, groups 3 and 6). Each cat was infested on day - 1 with 50 fleas (study 1) and weekly (day 7-day 56) with 100 fleas (study 2). Geometric mean flea counts obtained 48h after the treatment or each re-infestation were reduced by 99.0 and 98.3% in groups 2 and 3, respectively, on day 2, compared to the negative control group. Cats were protected from re-infestations with an efficacy >99% for 58 days in group 5 and for 37 days in group 6.  相似文献   

Intracranial meningioma causing partial amaurosis in a cat     

Goulle F  Meige F  Durieux F  Malet C  Toulza O  Isard PF  Peiffer RL  Dulaurent T 《Veterinary ophthalmology》2011,14(Z1):93-98

Objective To describe a case of intracranial meningioma causing visual impairment in a cat, successfully treated by surgery. Procedures An adult neutered male domestic cat was referred with a 10‐month history of progressive visual impairment and altered behavior. Investigations included physical, ophthalmologic and neurological examinations as well as hematology, serum biochemistry and CT scan of the head. Results The menace response was absent in the left eye and decreased in the right eye. Electroretinograms were normal on both eyes, as was ophthalmic examination, ruling out an ocular cause and allowing a presumptive diagnosis of partial amaurosis due to a post‐retinal lesion. CT scan demonstrated a large sessile extra axial mass along the right parietal bone and thickening of the adjacent bone. Cerebrospinal fluid was not collected because high intracranial pressure represented a risk for brain herniation. A right rostrotentorial craniectomy was performed to remove the tumor. Ten days after surgery, vision was improved, neurological examination was normal and normal behavior was restored. Ten months after surgery, ophthalmological examination showed no visual deficit and CT scan did not reveal any sign of recurrence. Conclusion Advanced imaging techniques allow veterinarians to detect early cerebral diseases and to provide specific treatment when it is possible. In cases of feline amaurosis due to intracranial meningioma, the vital prognosis is good while the visual prognosis is more uncertain, but recovery of normal vision and normal behavior is possible as demonstrated in the present case.  相似文献   

Comparison of the pig and feline models for full thickness corneal transplantation     

Brunette I  Rosolen SG  Carrier M  Abderrahman M  Nada O  Germain L  Proulx S 《Veterinary ophthalmology》2011,14(6):365-377

Purpose The goal of this study was to report on the advantages and limitations of the pig and feline models for experimental in vivo corneal transplantation. Methods Ten healthy domestic pigs and ten healthy cats were used. Full thickness penetrating keratoplasty was performed using autologous (eight cases), allogeneic (seven cases) or human xenogeneic (three cases) tissue. In two other cases, the inflammatory response to partial thickness trephination (without transplantation) was evaluated. Eyes were assessed daily before and after surgery by slit‐lamp, pachymetry, and tonometry. A transparency score ranging from 0 (opaque graft) to 4 (clear graft) was used, based on the slit‐lamp examination. Optical coherence tomography, histology, and electron microscopy were performed postmortem. Results In the pig, the mean (±SD) transparency score for the eight full thickness grafts was 0.88 ± 0.99, ranging from 0 to 3. In the feline model, the mean transparency score for the seven uncomplicated grafts was 3.93 ± 0.19, ranging from 3.5 to 4. Both negative controls without endothelium remained opaque at all time. Intraoperative tendency for iris incarceration into the wound, rapid corneal swelling, suture cheese wiring, and postoperative intraocular inflammation were the main factors jeopardizing the functional success of the corneal transplant in the pig model. Conclusion Suboptimal functional results were obtained after full thickness corneal transplantation in the pig model, while in the feline model, the same protocol yielded uneventful surgeries and clear transplants, with functional results similar to those achieved in human subjects.  相似文献   

The use of different doses of metamizol for post-operative analgesia in dogs     

Imagawa VH  Fantoni DT  Tatarunas AC  Mastrocinque S  Almeida TF  Ferreira F  Posso IP 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2011,38(4):385-393

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Molecular and serological detection of Babesia spp. in neotropical and exotic carnivores in Brazilian zoos     

André MR  Adania CH  Teixeira RH  Allegretti SM  Machado RZ 《Journal of zoo and wildlife medicine》2011,42(1):139-143

Large and small piroplasms have been observed in the blood smears of various wild carnivores, but few studies utilizing molecular characterization have been done. The goal of this present study was to investigate the presence of Babesia sp. by molecular and serologic techniques in exotic and neotropical carnivores maintained in captivity at Brazilian zoos. Blood and sera samples were collected from 146 Brazilian wild felids, 21 exotic felids, 1 genet (Genetta tigrina), 3 European wolves (Canis lupus), and 94 Brazilian wild canids in Brazilian zoos in the S?o Paulo and Mato Grosso states and in the Federal District. A total of 53 wild felids (31.74%) and 10 wild canids (10.31%) were seropositive for Babesia canis by Indirect Fluorescent Antibody Test (IFAT). Antibodies were detected in ocelots, little-spotted cats, margays, pampas cats, jaguars, pumas, jaguarundis, crab-eating foxes, and bush dogs. Babesia sp. DNA, with high similarity to B. leo, was detected in one pampas cat and one genet.  相似文献   

Removal of an intracoelomic hook via laparotomy in a sandbar shark (Carcharhinus plumbeus)     

Lécu A  Herbert R  Coulier L  Murray MJ 《Journal of zoo and wildlife medicine》2011,42(2):256-262

A twenty-one-year-old male sandbar shark (Carcharhinus plumbeus) demonstrated signs of chronic weight loss even though its appetite remained unchanged. In addition, the gradual development of a red, circular lesion on its ventral body was noted. After months without any significant changes, a ventral fistula appeared revealing the tip of a wire exposed within its center. The shark was immobilized via intramuscular remote injection through dartgun with etomidate; removed from its exhibit tank; and clinically examined with radiographic imaging, a cell blood count/serum chemistry evaluation, and the use of a metal detector along the body wall. A metallic hook was identified in the coelom about 10 cm cranial to the external fistula. The shark was transferred to an isolation pool for 1 mo. A second immobilization via immersion in eugenol was conducted in order to perform a celiotomy. The hook was located in a liver lobe and was surgically removed. After a prolonged recovery from anesthesia, the shark was released into its primary tank and recovered uneventfully, although some of the skin sutures sloughed prematurely.  相似文献   

Blood parameters in Swedish dairy herds with high or low incidence of displaced abomasum or ketosis     

Stengärde L  Holtenius K  Emanuelson U  Hultgren J  Niskanen R  Tråvén M 《Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997)》2011,190(1):124-130

Sixty dairy herds were studied to investigate the association between long-term incidence of displaced abomasum and clinical ketosis and body condition score and blood profiles, including parameters estimating energy metabolism and hepatic lipidosis in the periparturient period and early lactation. Blood samples were taken around parturition and in early lactation from cows without apparent clinical symptoms of metabolic disorders. A difference in metabolism between high and low incidence herds was shown post-partum by a lower metabolic index (the revised Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index, RQUICKI), and tendencies for higher concentrations of glucose, insulin and non-esterified fatty acids in the high incidence herds. High incidence herds had more cows and produced on average 1400kg energy-corrected milk per cow per year more than the low incidence herds. No differences were found in parameters reflecting liver cell damage. In the first 3weeks post-partum the RQUICKI was a more sensitive marker of herds with a high incidence of displaced abomasum and clinical ketosis than any of the individual parameters, but further research is needed before practical applications of the RQUICKI can be foreseen.  相似文献   

Expression of 14-3-3 σ protein in normal and neoplastic canine mammary gland     

Suárez-Bonnet A  Herráez P  Martín de las Mulas J  Rodríguez F  Déniz JM  Espinosa de los Monteros A 《Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997)》2011,(3):345-351

14-3-3 σ protein is a negative cell cycle regulator, with both reduced and elevated levels associated with cancer in humans. This study assessed the expression of this protein in canine mammary tissues using immunohistochemistry and Western blotting. 14-3-3 σ was detected in 97% of the mammary tissue samples examined and was found in both myoepithelial (MECs) and epithelial (ECs) cells. Expression levels were elevated and reduced in neoplastic ECs and MECs, respectively (P < 0.001). Intense expression of 14-3-3 σ was detected in neoplastic ECs infiltrating blood vessels and lymph nodes and suggests a possible role for this protein in the malignant transformation of mammary neoplasms. Moreover, double immunostaining for 14-3-3 σ and the MEC – specific marker p63, confirmed that 14-3-3 σ is a highly sensitive marker of MECs since all p63 – positive cells were also positive for 14-3-3 σ. However, this protein is not exclusive to MECs as ECs also labelled positively.  相似文献