Mitigation of the response of Friesian calves to live Babesia bovis vaccine by treatment with long acting oxytetracycline     

E Pipano  Y Krigel  A Markovics  E Rubinstein  M Frank 《The Veterinary record》1985,117(16):413-414

Forty 11- to 13-month-old Friesian calves were inoculated with live Babesia bovis vaccine. Twenty of the calves were treated with long acting oxytetracycline seven and 15 days after receiving the vaccine. Parasites were detected in nine of the treated calves compared with all 20 of the untreated control group. Treated calves were less febrile and had higher packed cell volumes than control animals. All calves from both groups developed a considerable antibody titre to B bovis. It appears that long acting oxytetracycline can mitigate the response of sensitive cattle breeds to live antibabesial vaccine and prevent damage caused by excessive multiplication of B bovis parasites.  相似文献   

Modeling lumber strength spatial variation using trend removal and kriging analyses     

Frank Lam  J. D. Barrett 《Wood Science and Technology》1992,26(5):369-381

Summary The techniques of kriging and trend removal analysis for modeling the strength properties of lumber have been discussed. Using these techniques, the within member compressive strengths of 38 mm × 89 mm 2100f-1.8E and the within member tensile strengths of 38 mm × 89 mm No. 2 spruce-pine-fir lumber have been modeled. The suitability of these techniques to model the strength properties of lumber has been evaluated by comparing the kriged compressive and tensile strength data to baseline experimentally collected compressive strength data and simulated tensile strength data, respectively. Comparisons of the results of statistical analyses of the baseline data and the kriged data show good agreement. The use of kriging and trend removal techniques to generate strength values in simulation studies for finite element analyses of wood structures is judged to be effective.  相似文献   

Effects of oil of cloves and citronellol, two commercially available repellents, against the webbing clothes mothTineola bisselliella Hum. (Lepidoptera: Tineidae)     

Dr. R. Plarre  Maja Pöschko  Sabine Prozell  Andrea Frank  R. Wohlgemuth  J. K. Phillips 《Journal of pest science》1997,70(3):45-50

Tineola bisselliella is a common pest on natural fabrics of economic importance. Two commercially available repellents for use against adult webbing clothes moths were tested for their efficacy in dual- and no-choice bioassays. Oil of cloves and citral in combination, as well as citronellol scented with oil of lavender showed promising repellent effects for 4 weeks when applied in small compartments of a wardrobe. Although the repellent efficacy was not 100% under the conditions tested, the usage of essential oils in combination with other infestation prevention techniques is discussed.

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Zusammenfassung Die KleidermotteTineola bisselliella Hum. ist einer der wirtschaftlich bedeutenden tierischen Wollzerstörer. Auch Pelze, Felle, Polsterhaare und Federn werden von dem weit verbreiteten Kleinschmetterling aus der Familie der Tineidae befallen. In der Praxis gilt es vor allem Kleidungsstücke, die z. B. saisonbedingt für längere Zeit ungenutzt in einem Kleiderschrank aufbewahrt werden, vor dem Befall durch die Kleidermotte zu schützen. Hierfür stehen dem Verbraucher neben den konventionellen Bekämpfungsmitteln mit den Wirkstoffen Kampfer, Naphthalin und Paradichlorbenzol sowie pyrethrum- und pyrethroidhaltige Mittel auch Präparate zur Verfügung, die auf die repellierende Wirkung von ätherischen Ölen zurückgreifen. Die abstoßende Wirkung von Nelkenöl in Kombination mit Citral und von Citronellol parfümiert mit Lavendelöl auf die Falter der Kleidermotte wurde auf vergleichbare Eigenschaften untersucht. In Wahlversuchen wurden deutliche Repellent-Wirkungen der Mottenschutz-Präparate sichtbar. Die Präparate zeigten gute Wirkungen, wenn sie zum Schutz gegen den Zuflug von Kleidermotten an wollhaltigen Stoffen in kleinen Kompartimenten eines Kleiderschrankes ausgelegt waren. Auch in Zwangsversuchen hatte dieser Befund zum Teil Bestand. Bei längeren Versuchszeiten wurden allerdings verstärkt Fraßschäden durch Larven an den Wollstoffen festgestellt. Dies ist darauf zurückzuführen, daß Mottenweibchen nicht mehr in dem Maße repelliert wurden und ihre Eier an den Stoffen ablegten.

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This article reports the results of research only. Mention of a proprietary product or pesticide does not constitute an endorsement or a recommendation for its use by the Federal Biological Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry or by the USDA-ARS.  相似文献   

Mechanical perturbation affects conductivity, mechanical properties and aboveground biomass of hybrid poplars     

Kern KA  Ewers FW  Telewski FW  Koehler L 《Tree physiology》2005,25(10):1243-1251

Xylem development in trees is affected by dynamic mechanical stresses imposed on stems by wind. To assess clonal differences in response to mechanical perturbation (MP), we subjected seven greenhouse-grown F1 hybrids of Populus trichocarpa Torr. and A. Gray. x P. deltoides Bartr. ex Marsh. to a standard MP treatment consisting of 20 manually imposed stem flexures per day for 70-90 days. Effects of MP on aboveground biomass, hydraulic conductivity (k(h)), specific conductivity (k(s)), flexural stiffness (EI), modulus of elasticity (MOE) and modulus of rupture (MOR) were determined. Treatment increased stem radial growth and decreased height growth, leaf area and total aboveground biomass. It also significantly decreased k(s), MOE and MOR, but significantly increased EI and wood specific gravity in most clones. Mechanical perturbation caused greater stem rigidity, without having a significant effect on whole-stem k(h) or percent loss of conductivity due to embolism. Maximum k(h) was positively correlated with EI in both control (r(2) = 0.54, P < 0.0001) and MP-treated (r(2) = 0.61, P < 0.0001) plants, and k(s) and MOE were positively correlated with percent vessel lumen area (r(2) = 0.45, P < 0.0001 and r(2) = 0.28, P = 0.002, respectively). Thus, contrary to our expectation of a trade-off between conductivity and wood strength, there may be an opportunity to select clones for woody biomass production that are superior in both mechanical strength and hydraulic conductivity, as is the triploid Clone 19-61.  相似文献   

Biomass dynamics of Erythrina lanceolata as influenced by shoot-pruning intensity in Costa Rica     

Berninger Frank  Salas Eduardo 《Agroforestry Systems》2003,57(1):19-28

Pruning of agroforestry trees, while reducing shade of the crops, usually reduces both biomass production and nitrogen fixation. Short pruning cycles are often not sustainable on the long run, because tree production declines over subsequent pruning cycles. We compared biomass and labile carbohydrate dynamics of Erythrina lanceolata Standley (Papilionaceae) shade trees under total and partial pruning regimes in a vanilla (Vanilla planifolia L.) plantation in South-western Costa Rica. The highest biomass production was measured in the unpruned control, followed by trees with 50% of the leaf pruned every three months, while total pruning every six months resulted in the lowest biomass pruduction. In the more productive treatments, a higher proportion of the production was in branches. Because, the N content of woody branches was high, they were important for nitrogen cycling. In the partial pruning treatment more nitrogen was returned to the soil from litter and woody branches than from pruned leaf. Sugar concentrations were not different between treatments and the dynamics of non-structural carbohydrates (sugar and starch) seems to depend more on plant phenology than pruning treatment. However, the starch concentrations in the total pruning were lower than in the other treatments.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

Hydraulic conductivity and embolism in the mangrove tree Laguncularia racemosa     

Ewers FW  Lopez-Portillo J  Angeles G  Fisher JB 《Tree physiology》2004,24(9):1057-1062

We measured xylem pressure potentials, soil osmotic potentials, hydraulic conductivity and percent loss of conductivity (PLC) due to embolism, and made microscopic observations of perfused dye in the white mangrove tree, Laguncularia racemosa (L.) Gaertn. f., (1) to determine its vulnerability to air embolism compared with published results for the highly salt-tolerant red mangrove tree, Rhizophora mangle L., and (2) to identify possible relationships between air embolism, permanent blockage of vessels and stem diameter. Laguncularia racemosa was more vulnerable to embolism than reported for R. mangle, with 50 PLC at -3.4 MPa. Narrow stems (5-mm diameter) had higher PLC than larger stems (8.4- or 14-mm diameter) of the same plants. Basic fuchsin dye indicated that up to 89% of the vessels, especially in the narrow stems, had permanent blockage that could not be reversed by high pressure perfusion. Air embolism could lead to permanent vessel blockage and eventual stem mortality. Such vulnerability to embolism may restrict the growth of L. racemosa and limit its distribution to less salty areas of mangrove communities.  相似文献   

Acclimation of photosynthetic capacity in Scots pine to the annual cycle of temperature     

Mäkelä A  Hari P  Berninger F  Hänninen H  Nikinmaa E 《Tree physiology》2004,24(4):369-376

Coniferous trees growing in the boreal and temperate zones have a clear annual cycle of photosynthetic activity. A recent study demonstrated that the seasonal variation in photosynthetic capacity of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) could be attributed mainly to the light response curve of photosynthesis. The magnitude of the light response curve varied over the season while its shape remained constant, indicating that the two physiological parameters quantifying the curve-the quantum yield per unit internal carbon dioxide concentration and the corresponding light-saturated rate-remained proportional to each other. We now show, through modeling studies, that the quantum yield (and hence the light-saturated rate) is related to the annual cycle of temperature through a delayed dynamic response. The proposed model was tested by comparing model results with intensive measurements of photosynthesis and driving variables made from April to October in three shoots of Scots pine growing near the northern timberline. Photosynthetic capacity showed considerable acclimation during the growing season. A single model describing photosynthetic capacity as a reversible, first-order delay process driven by temperature explained most of the variation in photosynthetic capacity during the year. The proposed model is simpler but no less accurate than previous models of the annual cycle of photosynthetic capacity.  相似文献   

Der Bisam (die Bisamratte)Ondatra zibethicus (L.)     

Gersdorf E. und F. Frank 《Journal of pest science》1970,43(10):160

Ohne Zusammenfassung  相似文献   

Erythema multiforme associated with zonisamide in a dog          下载免费PDF全文

Amanda L. Ackermann  Linda A. Frank  Michael F. McEntee  Elizabeth R. May 《Veterinary dermatology》2015,26(5):391-e89

This report describes a dog that developed erythema multiforme in temporal association with administration of the sulphonamide‐based anticonvulsant drug zonisamide. Similar adverse drug reactions have been associated with sulphonamide antimicrobial drugs. Caution should be exercised when prescribing this medication for dogs with known hypersensitivity to sulphonamides.  相似文献   

Vaccination of pigs with the S48 strain of Toxoplasma gondii – safer meat for human consumption     

Alison Burrells  Julio Benavides  German Cantón  Jo?o L Garcia  Paul M Bartley  Mintu Nath  Jackie Thomson  Francesca Chianini  Elisabeth A Innes  Frank Katzer 《Veterinary research》2015,46(1)

As clinical toxoplasmosis is not considered a problem in pigs, the main reason to implement a control strategy against Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) in this species is to reduce the establishment of T. gondii tissue cysts in pork, consequently reducing the risk of the parasite entering the human food chain. Consumption of T. gondii tissue cysts from raw or undercooked meat is one of the main sources of human infection, with infected pork being considered a high risk. This study incorporates a mouse bioassay with molecular detection of T. gondii DNA to study the effectiveness of vaccination (incomplete S48 strain) in its ability to reduce tissue cyst burden in pigs, following oocyst (M4 strain) challenge. Results from the mouse bioassay show that 100% of mice which had received porcine tissues from vaccinated and challenged pigs survived compared with 51.1% of mice which received tissues from non-vaccinated and challenged pigs. The presence (or absence) of T. gondii DNA from individual mouse brains also confirmed these results. This indicates a reduction in viable T. gondii tissue cysts within tissues from pigs which have been previously vaccinated with the S48 strain. In addition, the study demonstrated that the main predilection sites for the parasite were found to be brain and highly vascular muscles (such as tongue, diaphragm, heart and masseter) of pigs, while meat cuts used as human food such as chop, loin, left tricep and left semitendinosus, had a lower burden of T. gondii tissue cysts. These promising results highlight the potential of S48 strain tachyzoites for reducing the number of T. gondii tissues cysts in pork and thus improving food safety.  相似文献