Connectivity and habitat type shape divergent dispersal behavior in a desert-dwelling fish     

Krystina D. Mossop  Nicholas P. Moran  David G. Chapple  Bob B. M. Wong 《Landscape Ecology》2017,32(5):1065-1078

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Identification of permethrin and etofenprox cross‐tolerance in Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato (Acari: Ixodidae)     

Nicholas SG Tucker  Phillip E Kaufman  Emma NI Weeks 《Pest management science》2019,75(10):2794-2801

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Extraction of newly immobilized n from an illinois mollisol using aqueous phenol     

Xin-Tao He  Frank J. Stevenson  Richard L. Mulvaney  Kenneth R. Kelley 《Soil biology & biochemistry》1988,20(6):857-862

Studies were conducted on an ¹⁵N-enriched Illinois Mollisol (Flanagan silt loam) to determine the extractability of newly immobilized N with aqueous phenol (45%, v/v). In comparison to mild extradants proposed as indexes of plant available N (i.e. 10 mw NaHCO₃ and hot 10 m CaCl₂), phenol showed the highest selectivity for the immobilized N, both with regard to the amount of biomass N extracted and the magnitude of the extractability ratio (ER). Aqueous phenol was also more selective in removing the immobilized N than reagents used for extraction of soil organic matter (i.e. 150 m Na₄P₂O₇ and 100 m KOH). Results with soils incubated for up to 120 days showed that the amount of ¹⁵N extracted with aqueous phenol fluctuated with time and was related to changes in the soil microbial population, e.g. ER was highest when the bacterial population was maximal. Aqueous phenol shows promise as a selective extradant of potentially-available (labile) organic N in soils.  相似文献   

Evidence from tag recapture experiments that fish learn to avoid fishing gear     

David J. Gilbert  Jeremy R. McKenzie  Nicholas M. Davies 《Journal of Agricultural, Biological & Environmental Statistics》2001,6(2):281-291

We found evidence that tagging induced trap shyness in snapper (Pagrus auratus), i.e., tagged fish had a reduced probability of recapture by the method by which they had originally been caught. Tagging experiments in 1985 and 1994 involving single release over a short period and single recapture were conducted on a closed population (SNA 1: East Northland-Hauraki Gulf-Bay of Plenty). Initial capture was by trawling and by line fishing, while recapture over an extended period included other methods. A test for trap shyness that removed the possible effects of spatial and fish size heterogeneity gave a significant result for both years. The data suggested that the trap shyness effect might have been smaller for trawl-released fish than for line-released fish. However, we estimated a single trap shyness factor (0.71). There was also some evidence for attenuation of trap shyness over time.  相似文献   

Residues of spiroxamine in grapes following field application and their fate from vine to wine     

Tsiropoulos NG  Miliadis GE  Likas DT  Liapis K 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2005,53(26):10091-10096

Dissipation of the fungicide spiroxamine in grapes of two vine varieties, Roditis and Cabernet Sauvignon, exposed to field treatments was evaluated. Vines of a grape vineyard located in central Greece were sprayed once or twice with a commercial formulation of the fungicide at 30 g a.i./hL. Residues in grapes, must, and wine were determined by gas chromatography/IT-MS after extraction with cyclohexane-dichloromethane (9:1), with a limit of quantitation 0.02 mg/kg in grapes and 0.012 mg/kg in wine. Under field conditions, spiroxamine dissipation on grapes was faster during the first 2 weeks and then slower to the sixth week. About 7 days after application, half of the initial spiroxamine concentration remained on the grapes; the respective proportion at 42 days was about 10%. At 14 and 35 days, residues were lower than 0.44 and 0.22 mg/kg, respectively, values below the maximum residue levels set by the European Union (1 mg/kg). Spiroxamine residues transferred from grapes into the must and through the vinification process into the wine were also studied. Mean transfer factors of 0.26 and 0.55 were found from grapes into wine for the wines obtained without maceration and with maceration, respectively. Residues in wine, prepared from grapes with a spiroxamine content of 0.11-0.20 mg/kg, varied from <0.026 to 0.09 mg/kg. Spiroxamine diastereomer B was found to dissipate slower than diastereomer A in the field as well as during the vinification process.  相似文献   

Metabolic resistance to S‐metolachlor in two waterhemp (Amaranthus tuberculatus) populations from Illinois,USA     

Seth A Strom  Aaron G Hager  Nicholas J Seiter  Adam S Davis  Dean E Riechers 《Pest management science》2020,76(9):3139-3148

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Origin of resistance to pyrethroids in the redlegged earth mite (Halotydeus destructor) in Australia: repeated local evolution and migration     

Qiong Yang  Paul A Umina  Gordana Ra&#x;i&#x;  Nicholas Bell  Jichao Fang  Alan Lord  Ary A Hoffmann 《Pest management science》2020,76(2):509-519

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Mitigating nitrous oxide emissions from agricultural soils by precision management     

Robert M. REES  Juliette MAIRE  Anna FLORENCE  Nicholas COWAN  Ute SKIBA  Tony van der WEERDEN  Xiaotang JU 《农业科学与工程前沿(英文版)》2020,7(1):75-80

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions make up a significant part of agricultural greenhouse gas emissions. There is an urgent need to identify new approaches to the mitigation of these emissions with emerging technology. In this short review four approaches to precision managements of agricultural systems are described based on examples of work being undertaken in the UK and New Zealand. They offer the opportunity for N₂O mitigation without any reduction in productivity. These approaches depend upon new sensor technology, modeling and spatial information with which to make management decisions and interventions that can both improve agricultural productivity and environmental protection.  相似文献   

Individual-based modeling highlights the importance of mortality and landscape structure in measures of functional connectivity     

Day  Casey C.  Zollner  Patrick A.  Gilbert  Jonathan H.  McCann  Nicholas P. 《Landscape Ecology》2020,35(10):2191-2208

Landscape Ecology - Functional landscape connectivity is vital for the conservation of wildlife species. Landscape connectivity models often overlook factors such as mortality and asymmetry in...  相似文献   

Fish population and behavior revealed by instantaneous continental shelf-scale imaging     

Makris NC  Ratilal P  Symonds DT  Jagannathan S  Lee S  Nero RW 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2006,311(5761):660-663

Until now, continental shelf environments have been monitored with highly localized line-transect methods from slow-moving research vessels. These methods significantly undersample fish populations in time and space, leaving an incomplete and ambiguous record of abundance and behavior. We show that fish populations in continental shelf environments can be instantaneously imaged over thousands of square kilometers and continuously monitored by a remote sensing technique in which the ocean acts as an acoustic waveguide. The technique has revealed the instantaneous horizontal structural characteristics and volatile short-term behavior of very large fish shoals, containing tens of millions of fish and stretching for many kilometers.  相似文献