Temporal and spatial propagule deposition patterns of the emerging fungal pathogen of chestnut Gnomoniopsis castaneae in orchards of north-western Italy     

Guglielmo Lione  Luana Giordano  Fabiano Sillo  Francesca Brescia  Paolo Gonthier 《Plant pathology》2021,70(9):2016-2033

Two chestnut (Castanea sativa) orchards of north-western Italy were sampled with passive spore traps 35 times over 24 months. Samples were analysed through a newly developed quantitative PCR assay to quantify propagule loads of the emerging fungal pathogen Gnomoniopsis castaneae. Average propagule deposition patterns were assessed along with temporal and climatic variables, including sampling month and season, temperatures, relative humidity, precipitations, and wind. Machine learning algorithms combining information theory, fractal analysis, unbiased recursive partitioning, ordinary least squares and logistic regressions, were used to model propagule deposition patterns. The trained models were validated on independent data gathered from 24 samplings conducted in a third chestnut orchard during the same timeframe. Results showed that propagule deposition rate (DR) was variable within and among sites, with a site average ranging from 173 to 765 spores ⋅m⁻² ⋅h⁻¹. Propagule deposition was observed across all seasons, although the DR dropped substantially during wintertime (p < 0.05). Mean, maximum, and minimum temperatures, the growing degree days at 0 and 5℃ thresholds, and wind gust were all positively correlated (p < 0.05) with DR of G. castaneae. The trained models were all significant (p < 0.05), as well as their validation (p < 0.05). Fluctuations of propagule deposition throughout the year were consistent among sites and proved to be driven by temperatures. Wind gust was associated with the overall amount of propagules deposited at site level. In future, the increase in temperatures and strong winds as a result of climate change may boost the spread of G. castaneae.  相似文献   

Identifying resistance in wild and ornamental cherry towards bacterial canker caused by Pseudomonas syringae     

Michelle T. Hulin  Andrea Vadillo Dieguez  Francesca Cossu  Samantha Lynn  Karen Russell  Helen C. Neale  Robert W. Jackson  Dawn L. Arnold  John W. Mansfield  Richard J. Harrison 《Plant pathology》2022,71(4):949-965

Bacterial canker is a major disease of stone fruits and is a critical limiting factor to sweet cherry (Prunus avium) production worldwide. One important strategy for disease control is the development of resistant varieties. Partial varietal resistance in sweet cherry is discernible using shoot or whole tree inoculations; however, these quantitative differences in resistance are not evident in detached leaf assays. To identify novel sources of resistance to canker, we used a rapid leaf pathogenicity test to screen a range of wild cherry, ornamental Prunus species and sweet cherry × ornamental cherry hybrids with the canker pathogens, Pseudomonas syringae pvs syringae, morsprunorum races 1 and 2, and avii. Several Prunus accessions exhibited limited symptom development following inoculation with each of the pathogens, and this resistance extended to 16 P. syringae strains pathogenic on sweet cherry and plum. Resistance was associated with reduced bacterial multiplication after inoculation, a phenotype similar to that of commercial sweet cherry towards nonhost strains of P. syringae. Progeny resulting from a cross of a resistant ornamental species Prunus incisa with susceptible sweet cherry (P. avium) exhibited resistance indicating it is an inherited trait. Identification of accessions with resistance to the major bacterial canker pathogens is the first step towards characterizing the underlying genetic mechanisms of resistance and introducing these traits into commercial germplasm.  相似文献   

Oleuropein-Specific-13-Glucosidase Activity Marks the Early Response of Olive Fruits （Olea europaea） to Mimed Insect Attack     

Antonia Spadafora  ;Silvia Mazzuca  ;Francesca Fiorella Chiappetta  ;Attilio Parise  ;Enzo Perri  ;AnnaMafia Innocenti 《中国农业科学(英文版)》2008,7(6):703-712

Olive fruits are seriously deteriorated by pre and postharvest damage due to the attack of insects, such as Bactrocera olaea, which strongly alters the quality of olives. Defence response in olive fruits injured both by pathogens and by mechanical damages has been associated with the enzyme β-glucosidase, which specifically hydrolyses oleuropein, producing highly reactive aldehyde molecules. In situ detection of ~-glucosidase activity in olive fruit tissues following injury, which simulates Bactrocera oleae punctures, is reported. The assay was performed in two cultivars showing different degrees of susceptibilities to fly infestation. In both cultivars, the histochemical assay for β-glucosidase showed that within 20 min after the injury, a strong ~-glucosidase activity could be observed in the damaged tissues. Thereafter a progressive enzyme inactivation occurred starting from tissues around the boundary of the injury with decrease of the enzyme activity and stopped after 3 h. Whereas the mass of active cells reached a distance of （300±50） μm from the edge of the injury. Biochemical analyses showed that in extracts of the injured fruit, β-glucosidase activity rapidly increased within 20 min from injury, thereafter decreasing and reaching values comparable with those in intact fruits. Following puncture, the oleuropein contents did not change significantly in the high susceptibility cultivar, whereas it rapidly decreased in the cultivar showing low susceptibility. The results strongly suggest that olive fruits susceptible towards fly infestation could be related to the ability of the oleuropein-degrading-β-glucosidase to produce the highly reactive molecules in the damaged tissues. As a consequence of puncture, high level of peroxidase activity was detected. This feature also suggested that this enzyme could play a key role in the defence response against insect injuries.  相似文献   

Oleuropein-Specific-β-Glucosidase Activity Marks the Early Response of Olive Fruits (Olea europaea) to Mimed Insect Attack   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Antonia Spadework  Silvia Mazzuca  Francesca Fiorella Chiappetta  Attilio Parise  Enzo Perri  Anna Maria Innocenti 《中国农业科学(英文版)》2008,7(6)

Olive fruits are seriously deteriorated by pre and postharvest damage due to the attack of insects, such as Bactrocera olaea, which strongly alters the quality of olives. Defence response in olive fruits injured both by pathogens and by mechanical damages has been associated with the enzyme β-glucosidase, which specifically hydrolyses oleuropein, producing highly reactive aldehyde molecules. In situ detection of β-glucosidase activity in olive fruit tissues following injury, which simulates Bactrocera oleae punctures, is reported. The assay was performed in two cultivars showing different degrees of susceptibilities to fly infestation. In both cultivars, the histochemical assay for β-glucosidase showed that within 20 min after the injury, a strong β-glucosidase activity could be observed in the damaged tissues. Thereafter a progressive enzyme inactivation occurred starting from tissues around the boundary of the injury with decrease of the enzyme activity and stopped after 3h. Whereas the mass of active celsreached a distance of (300±50)μm from the edge of the injury. Biochemical analyses showed that in extracts of the injured fruit, β-glucosidase activity rapidly increased within 20 min from injury, thereafter decreasing and reaching values comparable with those in intact fruits. Following puncture, the oleuropein contents did not change significantly in the high susceptibility cultivar, whereas it rapidly decreased in the cultivar showing low susceptibility. The results strongly suggest that olive fruits susceptible towards fly infestation could be related to the ability of the oleuropein-degrading-β-glucosidase to produce the highly reactive molecules in the damaged tissues. As a consequence of puncture, high level of peroxidase activity was detected. This feature also suggested that this enzyme could play a key role in the defence response against insect injuries.  相似文献   

p62/SQSTM1 expression in canine mammary tumours: Evolutionary notes     

Francesca Mariotti  Gian Enrico Magi  Alessandra Gavazza  Silvia Vincenzetti  Andrey Komissarov  Alex Shneider  Franco Maria Venanzi 《Veterinary and comparative oncology》2019,17(4):570-577

Recent studies highlighted the role of autophagy as a cardinal regulatory system for homeostasis and cancer‐related signalling pathways. In this context, the deregulated expression of p62 – Sequestosome1 (p62/SQSTM1) – a protein acting both as an autophagy receptor and signalling hub, has been associated with tumour development and chronic inflammation. Multiple clinical studies test drugs targeting autophagy, and even more research is on the way to clinical trials. However, no comparative investigations have been carried out to identify adequate preclinical models to assess p62‐based medicine. In veterinary oncology the role of p62 in cancer‐related pathways has been largely ignored. We compared p62 sequences in multiple organisms and found that canine p62 significantly diverges from the humans and from other animals sequences. Then, we chart by immunohistochemistry the expression levels of p62 in canine mammary tumours. A total of 66 tumours and 10 non‐neoplastic mammary samples were examined. The expression of p62 was higher in normal tissue and adenomas than carcinomas, with lowest levels of p62 protein detected in high grade carcinomas. In all cases examined the tumour stroma appeared to be p62‐negative. Taken together our results would suggest that in dogs the association between p62 expression and cancer cells overturns that reported in human breast carcinoma, where p62 accumulates in malignant cells as compared to normal epithelium. Thus, at least in canine mammary tumours, p62 should be not considered a tumour‐rejection antigen for an anti‐cancer immunotherapy.  相似文献   

IMAGING DIAGNOSIS — USE OF MULTIPHASE COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHIC UROGRAPHY IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF URETERAL TEAR IN A 6‐DAY‐OLD FOAL          下载免费PDF全文

Francesca Beccati  Marta Cercone  Giovanni Angeli  Isabella Santinelli  Marco Pepe 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》2016,57(1):E10-E15

A 6‐day‐old foal was evaluated for depression and inappetence. After initial stabilization, the filly developed a hypochloremic metabolic alkalosis and persistent hypercreatinemia. Abdominal ultrasound revealed fluid accumulation around the left kidney and a well‐defined rounded fluid filled structure dorsal to the urinary bladder. Computed tomography revealed a partial tear of the left ureter with distension of the retroperitoneal membrane. Exploratory celiotomy was performed to allow left kidney nephrectomy. At 6 months follow‐up, the filly was growing normally without complications. Ultrasound and CT imaging in this case provided an accurate diagnosis and a presurgical aid to select the appropriate therapeutic approach.  相似文献   

Comparison of smartphone‐based and standard base‐apex electrocardiography in healthy dairy cows     

Francesca Bonelli  Tommaso Vezzosi  Mireille Meylan  Irene Nocera  Vincenzo Ferrulli  Carlotta Buralli  Valentina Meucci  Rosalba Tognetti 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2019,33(2):981-986

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Aging‐associated perifollicular changes and calcium deposition in poodles     

Vincenzo Miragliotta  Sharon Buonamici  Alessandra Coli  Francesca Abramo 《Veterinary dermatology》2019,30(1):56-e15

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Correction to: The synergistic effect of organic acids,phytochemicals and a permeabilizing complex reduces <Emphasis Type="Italic">Salmonella</Emphasis> Typhimurium 1,4,[5],12:i-shedding in pigs     

Jessica Ruggeri  Fabio Foresti  Roberta Pavesi  Alessia Terrini  Francesca Giudici  Diego Padoan  Attilio Corradi  Maria Cristina Ossiprandi  Paolo Pasquali  Giovanni Loris Alborali 《Veterinary research communications》2018,42(3):219-219

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Preparation of canine C‐reactive protein serum reference material: A feasibility study          下载免费PDF全文

Francesca Canalias  Matilde Piñeiro  Raquel Pato  Raquel Peña  Lluís Bosch  Lourdes Soler  Natalia García  Fermín Lampreave  Yolanda Saco  Anna Bassols 《Veterinary clinical pathology / American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology》2018,47(1):122-129

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