Phenotypic characterisation of the cellular immune infiltrate in placentas of cattle following experimental inoculation with Neospora caninum in late gestation     

Germán J Cantón  Frank Katzer  Julio Benavides-Silván  Stephen W Maley  Javier Palarea-Albaladejo  Yvonne Pang  Sionagh Smith  Paul M Bartley  Mara Rocchi  Elisabeth A Innes  Francesca Chianini 《Veterinary research》2013,44(1):60

Despite Neospora caninum being a major cause of bovine abortion worldwide, its pathogenesis is not completely understood. Neospora infection stimulates host cell-mediated immune responses, which may be responsible for the placental damage leading to abortion. The aim of the current study was to characterize the placental immune response following an experimental inoculation of pregnant cattle with N. caninum tachyzoites at day 210 of gestation. Cows were culled at 14, 28, 42 and 56 days post inoculation (dpi). Placentomes were examined by immunohistochemistry using antibodies against macrophages, T-cell subsets (CD4, CD8 and γδ), NK cells and B cells. Macrophages were detected mainly at 14 days post inoculation. Inflammation was generally mild and mainly characterized by CD3⁺, CD4⁺ and γδ T-cells; whereas CD8⁺ and NK cells were less numerous. The immune cell repertoire observed in this study was similar to those seen in pregnant cattle challenged with N. caninum at early gestation. However, cellular infiltrates were less severe than those seen during first trimester Neospora infections. This may explain the milder clinical outcome observed when animals are infected late in gestation.  相似文献   

A molecular technique for the detection and differentiation of Demodex mites on cats     

Linda A. Frank  Stephen A. Kania  Karianne Chung  Rupal Brahmbhatt 《Veterinary dermatology》2013,24(3):367-e83

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PCR amplification and DNA sequencing of Demodex injai from otic secretions of a dog     

Milivoj A. Milosevic  Linda A. Frank  Rupal A. Brahmbhatt  Stephen A. Kania 《Veterinary dermatology》2013,24(2):286-e66

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COMPARISON OF COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHIC ANGIOGRAPHY AND ULTRASONOGRAPHY FOR THE DETECTION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF PORTOSYSTEMIC SHUNTS IN DOGS     

Stanley E. Kim  Robson F. Giglio  David J. Reese  Shona L. Reese  Nicholas J. Bacon  Gary W. Ellison 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》2013,54(6):569-574

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Video analysis of adult dogs when left home alone     

Elisabetta Scaglia  Simona Cannas  Michela Minero  Diane Frank  Angelica Bassi  Clara Palestrini 《Journal of Veterinary Behavior: Clinical Applications and Research》2013,8(6):412-417

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Ecosystem-level dynamics of soil-vegetation features, with implications for conserving a narrowly endemic reptile     

Matthew R. Dzialak  Dean J. Houchen  Seth M. Harju  James P. Mudd  John J. Wondzell  Stephen L. Webb  Nicholas P. Gould  Jennifer E. Hess  Jeffrey B. Winstead 《Landscape Ecology》2013,28(7):1371-1385

Narrow endemism presents challenges to species occurrence modeling particularly when the distribution of key local habitat features changes across space and time as a function of processes operating at larger scales. One need facing conservation in such settings is a better understanding of the biogeographic dynamics of the larger features that govern occurrence of critical local habitat. The Mescalero–Monahans shinnery sands region of western North America is a dynamic landscape where sand shinnery oak interacts with wind-driven sand to establish dune habitat. This ecosystem supports several narrowly endemic dune-dwelling species including the dunes sagebrush lizard. Using near-anniversary satellite and aerial imagery from 1986, 1998, and 2011, we integrated object-based image classification and statistical analysis to develop and validate a spatially explicit estimate of the sand shinnery oak ecosystem, including dynamics associated with its attrition and emergence, at high resolution throughout an 89,849-km² study area encompassing the range of the dunes sagebrush lizard. The spatial estimate of the distribution and extent of the sand shinnery oak soil-vegetation association validated reasonably well (overall accuracy = 0.79; sensitivity = 0.49; specificity = 0.91) and showed that the association declined 10.3 % in extent during the 25-year assessment window. The presence of sand shinnery oak, patch size, and patch isolation were dynamic across space and time; a regression model showed that smaller, isolated patches on the periphery of the system were more likely to be lost over time whereas larger, less isolated, and centrally distributed patches were more likely to persist or expand. This study details broadly applicable methods to accurately delineate landforms throughout large extents, and offers mapping tools specific to issues surrounding Mescalero–Monahans shinnery sands endemics that are readily amenable to testing, refinement, and application in efforts to focus sustainable landscape management including conservation of endemic species.  相似文献   

Genetic diversity and relationships in Corchorus olitorius (Malvaceae s.l.) inferred from molecular and morphological data     

Solomon Benor  Sebsebe Demissew  Karl Hammer  Frank R. Blattner 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2012,59(6):1125-1146

In this study, we investigated the genetic diversity and relationships in C. olitorius by analysing populations representing different distribution areas, and developed a hypothesis on the origin and spread of the species in the pantropics. We employed amplified fragment lengths polymorphism (AFLP) and morphometric analyses in a total of 101 C. olitorius accessions. Results of both data sets are mostly congruent. The molecular analysis indicated generally low genetic diversity within populations and the Nei’s gene diversity (H_e) ranged from 0.0457 to 0.0955 with a mean of 0.0763. Qualitative traits, especially related to leaf morphology, branching habit and stipule color were the taxonomically most informative characters. The highest morphological variability occurred within African accessions, indicating that this species originally evolved in Africa. In both analyses, the Asian materials were nested within African populations, especially with those from North and East Africa. This indicates an African origin of the species and we hypothesise that dispersal occurred via the Mediterranean–Indian trade routes instead of natural migration along the coasts from western Africa to the Indian subcontinent. Both analyses revealed materials from Ethiopia to be quite distinct. The highest number of private bands (N?=?35), percent polymorphism (29.29%), and gene diversity (0.0955) were also detected in wild accessions collected from Ethiopia, suggesting a long-term spatial isolation of C. olitorius populations in the country. Germplasm samples from this region could therefore be a useful source of genetic variation in jute breeding programs.  相似文献   

Structural and sensory characterization of key pungent and tingling compounds from black pepper (Piper nigrum L.)     

Dawid C  Henze A  Frank O  Glabasnia A  Rupp M  Büning K  Orlikowski D  Bader M  Hofmann T 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2012,60(11):2884-2895

To gain a more comprehensive knowledge on whether, besides the well-known piperine, other compounds are responsible for the pungent and tingling oral impression imparted by black pepper, an ethanol extract prepared from black pepper (Piper nigrum L.) was screened for its key sensory-active nonvolatiles by application of taste dilution analysis (TDA). Purification of the compounds perceived with the highest sensory impact, followed by LC-MS and 1D/2D NMR experiments as well as synthesis, led to the structure determination of 25 key pungent and tingling phytochemicals, among which the eight amides 1-(octadeca-2E,4E,13Z-trienyl)piperidine, 1-(octadeca-2E,4E,13Z-trienyl)pyrrolidine, (2E,4E,13Z)-N-isobutyl-octadeca-2,4,13-trienamide, 1-(octadeca-2E,4E,12Z-trienoyl)-pyrrolidine, 1-(eicosa-2E,4E,15Z-trienyl)piperidine, 1-(eicosa-2E,4E,15Z-trienyl)pyrrolidine, (2E,4E,15Z)-N-isobutyl-eicosa-2,4,15-trienamide, and 1-(eicosa-2E,4E,14Z-trienoyl)-pyrrolidine were not yet reported in literature. Sensory studies by means of a modified half-tongue test revealed recognition thresholds ranging from 3.0 to 1150.2 nmol/cm2 for pungency and from 520.6 to 2162.1 nmol/cm2 for the tingling orosensation depending on their chemical structure.  相似文献   

Effects of habitat age and plant species on predatory mites (Acari, Mesostigmata) in grassy arable fallows in Eastern Austria     

Wissuwa J  Salamon JA  Frank T 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2012,50(6):96-107

Density, diversity and assemblage structure of Mesostigmata (cohorts Gamasina and Uropodina) were investigated in nine grassy arable fallows according to a factorial design with age class (2-3, 6-8, 12-15 years) and plant species (legume: Medicago sativa, herb: Taraxacum officinale, grass: Bromus sterilis) as factors. The response of Mesostigmata to habitat age and plant species was explored because this group belongs to the dominant acarine predators playing a crucial role in soil food webs and being important as biological control agents. To our knowledge, this combination of factors has never been studied before for Mesostigmata. A further rarely applied aspect of the present study is the micro-scale approach investigating the Mesostigmata assemblage of the soil associated with single plants. Four plots were randomly chosen at each fallow in May 2008. At each plot plant roots and the adjacent soil of five randomly selected plant individuals per plant species were dug out with steel cylinders for heat extraction of soil fauna and measurement of environmental parameters. In total, 83 mite taxa were identified, with 50 taxa being new to Austria. GLM analysis revealed a significant effect of plant species on mite density, with significantly more mites in B.?sterilis than in T.?officinale samples, and M.?sativa samples being intermediate. This was in contrast to the assumption that the mite density is highest in M. sativa samples due to the propagation of plant quality effects to higher trophic levels. These results were probably caused by a higher amount of fine roots in grass samples leading to high densities of Collembola, which are preferred prey of predatory mites. Mite density did not significantly differ between the three age classes. A canonical analysis of principal coordinates (CAP) showed that the mite assemblage exhibited a weak yet significant separation between plant species, and a highly significant separation between age classes. Accordingly, different mite assemblages were found for the three age classes, while only few mite species were clearly associated with a single plant species. Finally, canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) revealed that the mite assemblage was best explained by soil organic carbon, total density of Collembola and water content.  相似文献   

Maternal intention to breast-feed and breast-feeding outcomes in term and preterm infants: Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS), 2000-2003     

Colaizy TT  Saftlas AF  Morriss FH 《Public health nutrition》2012,15(4):702-710

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